{ "count": 2757, "page": 1, "limit": 10000, "markers": [ { "title": "Lagash-Umma dispute in ancient Sumeria over water and irrigation leads to a century of conflict", "date": "2500 BC", "country": "Sumeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 45.87400000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "description": "The dispute over water and irrigated lands in the Gu'edena (the \"edge of paradise\") region, between the Sumerian city-states of Umma and Lagash, lasts for a century in the first known water conflict. ", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tigris River dammed in ancient dispute in Babylon", "date": "1720-1684 BC", "country": "Sumeria, Babylonia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.48479999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 42.88380000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "description": "A grandson of Hammurabi, Abish or Abi-Eshuh, dams the Tigris to prevent the retreat of rebels led by Iluma-Ilum, who declares the independence of Babylon. This failed attempt marks the decline of the Sumerians who had reached their apex under Hammurabi.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kishon River floods and contributes to the defeat of Sisera in the biblical battle between the Israelites and the Canaanites", "date": "circa 1300 BC", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.62950000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 35.18509999999999848796505830250680446624755859375, "description": "The Old Testament gives an account of the defeat of Sisera and his \"nine hundred chariots of iron' by the unmounted army of Barak on the fabled Plains of Esdraelon in the Battle of Mount Tabor between the Israelites and the Canaanites. In this account, God sends heavy rainfall in the mountains, and the Kishon River overflows the plain and immobilizes or destroys Sisera's forces (\"...the earth trembled, and the heavens dropped, and the clouds also dropped water,\" Judges 5:4; \"...The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon,' Judges 5:21).", "sources": [ "Scofield 1967" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assyrian king Sargon II uses water as a weapon and target during multiple campaigns", "date": "720-705 BC", "country": "Assyria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 40, "lng": 45, "description": "In several military campaigns, King Sargon II of Assyria and his opponents both use water as a weapon and a target, damaging wells, diverting and destroying irrigation canals, and flooding lands for offensive and defensive purposes.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994", "Melville 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sennacherib razes Babylon and diverts an irrigation canal to wash over the ruins", "date": "705-682 BC", "country": "Assyria, Babylonia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.5388999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "lng": 44.418599999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "description": "In quelling rebellious Assyrians in 695 BCE, Sennacherib razes Babylon and diverts one of the principal irrigation canals so that its waters wash over the ruins.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hezekiah stops springs in advance of Assyrian invasion led by Sennacherib", "date": "701 BC", "country": "Assyria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.469999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 35.11999999999999744204615126363933086395263671875, "description": "When King Hezekiah of Judah sees that Sennacherib of Assyria is coming in war, he has springs and a brook outside Jerusalem stopped to keep water from the Assyrians. (\"So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all the fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, saying, Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water\" 2 Chronicles 32:1\"4).", "sources": [ "Scofield 1967" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assyrian king cuts off water of enemy in siege of Tyre", "date": "681-699 BC", "country": "Assyria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.26970000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "lng": 35.21249999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "Esarhaddon, an Assyrian, refers to an earlier period when gods, angered by insolent mortals, created destructive floods. According to inscriptions recorded during his reign, Esarhaddon besieges Tyre, cutting off food and water.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assyrian king dries up enemy's wells in a war against Elam", "date": "669-626 BC", "country": "Assyria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 29.89999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 52.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "Ashurbanipal's inscriptions also refer to a siege against Tyre, although scholars attribute it to Esarhaddon. In campaigns against both Arabia and Elam in 645 BCE, Ashurbanipal, son of Esarhaddon, dries up wells to deprive Elamite troops. He also guards wells from Arabian fugitives in an earlier Arabian war. On his return from victorious battle against Elam, Ashurbanipal floods the city of Sapibel, and ally of Elam. According to inscriptions, he dams the Ulai River with the bodies of dead Elamite soldiers and deprives dead Elamite kings of their food and water offerings.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Khosr River diverted by Babylonians to cause a flood to support an attack on Nineveh", "date": "612 BC", "country": "Assyria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.36670000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 43.14999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "A coalition of Egyptian, Median (Persian), and Babylonian forces attacks and destroys Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. Nebuchadnezzar's father, Nabopolassar, leads the Babylonians. The converging armies divert the Khosr River to create a flood, which allows them to elevate their siege engines on rafts.