"Table 3. Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Country, 1970 to 2002",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Description,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Safe drinking water is one of the most basic human requirements and one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 is to reduce by half the proportion of people unable to reach or afford safe drinking water. As a result, estimates of access to safe drinking water are a cornerstone of most international assessments of progress, or lack thereof, toward solving global and regional water problems. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Data are given here for the percent of urban, rural, and total populations, by country, with access to safe drinking water for 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1994, 2000, and 2002?the most recent year for which data are available. The World Health Organization (WHO) collected the data presented here over various periods. Most of the data presented were drawn from responses by national governments to WHO questionnaires. Participants in data collection include the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of WHO, the United Nations Children’s Fund, and the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, which has continued sector monitoring and aims to support and strengthen the monitoring efforts of individual countries.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "The most recent data (WHO 2000, 2002) reflect a significant change in definition. Data are now reported for populations without access to “improved” water supply. The forty largest countries in the developing world account for 90 percent of population in these regions. As a result, WHO spent extra effort to collect comprehensive data for these countries. According to WHO, the following technologies were included in the assessment as representing “improved” water supply: Household connection; Public standpipe; Borehole; Protected dug well; Protected spring; Rainwater collection.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "In comparison, “unimproved” drinking water sources refers to unprotected well; unprotected spring; rivers or ponds; vendor-provided water; bottled water; tanker truck water",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Limitations,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "A review of water and sanitation coverage data from the 1980s and 1990s shows that the definition of safe, or improved, water supply and sanitation facilities differs from one country to another and for a given country over time. Indeed, some of the data from individual countries often showed rapid and implausible changes in the level of coverage from one assessment to the next. This indicates that some of the data are also unreliable, irrespective of the definition used. Countries used their own definitions of “rural” and “urban.”",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "For the 1996 data, two-thirds of the countries reporting indicated how they defined “access.” At the time, the definition most commonly centered on walking distance or time from household to water source, such as a public standpipe, which varied from 50 to 2,000 meters and 5 to 30 minutes. Definitions sometimes included considerations of quantity, with the acceptable limit ranging from 15 to 50 liters per capita per day. The WHO considers safe drinking water to be treated surface water or untreated water from protected springs, boreholes, and wells.