Sub-Saharan Africa

37 civilians are killed in the ongoing conflict between herders and farmers who are fighting over access to water and land resources in central Mali.

A water pipeline is bombed along the Great North Road in Lusaka, Zambia. No group claims responsibility for the attack, however the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola is suspected of placing the bomb. This attack coincides with four other area bombings on the same day.

One person is killed and five injured when security forces open fire on protests over an attempt to privatize water services in Lere, northwestern Mali.

At least 130 people are killed in a string of clashes between Pokomo farmers and Orma, semi-nomadic cattle herders over access to land and river water.

Extensive violence over water is reported in Kenya, with approximately 50 deaths in clashes between farmers and cattle herders. The conflict is part of a long-running dispute between Pokomo farmers and Orma, semi-nomadic cattle herders, over land and water. The current conflict is being exacerbated by Kenyan and foreign investment in vast tracts of land for food and biofuel cultivation, putting pressure on local resources. (See also entry in 2001.)

Dozens are killed in clan-related violence in Somalia’s Hiran region. Sources say the violence is related to tensions over access to water and pasture, as well as local politics.

According to a report, 38 people are killed and another 30 are injured in fighting between two local clans over water points, grazing land, and border areas, in Gogrial West, Warrap, South Sudan.