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nebuchadnezzar uses Euphrates River as defense of Babylon", "date": "605-562 BC", "country": "Babylonia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.5364000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "lng": 44.4207999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Nebuchadnezzar builds immense walls around Babylon, using the Euphrates and canals as defensive moats surrounding the inner castle.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994", "Drower 1954" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assyrians poison wells of enemies", "date": "6th Century BC", "country": "Assyria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.47999999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "lng": 42.88000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Assyrians poison the wells of their enemies with rye ergot.", "sources": [ "Eitzen and Takafuji 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hellebore is used to poison water supplies during the Cirraean War, at the beginning of the 6th century BCE", "date": "600-585 BC", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.42999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 22.451299999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "description": "Athenian legislator Solon reportedly has roots of Helleborus thrown into a small river or aqueduct leading from the Pleistrus River to Cirrha during a siege of this city. The enemy forces become violently ill and are defeated as a result. Some accounts have Solon building a dam across the Plesitus River cutting off the city's water supply. Such practices are widespread.", "sources": [ "Absolute Astronomy n.d.", "Hippocrates 1990" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Forces under Nebuchadnezzar breach an aqueduct to end siege of the ancient city of Tyre", "date": "596 BC", "country": "Babylonia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.270499999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "lng": 35.203800000000001091393642127513885498046875, "description": "Nebuchadnezzar breaches the aqueduct that supplies the city of Tyre in order to end a long siege.", "sources": [ "Lorenz and Shaver 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cyrus diverts the Diyalah River during his war against Nabonidus in Babylon", "date": "558-528 BC", "country": "Babylonia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34, "lng": 45, "description": "On his way from Sardis to defeat Nabonidus at Babylon, Cyrus faces a powerful tributary of the Tigris, probably the Diyalah. According to Herodotus' account, the river drowns his royal white horse and presents a formidable obstacle to his march. Cyrus, angered by the \"insolence\" of the river, halts his army and orders them to cut 360 canals to divert the river's flow. Other historians argue that Cyrus needed the water to maintain his troops on their southward journey, while another asserts that the construction was an attempt to win the confidence of the locals.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cyrus diverts the Euphrates in his attack on Babylon", "date": "539 BC", "country": "Babylonia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.5388999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "lng": 44.418599999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "description": "According to Herodotus, Cyrus invades Babylon by diverting the Euphrates above the city and marching troops along the dry riverbed. This popular account describes a midnight attack that coincided with a Babylonian feast.", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The city of Jinyang is flooded by the army of Zhi Yao in central China", "date": "454 BCE", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.883499999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "lng": 112.5330000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "In 454 BCE, during a conflict between the Jin and Zhao clans in central China, Zhi Yao of Jin builds a dam to divert the Fen River to inundate the city of Jinyang (now Taiyuan).", "sources": [ "Qian and Watson 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Spartans poison cisterns of Piraeus during the Peloponnesian War", "date": "430 BC", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.9500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 23.63329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "During the second year of the Peloponnesian War, a plague breaks out in Athens. The Spartans are accused of poisoning the cisterns of the Piraeus, the source of most of Athens' water.", "sources": [ "Tschanz 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water is used as a weapon in the battle of Delium, 424 BC", "date": "424 BC", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.07419999999999760120772407390177249908447265625, "lng": 21.824400000000000687805368215776979923248291015625, "description": "In the battle of Delium, the Athenians are at war with the Theban Confederacy. It is a custom at that time not to damage sacred areas, such as the waters at the Delium temple. In this conflict, however, the Athenians foul the temple waters and destroy local vineyards and agricultural fields for a short-term military advantage.", "sources": [ "Hanson 1995", "Finch 1996" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Alexander tears down Persian dams and defensive weirs along the Tigris River", "date": "355-323 BC", "country": "Babylonia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.5364000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "lng": 44.4207999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Returning from the razing of Persepolis, Alexander proceeds to India. After the Indian campaigns, he heads back to Babylon via the Persian Gulf and the Tigris, where he tears down defensive weirs that the Persians had constructed along the river. The Greek historian Arrian describes Alexander's disdain for the Persians' attempt to block navigation, which he saw as \"unbecoming to men who are victorious in battle.