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "The 2000 and 2002 WHO Assessments attempts to shift from gathering information from water providers only to include consumer-based information. The current approach uses household surveys in an effort to assess the actual use of facilities. “Reasonable access” was broadly defined as the availability of at least 20 liters per person per day from a source within one kilometer of the user’s dwelling. A drawback of this approach is that household surveys are not conducted regularly in many countries. Thus, direct comparisons between countries, and across time within the same country, are difficult. Direct comparisons are additionally complicated by the fact that these data hide disparities between regions and socioeconomic classes.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Access to water, as reported by WHO, does not imply that the level of service or quality of water is “adequate” or “safe.” The assessment questionnaire did not include any methodology for discounting coverage figures to allow for intermittence or poor quality of the water supplies. However, the instructions stated that piped systems should not be considered “functioning” unless they were operating at over 50 percent capacity on a daily basis; and that hand pumps should not be considered functioning unless they were operating for at least 70 percent of the time with a lag between breakdown and repair not exceeding two weeks. These aspects were taken into consideration when estimating coverage for countries for which national surveys had not been conducted. More details of the methods used, and their limitations, can be found at http://www.who.int/docstore/water_sanitation_health/Globassessment/GlobalTOC.htm.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,Fraction of Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,URBAN,,,,,,,,RURAL,,,,,,,,TOTAL,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Region and Country,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1994,2000,2002,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1994,2000,2002,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1994,2000,2002,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, AFRICA,66,68,69,77,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Algeria,84,100,,85,,,88,92, ,61,,55,,,94,80,,77 ,,68 ,,,94,87,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Angola,,,85,87,73,69,34,70,,,10,15,20,15,40,40,,,26 ,33 ,35,32,38,50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Benin,83,100,26,80,73,41,74,79,20,20,15,34,43,53,55,60,29 ,34 ,18 ,50 ,54,50,63,68,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Botswana,71,95,,84,100,,100,100,26,39, ,46,88,,,90,29 ,45 ,,53 ,91,,,95,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Burkina Faso,35,50,27,43,,,84,82,10,23,31,69,70,,,44,12 ,25 ,31 ,67 ,,78,,51,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Burundi,77,,90,98,92,92,96,90,,,20,21,43,49,,78,,,23 ,25 ,45,52,,79,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Cameroon,77,,,43,42,,82,84,21,, ,24,45,,42,41,32 ,,,32 ,44,,62,63,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Cape Verde,,,100,83,,70,64,86,,,21,50,,34,89,73,,,25 ,52 ,,51,74,80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Central African Republic,,,,13,19,18,80,93,,,,,26,18,43,61,,,,,23,18,60,75,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Chad,47,43,,,,48,31,40,24,23,,,,17,26,32,27 ,26 ,,,,24,27,34,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Comoros,,,,,,,98,90,,,,,,,95,96,,,,,,,96,94,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Congo,63,81,42, ,,,71,72,6,9,7, ,,,17,17,27 ,38 ,20 ,,,,51,46,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Congo, Democratic Rep.",33,38,,52,68,37,89,83,4,12,,21,24,23,26,29,11 ,19 ,,32 ,36,27,45,46,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Cote