\"", "sources": [ "Hatami and Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Alexander the Great conquers Cyropolis by infiltrating the city through a dried up waterway", "date": "329 BCE", "country": "Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.20349999999999823785401531495153903961181640625, "lng": 69.2339999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "description": "Alexander the Great subdues the city of Cyropolis in 329 BC by laying siege to the city and sneaking through a dried-up watercourse that went under the town's wall, opening the city gates and admitting his invading army.", "sources": [ "Arrian 1971" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese Qin general Bai Qi floods the city of Yicheng, reportedly drowning hundreds of thousands ", "date": "278 BCE", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.730199999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "lng": 112.2579999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "description": "In 278 BCE, Qin general Bai Qi attacks the capital of the state of Chu, flooding the city (now Yicheng) from the Yangtze River, and reportedly drowning hundreds of thousands of people.", "sources": [ "Qian and Watson 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During the Chinese wars of unification an army redirects the waters of the Yellow River killing over 100,000 people", "date": "225 BC", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.79860000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "lng": 114.3070000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "description": "In 225 BC, a 600,000-strong Qin army led by Wang Ben during Qin's wars of unification laid seige to Daliang (present day Kaifeng, Henan, China). Wang Ben ordered his troops to redirect the waters from the Yellow River and the Hong Canal to flood Daliang and after three months of laboring, succeeded in their plan. Daliang was heavily flooded and over 100,000 people died, including civilians.", "sources": [ "Bodde 1987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Parthian king Arsaces III destroys a water-supply system to slow the attacking army of Seleucid Antiochus", "date": "210 BC", "country": "Iran, Parthian Empire", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.39779999999999660076355212368071079254150390625, "lng": 54.903199999999998226485331542789936065673828125, "description": "Around 210 BCE, Arsaces III, one of the Parthian kings, destroys qanats (underground channels) in order to make it difficult for the attacking army of Seleucid Antiochus to advance toward the Parthian capital, Hecatompylos.", "sources": [ "Angelakis et al 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Wei River dams in China are intentionally breached in 204 BC", "date": "204 BC", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.8616999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "lng": 104.19499999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "description": "An intentional rupturing of the Wei River dams leads to the victory of Han Dynasty forces.", "sources": [ "Janku 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Thousands are drowned when Chinese general traps and then releases water during battles in 204 BCE", "date": "204 BCE", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.1989999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "lng": 108.256000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "In 204 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin Dynasty and during extensive battles before the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Han general Han Xin lures an opposing Chu army into the Wei River and releases water held back by a dam, trapping and drowning thousands.", "sources": [ "Qian and Watson 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Achaeans use water as a weapon in the siege of Phana", "date": "2nd century BC", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.07419999999999760120772407390177249908447265625, "lng": 21.82430000000000092086338554508984088897705078125, "description": "Pausanias speaks of an Etolian town named Phana (perhaps the Paeanium of Polybius) besieged by the Achaeans, but without success. After an unsuccessful consultation with the Oracle of Delphi, the Achaeans accidentally discover the spring from which the besieged town derives its only supply of water. This being cut off, the town is forced to surrender.", "sources": [ "Cramer 1828" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water is used as a weapon in 101 BCE China in the siege of Fergana (Yuan)", "date": "101 BC", "country": "China, Japan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.8616999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "lng": 104.19499999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "description": "Fergana (Yuan), the capital of China, surrenders after the enemy cuts off the city's water supplies. \"In the city of the king of Yuan there were no wells, and the people had to obtain water from a river outside the city, whereupon experts in hydraulics were sent to divert the course of the river, thus depriving the city of water, besides effecting an opening though which the city might be laid open to access. General Ir-shi wished to attack Yu-chong but was afraid his detention might allow Yuan to resort to additional stratagems. He therefore went direct to Yuan, cut off the source of its water supply by diverting the course of the river upon which it depended, and the city was in great straits.\" ", "sources": [ "Hirth 1917" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Caesar constructs ditches as part of his blocade in the Siege of Alesia", "date": "52 BC", "country": "Roman Empire", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 47.53750000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 4.49082999999999987750243235495872795581817626953125, "description": "Caesar constructs water-filled ditches as blockade during Siege of Alesia in Gaul, site of modern-day Alise-Sainte-Reine in Côte-d'Or near Dijon, France.", "sources": [ "Caesar 52 BC" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Caesar attacks water supplies during the siege of Uxellodunum", "date": "51 BC", "country": "Roman Empire", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 44.9500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 1.6799999999999999378275106209912337362766265869140625, "description": "Caesar attacks water supplies during siege of Uxellodunum by undermining one of the local springs and placing attackers near the other. Shortage of water leads to the surrender of the Gauls.", "sources": [ "History of War Online n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Massilia (modern-day Marseille) uses water to defend against Roman siege by Julius Caesar", "date": "49 BC", "country": "Roman Empire", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.29639999999999844249032321386039257049560546875, "lng": 5.36995000000000022311041902867145836353302001953125, "description": "During the first year of the Great Roman Civil War, Julius Caesar's troops lay siege to the walled city of Massilia (modern-day Marseille, France) using siege towers, battering rams, and by digging \"mines\" or tunnels to undermine the city walls. Massilians defend their city with \"dogged determination;\" tactics included directing water through pipes to wash down on attackers, which the Romans counter by covering siege buildings with bricks and \"several coatings of stucco.\" Defenders also excavate a large basin inside the walls, filling it with water. As the Roman miners reach the walls, the tunnels are flooded with water and collapse. Massilia ultimately surrenders after a five-month siege.", "sources": [ "Illustrated History of the Roman Empire n.d.", "Caesar 1906" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Alexandria’s water supply disrupted during siege against Julius Caesar", "date": "48 BC", "country": "Egypt, Roman Empire", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.20009999999999905639924691058695316314697265625, "lng": 29.91870000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "description": "In 48 BCE, Julius Caesar is besieged in Alexandria. General Ganimedes, chief of operations against Caesar, blocks the town’s water supply, causing panic in Caesar’s army. “By encouragement and reasoning Caesar allayed his men’s alarm, declaring that sweet water could be found in wells and trenches… whereupon a great quantity of sweet water was discovered.”", "sources": [ "Caesar et al 1955" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Jewish protestors killed by Roman troops in protest over stream diversion", "date": "30", "country": "Roman Empire, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.480000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "lng": 35.13000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Roman Procurator Pontius Pilate uses sacred money to divert a stream to Jerusalem, Israel. The Jews are angered at the diversion and tens of thousands gather to protest. Pilate's soldiers mingle among the crowd and with daggers hidden in their garments, attack the protesters. \"A great number\" are slain and wounded.", "sources": [ "Josephus 90 AD" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Chinese warlord Cao Cao floods the city of Xiapi at the end of the Han Dynasty in 199, forcing its surrender", "date": "199", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.3376999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "lng": 118.0100000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "description": "In 199 AD at the end of the Han Dynasty, the warlord Cao Cao besieges the city of Xiapi (modern Pizhou) in eastern China, rerouting the rivers Yi and Si, and flooding the city, forcing its ultimate surrender.", "sources": [ "Qian and Watson 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Goths cut aqueducts in their siege of Rome", "date": "537", "country": "Roman Empire", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.89529999999999887450030655600130558013916015625, "lng": 12.4822000000000006281197784119285643100738525390625, "description": "In the 6th century AD, as the Roman Empire begins to decline, the Goths besiege Rome and cut almost all of the aqueducts leading into the city. In 537 AD this siege is successful. The only aqueduct that continues to function is the Aqua Virgo, which runs almost entirely underground.", "sources": [ "Rome Guide 2004", "InfoRoma 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "To win a battle forces in Korea drown thousands of Chinese soldiers by building a dam and then releasing the water", "date": "612", "country": "Korea, China", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.03920000000000101181285572238266468048095703125, "lng": 125.76200000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "The Goguryeo–Sui War launched by the Sui dynasty of China in the seventh century includes an attack by 300,000 troops against Pyongyang, the capital of Goguryeo. During the attack in 612, Goguryeo General Eulji Mundeok cuts off the flow of water in the Salsu river with a dam. When Sui troops reached the river, Mundeok opened the dam, flooding and killing thousands of enemy soldiers.", "sources": [ "Ki-baik 1984", "HistoryMaps 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Tang Dynasty general Li Shimin builds and breaches a levee to flood the army of Liu Heit in China", "date": "622", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 22.11619999999999919282345217652618885040283203125, "lng": 107.518000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "In 622 AD, between the end of the Sui Dynasty and the start of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang general Li Shimin builds and then breaches a levee to defeat the rebel lord Liu Heit.", "sources": [ "Qian and Watson 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water Siege at the Battle of Karbala was a pivotal event in Islamic history, with the use of the Euphrates River as a weapon", "date": "680", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.58250000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "lng": 44.2126999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "description": "In