D'Ivoire,98,,, ,57,59,90,98,29,,, ,80,81,65,74,44 ,,,,71,72,77,84,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Djibouti,,,50,50,,77,100,82,,,20,20,,100,100,67,,,43 ,45 ,,90,100,80 Egypt,94,,88, ,95,82,96,100,93,,64, ,86,50,94,97,93 ,,84 ,,90,64,95,98 Equatorial Guinea,,,47, ,65,88,45,45,,,,,18,100,42,42,,,,,32,95,43,44 Eritrea,,,,,,,63,72,,,,,,,42,54,,,,,,,46,57 Ethiopia,61,58,,69,,,77,81, ,1,,9,,,13,11,6 ,8 ,,16 ,,,24,22 Gabon,,,, ,,,73,95,,,,,,,55,47,,,,,,,70,87 Gambia,97,,85,97,100,,80,95,3,,,50,48,,53,77,12 ,,,59 ,60,76,62,82 Ghana,86,86,72,93,63,70,87,93,,14,33,39,,49,49,68,35 ,35 ,45 ,56 ,21,56,64,79 Guinea,68,69,69,41,100,61,72,78,,,2,12,37,62,36,38,,14 ,15 ,18 ,53,62,48,51 Guinea-Bissau,,,18,17,,38,29,79,,,8,22,,57,55,49,,,10 ,21 ,,53,49,59 Kenya,100,100,85, ,,67,87,89,2,4,15,,,49,31,46,15 ,17 ,26 ,,,53,49,62 Lesotho,100,65,37,65,,14,98,88,1,14,11,30,,64,88,74,3 ,17 ,15 ,36 ,,52,91,76 Liberia,100,,,100,,58,,72,6,,,23,,8,,52,15 ,,,53 ,,30,,62 Libya,100,100,100, ,,,72,72,42,82,90,,,,68,68,58 ,87 ,96 ,,,,72,72 Madagascar,67,76,80,81,,83,85,75,1,14,7,17,,10,31,34,11 ,25 ,21 ,31 ,,29,47,45 Malawi,,,77,97,,52,95,96,,,37,50,,44,44,62,,,41 ,56 ,,45,57,67 Mali,29,,37,46,41,36,74,76,,,,10,4,38,61,35,,,,16 ,13,37,65,48 Mauritania,98,,80,73,,84,34,63,10,,85,,,69,40,45,17 ,,84 ,,,76,37,56 Mauritius,100,100,100,100,100,95,100,100,29,22,98,100,100,100,100,100,61 ,60 ,99 ,100 ,100,98,100,100 Morocco,92,,100,100,100,98,100,99,28,,,25,18,14,58,56,51 ,,,59 ,56,52,82,80 Mozambique,,,,38,,17,86,76,,,,9,,40,43,24,,,,15 ,,32,60,42 Namibia,,,,,90,87,100,98,,,,,37,42,67,72,,,,,52,57,77,80 Niger,37,36,41,35,98,46,70,80,19,26,32,49,45,55,56,36,20 ,27 ,33 ,47 ,56,53,59,46 Nigeria,,,,100,100,63,81,72,,,,20,22,26,39,49,,,,38 ,49,39,57,60 Reunion,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rwanda,81,84,48,79,84,,60,92,66,68,55,48,67,,40,69,67 ,68 ,55 ,50 ,68,,41,73 Sao Tome and Principe,,,,,,,,89,,,,45,,,,73,,,,45 ,,,,79 Senegal,87,56,77,79,65,82,92,90,,,25,38,26,28,65,54,,,43 ,53 ,42,50,78,72 Seychelles,,,,,,,,100,,,,95,,,,75,,,,95 ,,,,87 Sierra Leone,75,,50,68,80,58,23,75,1,,2,7,20,21,31,46,12 ,,14 ,24 ,39,34,28,57 Somalia,17,77,,58,,,,32,14,22,,22,,,,27,15 ,38 ,,34 ,,,,29 South Africa,, ,,,,,92,98,,,,,,,80,73,,,,,,70,86,87 Sudan,61,96,100,,,66,86,78,13,43,31,,,45,69,64,19 ,50 ,51 ,,,50,75,69 Swaziland, ,83,,100,,41,,87, ,29,,7,,44,,42, ,37 ,,31 ,,43,,52 Tanzania,61,88,,90,,,80,92,9,36,,42,,,42,62,13 ,39 ,,53 ,,,54,73 Togo,100,49,70,100,,74,85,80,5,10,31,41,,58,38,36,17 ,16 ,38 ,54 ,,63,54,51 Tunisia,92,93,100,100,,100,,94,17,,17,31,,89,,60,49 ,,60 ,70 ,,99,,82 Uganda,88,100,,37,60,47,72,87,17,29,,18,30,32,46,52,22 ,35 ,,20 ,33,34,50,56 Zambia,70,86,,76,,64,88,90,22,16,,41,,27,48,36,37 ,42 ,,58 ,,43,64,55 Zimbabwe,,,,,95,,100,100,,,,32,80,,77,74,,,,,84,,85,83 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, NORTH & CENTRAL,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, AMERICA & CARIBBEAN,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Anguilla,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Antigua and Barbuda,,,,,,,,95,,,,,,,,89,,,,,,,,91 Aruba,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100 Bahamas,100,100,100,100,98,,99,98,12,13,,,75,,86,86,65 ,65 ,100 ,100 ,90,,96,97 Barbados,95,100,99,100,100,,100,100,100,100,98,99,100,,100,100,98 ,100 ,99 ,99 ,100,,100,100 Belize,,,99,100,95,96,83,100,,,36,26,53,82,69,82,,,68 ,64 ,74,89,76,91 British Virgin Islands,,,,,100,,,98,,,,,100,,,98,,,,,,,,98 Canada,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,99,99,,,,,,,100,100 Cayman Islands,,,100,98,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Costa Rica,98,100,100,100,,85,98,100,59,56,82,83,,99,98,92,74 ,72 ,90 ,91 ,,92,98,97 Cuba,82,96,,,100,96,99,95,15,,,,91,85,82,78,56 ,,,,98,93,95,91 Dominican Republic,72,88,85,85,82,74,83,98,14,27,34,33,45,67,70,85,37 ,55 ,60 ,62 ,67,71,79,93 Dominica,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,90,,,,,,,100,97 El Salvador,71,89,67,68,87,78,88,91,20,28,40,40,15,37,61,68,40 ,53 ,50 ,51 ,47,55,74,82 Grenada,100,100,,,,,97,97,47,77,,,,,93,93,,,,,,,94,95 Guadeloupe,,,,,,,94,98,,,,,,,94,93,,,,,,,94,98 Guatemala,88,85,90,72,92,,97,99,12,14,18,14,43,,88,92,38 ,39 ,46 ,37 ,62,,92,95 Haiti, ,46,51,59,56,37,46,91,,3,8,30,35,23,45,59,,12 ,19 ,38 ,41,28,46,71 Honduras,99,99,93,56,85,81,97,99,10,13,40,45,48,53,82,82,34 ,41 ,59 ,49 ,64,65,90,90 Jamaica,100,100,55,99,,,81,98,48,79,46,93,,,59,87,62 ,86 ,51 ,96 ,,,71,93 Martinique,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Mexico,71,70,90,99,94,91,94,97,29,49,40,47,,62,63,72,54 ,62 ,73 ,83 ,69,83,86,91,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Montserrat,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Netherlands Antilles,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Nicaragua,58,100,67,76,,81,95,93,16,14,6,11,,27,59,65,35 ,56 ,39 ,48 ,,61,79,81,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Panama,100,100,100,100,,,88,99,41,54,62,64,,,86,79,69 ,77 ,81 ,82 ,,83,87,91,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Puerto Rico,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, St Kitts,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, St Lucia,,,,,,,,98,,,,,,,,98,,,,,,,,98,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, St Vincent,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Trinidad/Tobago,100,79,100,100,100,,,92,95,100,93,95,88,,,88,96 ,93 ,97 ,98 ,96,,86,91,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Turks/Caicos Islands,,,,87,,,,100,,,,68,,,,100,,,,77 ,,,,100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, United States of America,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, United States Virgin Islands,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SOUTH AMERICA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Argentina,69,76,61,63,,,85,97,12,26,17,17,,,30,,56 ,66 ,54 ,56 ,,,79,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Bolivia,92,81,69,75,76,78,93,95,2,6,10,13,30,22,55,68,33 ,34 ,36 ,43 ,53,55,79,85 Brazil,78,87,83,85,95,85,95,96,28,,51,56,61,31,54,58,55 ,,72 ,77 ,87,72,87,89 Chile,67,78,100,98,,94,99,100,13,28,17,29,,37,66,59,56 ,70 ,84 ,87 ,,85,94,95 Colombia,88,86,93,100,87,88,98,99,28,33,73,76,82,48,73,71,63 ,64 ,86 ,,86,76,91,92 Ecuador,76,67,79,81,63,82,81,92,7,8,20,31,44,55,51,77,34 ,36 ,50 ,57 ,55,70,71,86 Falkland Islands (Malvinas),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, French Guiana,,,,,,,88,88,,,,,,,71,71,,,,,,,84,84 Guyana,100,100,100,100,100,90,98,83,63,75,60,65,71,45,91,83,75 ,84 ,72 ,76 ,81,61,94,83 Paraguay,22,25,39,53,61,,95,100,5,5,9,8,9,,58,62,11 ,13 ,21 ,28 ,34,,79,83 Peru,58,72,68,73,68,74,87,87,8,15,18,17,24,24,51,66,35 ,47 ,50 ,55 ,55,60,77,81 Suriname,,,100,71,,,94,98,,,79,94,,,96,73,,,88 ,83 ,,,95,92 Uruguay,100,100,96,95,100,,98,98,59,87,2,27,,,93,93,92 ,98 ,81 ,85 ,89,,98,98 Venezuela,92,,93,93,,80,88,85,38,,53,65,36,75,58,70,75 ,,86 ,89 ,,79,84,83 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ASIA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Afghanistan,18,40,28,38,40,39,19,19,1,5,8,17,19,5,11,11,3 ,9 ,8 ,17 ,23,12,13,13 Armenia,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,80,,,,,,,,92 Azerbaijan,,,,,,,,95,,,,,,,,59,,,,,,,,77 Bahrain,100,100,,100,100,,,100,94,100,,100,0,,,,99 ,100 ,,100 ,,,, Bangladesh,13,22,26,24,39,100,99,82,47,61,40,49,89,97,97,72,45 ,56 ,39 ,46 ,81,97,97,75 Bhutan,,,50, ,60,75,86,86,,,5,19,30,54,60,60,,,7 ,,32,64,62,62 Brunei