a pivotal event in Islamic history known as the Siege at the Battle of Karbala, water is used as a weapon by the Umayyad caliph Yazid's army against Imam Hussein bin Ali, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. During the siege, water from the Euphrates River is cut off from Hussein's forces.", "sources": [ "Inloes 2024", "Hussain 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Chinese governor of Kaifeng in 1128 breaches dikes along the Yellow River in an effort to stop an advancing army", "date": "1128", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.92269999999999896544977673329412937164306640625, "lng": 114.393000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "During the Chinese Jurchen “kingdom” (c. 1115 to 1234 AD) the governor of Kaifeng breaches the dikes along the Yellow River in a final, but futile effort to halt the advance of the Jurchen forces.", "sources": [ "Chen et al. 2012", "Storozum et al. 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In 1155 AD, in Tortona, Italy, Emperor Barbarossa poisons wells with human bodies", "date": "1155", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 44.89560000000000172803993336856365203857421875, "lng": 8.8616200000000002745537130977027118206024169921875, "description": "In 1155 AD, in Tortona, Italy, 12th-century Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa poisons wells with human bodies.", "sources": [ "Rathish et al. 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saladin cuts off Crusaders' water", "date": "1187", "country": "Principality of Galilee", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.8070000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "lng": 35.45360000000000155750967678613960742950439453125, "description": "Saladin is able to defeat the Crusaders at the Horns of Hattin in 1187 by denying them access to water. In some reports, Saladin fills all the wells along the way with sand and destroys the villages of the Maronite Christians who would supply the Christian army with water.", "sources": [ "Lockwood 2001", "Delli Priscoli 1998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Victims of a Viking conflict are tossed into a drinking water well and the water supply destroyed", "date": "1197", "country": "Norway", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 63.41770000000000351292328559793531894683837890625, "lng": 10.353699999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "description": "In the year 1197, King Sverre Sigurdsson and Birkebeiner mercenaries are attacked and defeated by his rivals, the Baglers, in Sverresborg castle. A Viking legend tells that the Baglers destroy the buildings there as well as the freshwater supply of the castle, by disposing of victims in the well and filling it with stones. Recent archeological evidence confirms this legend.", "sources": [ "Einem 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mongols open dikes to flood the opposing Abbasid army as a prelude to attacking Baghdad", "date": "1258", "country": "Mongol Empire and Abbasid Caliphate", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3661000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "description": "During the siege of Baghdad in 1258, Mongol forces break the levees of the Dujayl Canal and flood the camp of the opposing Abbasid army, drowning many and opening the way for the final attack on Baghdad.", "sources": [ "Hua 2019", "Boyle 1968" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water-supply canals and reservoirs are destroyed in Mughal, India in local protests over social and political conditions", "date": "1260", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.29860000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "lng": 74.8550000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "description": "Historian M. Athar Ali writes that in Mughal India, in the 1260s, the water canals and reservoirs feeding Delhi were intentionally dried up \"because the channels feeding it were dammed up by 'dishonest men,'\" referring to local protests over social and political conditions.", "sources": [ "Sethi 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A flooding attempt by the Republic of Florence backfires", "date": "1440", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.8430000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "lng": 10.507400000000000517275111633352935314178466796875, "description": "Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi develops a project to use the waters of the Serchio River to flood Lucca. During the attempt to change the course of the water, Lucca builds its own weir and instead of flooding the town, the water is diverted back into the fields flooding the Florentine camp.", "sources": [ "Atkins 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Vlad the Impaler poisons wells in his battle with the Ottoman Empire in 1462", "date": "1462", "country": "Romania", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.8890999999999991132426657713949680328369140625, "lng": 25.96900000000000119371179607696831226348876953125, "description": "Prince Vlad III of Wallachia (Vlad the Impaler) poisoned wells in his battle with the Ottoman Empire and Sultan Mehmed II in 1462.", "sources": [ "Rivero 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A siege during the Flemish revolt against Maximilian of Austria ends when a farmer diverts water from a moat", "date": "1490", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 52.18010000000000303543856716714799404144287109375, "lng": 5.7898399999999998755129126948304474353790283203125, "description": "A siege against the Flemish succeeds when water in a moat is diverted away during the revolt by Flemish cities against Austrian rule.", "sources": [ "Spijkers 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Machiavelli and Leonardo da Vinci develop a plan to cut Pisa's water", "date": "1503", "country": "Republic of Florence", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.78419999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": 