Darus,,,100, ,,,,,,,95, ,,,,,,,,,,,, Cambodia,,,,,,,53,58,,,,,,,25,29,,,,,,,30,34 China,,,,,87,93,94,92,,,,,68,89,66,68,,,,,73,90,75,77 Cyprus,100,94,,100,100,,100,100,92,96,,100,100,,100,100,95 ,95 ,,100 ,100,,100,100 East Timor,,,,,,,,73,,,,,,,,51,,,,,,,,52 Gaza Strip,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Georgia,,,,,,,,90,,,,,,,,61,,,,,,,,76 Hong Kong,,,100, ,100,,,,,,95, ,96,,,,,,,,100,,, India,60,80,77,76,86,85,92,96,6,18,31,50,69,79,86,82,17 ,31 ,42 ,56 ,73,81,88,86 Indonesia,10,41,35,43,35,78,91,89,1,4,19,36,33,54,65,69,3 ,11 ,23 ,38 ,34,62,76,78 Iran,68,76,82, ,100,89,99,98,11,30,50, ,75,77,89,83,35 ,51 ,66 ,,89,83,95,93 Iraq,83,100,,100,93,,96,97,7,11,54,54,41,,48,50,51 ,66 ,,86 ,78,44,85,81 Israel,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100 Japan,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100 Jordan,98,,100,100,100,,100,91,59,,65,88,97,,84,91,77 ,,86 ,96 ,99,89,96,91 Kazakhstan,,,,,,,98,96,,,,,,,82,72,,,,,,,91,86 Korea DPR,,,, ,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100 Korea Rep,84,95,86,90,100,,97,97,38,33,61,48,76,,71,71,58 ,66 ,75 ,75 ,93,,92,92 Kuwait,60,100,86,97,,,,,,,100, ,,,,,51 ,89 ,87 ,,,,, Kyrgyzstan,,,,,,,98,98,,,,,,,66,66,,,,,,,77,76 Laos,97,100,28, ,47,40,59,66,39,32,20, ,25,39,100,38,48 ,41 ,21 ,,29,39,90,43 Lebanon,,,,,,100,100,100,,,,,,100,100,100,,,,,,100,100,100 Macau,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Malaysia,100,100,90,96,96,,,96,1,6,49,76,66,,94,94,29 ,34 ,63 ,84 ,79,,,95 Maldives,,,11,58,77,98,100,99,,,3,12,68,86,100,78,,,2 ,21 ,,89,100,84 Mongolia,,,,,100,,77,87,,,,,58,,30,30,,,,,82,,60,62 Myanmar (Burma),35,31,38,36,79,36,88,95,13,14,15,24,72,39,60,74,18 ,17 ,21 ,27 ,74,38,68,80 Nepal,53,85,83,70,66,66,85,93,,5,7,25,34,41,80,82,2 ,8 ,11 ,28 ,38,44,81,84 Oman, ,100,,90,,,41,81,,48,,49,,,30,72,,52 ,,53 ,,63,39,79 Pakistan,77,75,72,83,82,77,96,95,4,5,20,27,42,52,84,87,21 ,25 ,35 ,44 ,55,60,88,90 Philippines,67,82,49,49,93,93,92,90,20,31,43,54,72,77,80,77,36 ,50 ,45 ,52 ,81,85,87,85 Qatar,100,100,76, ,100,,,100,75,83,43, ,,,,100,95 ,97 ,71 ,,,,,100 Saudi Arabia,100,97,92,100,,,100,97,37,56,87,88,,,64,,49 ,64 ,90 ,94 ,,,95, Singapore,,,100,100,100,,100,100,,,,,,,,,,,100 ,100 ,100,,100,100 Sri Lanka,46,36,65,82,80,43,91,99,14,13,18,29,55,47,80,72,21 ,19 ,28 ,40 ,60,46,83,78 Syria,98,,98, ,,92,94,94,50,,54, ,,78,64,64,71 ,,74 ,,,85,80,79 Tajikistan,,,,,,,,93,,,,,,,,47,,,,,,,,58 Thailand,60,69,65,56,,,89,95,10,16,63,66,85,,77,80,17 ,25 ,63 ,64 ,,,80,85 Turkey,,,95, ,,,82,96,,,62, ,,,84,87,,,76 ,,,,83,93 Turkmenistan,,,,,,,,93,,,,,,,,54,,,,,,,,71 United Arab Emirates,,,95, ,,,,,,,81, ,,,,,,,92 ,,,,, Uzbekistan,,,,,,,96,97,,,,,,,78,84,,,,,,,85,89 Vietnam,,,,70,47,53,81,93,,,32,39,33,32,50,67,,,,45 ,36,36,56,73 Yemen A R,45,,100,100,,,85,74,2,,18,25,,,64,68,4 ,,31 ,40 ,,,69,69 Yemen Dem,88,,85, ,,,85,,43,,25, ,,,64,,57 ,,52 ,,,,69, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, OCEANIA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, American Samoa,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100, Australia,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100 Cook Islands,,,100,99,100,,100,98,,,,88,100,,100,88,,,,92 ,,,100,95 Fiji,78,89,94, ,96,100,43,,15,56,66,,69,100,51,,37 ,69 ,77 ,,80,100,47, French Polyneisa,,,,,100,,100,100,,,,,18,,100,100,,,,,,,100,100 Guam,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,100 Kiribati,,,93, ,91,,82,77,,,25, ,63,,25,53,,,,,,,47,64 Marshall Islands,,,,,100,,,80,,,,,45,,,95,,,,,,,,85 Micronesia,,,,,,100,,95,,,,,38,100,,94,,,,,,100,,94 Nauru,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, New Caledonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, New Zealand,,,,,,,100,100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Niue,,,,,0,100,100,100,,,,100,100,100,100,100,,,,,,100,100,100 