11.2094000000000004746425474877469241619110107421875, "description": "Leonardo da Vinci and Machiavelli plan to divert Arno River away from Pisa during conflict between Pisa and Florence (Italy).", "sources": [ "Honan 1996" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dutch flood land to repel Spaniards during the eighty years war, in what became known as the Dutch Water Line strategy", "date": "1573-1574", "country": "Spanish Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 52.63199999999999789679350215010344982147216796875, "lng": 4.75100000000000033395508580724708735942840576171875, "description": "In 1573 at the beginning of the eighty years war against Spain, the Dutch flood the land to break the siege of Spanish troops on the town Alkmaar. The same defense is used to protect Leiden in 1574. This strategy becomes known as the Dutch Water Line and is used frequently for defense in later years.", "sources": [ "Dutch Water Line 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kenshin defeats Nobunaga forces in Japan by opening floodgates on the Tedori River", "date": "1577", "country": "Japan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.52579999999999671445038984529674053192138671875, "lng": 136.491999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "description": "During the Battle of Tedorigawa in 1577 in Japan’s Kaga Province between the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Uesugi Kensin, Kensin orders floodgates on the Tedori River to be opened, killing Oda clan troops and repulsing their attack.", "sources": [ "Acearchive 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seawalls intentionally breached to relieve towns besieged by the Spanish during the Dutch war of independence against Spain", "date": "1584", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.35459999999999780584403197281062602996826171875, "lng": 4.1686800000000001631406121305190026760101318359375, "description": "In order to relieve Antwerp, Campen, and Terneuzen during the Dutch war against the Spanish, seawalls are destroyed at Saeftinghe in February 1584, flooding more than 25,000 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood more than 7,500 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the Eighty Years War with the Spanish Empire", "date": "1586", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.3053000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "lng": 3.87760000000000015774048733874224126338958740234375, "description": "The Dutch flood more than 7,500 hectares near Axel in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the Eighty Years War with the Spanish Empire.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood more than 5,500 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during a conflict with the Portuguese", "date": "1621", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.3215000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 3.849979999999999957793761495850048959255218505859375, "description": "The Dutch flood more than 5,500 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during a conflict with the Portuguese.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Spain attempts to re-route Rhine River to damage the Dutch economy", "date": "1626-1629", "country": "Spanish Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.36699999999999732835931354202330112457275390625, "lng": 6.1669999999999998152588887023739516735076904296875, "description": "The Spanish Habsburgs attempt to prevent ship traffic on the River Rhine from reaching the Dutch Republic in order to damage the Dutch economy. Plans are also made to divert water from the Rhine to lands under Spanish control, to dry up downstream cities in Holland. The first stage is a canal between the Rhine and Meuse, between the cities of Rheinberg and Venlo. Plans for a later stage call for a connection between the Meuse and the Scheldt to circumvent the Scheldt Estuary, controlled by the Dutch. Although some 60 kms are constructed, the plan fails due to changed military conditions and lack of funding. Parts of the canal are still visible in present-day Germany.", "sources": [ "Israel 1997", "Bachiene 1791" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "300,000 deaths when Yellow River dikes are breached in 1642", "date": "1642", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.79729999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 114.3080000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "In 1642, in a battle between the incoming Manchu and the forces of the Ming dynasty, the Huang He River (Yellow River) dikes are breached by both sides, creating a catastrophe for Kaifeng in which 300,000 of its 378,000 citizens die.", "sources": [ "Hillel 1991", "Janku 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dutch flood land to repel French attack on the Netherlands", "date": "1672", "country": "Dutch Republic", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 52, "lng": 5, "description": "Louis XIV starts the third of the Dutch Wars in 1672, in which the French overrun the Netherlands. In defense, the Dutch open their dikes and flood the country, creating a watery barrier that is virtually impenetrable.", "sources": [ "Columbia Encyclopedia 2000b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood around 3,500 hectares during a conflict with England, France, and two German electors", "date": "1672", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.33409999999999939745976007543504238128662109375, "lng": 3.80778999999999978598452798905782401561737060546875, "description": "The Dutch flood around 3,500 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen and Flanders area during a conflict with England, France, and two German electors.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood around 775 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the War of the Spanish Succession", "date": "1702-1713", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.3374000000000023646862246096134185791015625, "lng": 3.81782999999999983486986820935271680355072021484375, "description": "The Dutch flood around 775 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the War of the Spanish Succession.