Northern Mariana Islands,,,,,100,,,98,,,,,0,,,97,,,,,,,,98 Palau,,,,,100,,100,79,,,,,97,,20,94,,,,,,,79,84 Papua New Guinea,44,30,55,95,94,84,88,88,72,19,10,15,20,17,32,32,70 ,20 ,16 ,26 ,32,28,42,39 Pitcairn,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Samoa,86,100,97, ,100,,95,91, ,23,94, ,77,,100,88,17 ,43 ,,,,,99,88 Solomon Islands,,,96, ,82,,94,94, ,,45,,58,,65,65, ,,,,62,,71,70 Tokelau,,,,,,100,,,,,,100,,100,,89,,,,,,100,, Tonga,100,100,86,99,92,100,100,100,53,71,70,99,98,100,100,100,63 ,83 ,17 ,99 ,96,100,100,100 Tuvalu,,,,100,,100,100,94,,,,100,,95,100,92,,,,,,98,100,93 Vanuatu,,,65,95,,,63,85,,,53,54,,,94,52,,,,64 ,,,88,60 Wallis and Futuna Islands,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Western Samoa,,,97,75,,,,,,,94,67,,,,,,,,69 ,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, EUROPE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Albania,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,95,,,,,,,,97 Hungary,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,98,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Netherlands,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Republic of Moldova,,,,,,,,97,,,,,,,,88,,,,,,,,92,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Romania,,,,,,,,91,,,,,,,,16,,,,,,,,57,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Russian Federation,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,88,,,,,,,,96,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Serbia and Montenegro,,,,,,,,99,,,,,,,,86,,,,,,,,93,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ukraine,,,,,,,,100,,,,,,,,94,,,,,,,,98,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Sources:,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1993,WHO 1996,WHO 2000,WHO/UNICEF 2004,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1993,WHO 1996,WHO 2000,WHO/UNICEF 2004,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,UNEP 1989; WRI 1988,Calculated from UNEP 1993,WHO 1996,WHO 2000,WHO/UNICEF 2004,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "The UN considers all European countries, except those shown, to have 100 percent water supply and sanitation coverage.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Sources,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "UNEP. 1989. United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental data report, GEMS Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "UNEP. 1993. United Nations Environment Programme, 1993–94. Environmental data report, GEMS Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre in cooperation with the World Resources Institute and the UK Department of the Environment, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "WHO. 1996. World Health Organization. Water supply and sanitation sector monitoring report: 1996 (Sector status as of 1994), in collaboration with the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council and the United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF, New York.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, WHO. 2000. World Health Organization. Global water supply and sanitation assessment 2000 report. http://www.who.int/docstore/water_sanitation_health/Globassessment/GlobalTOC.htm.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "WRI. 1988. World Health Organization data, cited by the World Resources Institute, World resources 1988–89, World Resources Institute and the International Institute for Environment and Development in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme, Basic Books, New York.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, © 2007 Pacific Institute. May be republished with permission.