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood more than 2,200 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the War of Austrian Succession", "date": "1747-1749", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.31589999999999918145476840436458587646484375, "lng": 3.81524000000000018673063095775432884693145751953125, "description": "The Dutch flood more than 2,200 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the War of Austrian Succession.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fire set in 1748 New York water dispute", "date": "1748", "country": "British Colonies in America", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 40.675600000000002864908310584723949432373046875, "lng": -73.97100000000000363797880709171295166015625, "description": "Ferry house on Brooklyn shore of East River burns down. New Yorkers accuse Brooklynites of having set the fire as revenge for unfair East River water rights.", "sources": [ "Museum of the City of New York (MCNY) n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "British attack the water system of New York during the Revolutionary War", "date": "1777", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.757800000000003137756721116602420806884765625, "lng": -73.98529999999999517967808060348033905029296875, "description": "British and Hessians attack the water-works system of New York: \"...the enemy wantonly destroyed the New York water works' during the War for Independence.\"", "sources": [ "Thatcher 1827" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood around than 1,300 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the Anglo-Dutch wars", "date": "1784-1785", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.33919999999999816964191268198192119598388671875, "lng": 3.800359999999999960351715344586409628391265869140625, "description": "The Dutch flood around than 1,300 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during the Anglo-Dutch wars.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood around than 9,500 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during a conflict with the French", "date": "1794-1795", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.32719999999999771489456179551780223846435546875, "lng": 3.8594699999999999562305674771778285503387451171875, "description": "The Dutch flood around than 9,500 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during a conflict with the French.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Napoleon floods the plains around Mantua, Italy, to enhance the spread of malaria", "date": "1797", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 45.15650000000000119371179607696831226348876953125, "lng": 10.7887000000000004007461029686965048313140869140625, "description": "Napoleon floods the plains around Mantua, Italy, to enhance the spread of malaria.", "sources": [ "Riedel 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Wells polluted during the slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue, Hispaniola", "date": "1802", "country": "Saint-Domingue, Hispaniola", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.490100000000001756461642798967659473419189453125, "lng": -69.9381000000000057070792536251246929168701171875, "description": "A leader of the slave rebellion on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean, Toussaint L'Oueverture, says \"The only resources we have are destruction and fire. Annihilate everything and burn everything. Block the roads, pollute the wells with corpses and dead horses.\" ", "sources": [ "Hochschild 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Napoleon attempts to re-route Rhine River to harm Dutch", "date": "1804", "country": "Germany", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.2000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 6.69399999999999995026200849679298698902130126953125, "description": "Napoleon orders the construction of a canal between Neuss and Venlo, to connect the Rhine and Meuse rivers, to divert trade from the Batavia Republic to the Southern Netherlands, then under French control. Three-quarters of the canal are completed, but work stops because of lack of funds.", "sources": [ "Israel 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The French flood lands in the Netherlands to try to stop a British attack on Napolean's forces", "date": "1809", "country": "Netherlands, France, United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.442599999999998772182152606546878814697265625, "lng": 3.573799999999999865707422941341064870357513427734375, "description": "During the effort of Britain to attack France's naval capacity in their fight against Napolean, they attempted to seize control of Walcheren and the port of Flushing in the Scheldt estuary in the Netherlands. The attack on Flushing was a success, though the French attempted to impeded the besiegers by cutting the dykes and flooding the land occupied by them. The flooding of the land led to a massive outbreak of malaria, typhus and typhoid fever and the British ultimately retreated.", "sources": [ "Hicks 2010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russians destroy local water infrastructure to hinder the invasion by French Emperor Napoleon", "date": "1812", "country": "Russia, France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 52.72079999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "lng": 23.9686999999999983401721692644059658050537109375, "description": "Troops defending Russia against Napoleon’s invasion destroy or pollute existing water-supply infrastructure in order to deny its use by the French in 1812.", "sources": [ "Willig and Hausler 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A reservoir destroyed in Canada over health fears", "date": "1841", "country": "Canada", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 44.35000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": -78.75, "description": "A reservoir in Ops Township, Upper Canada (now Ontario) is destroyed by neighbors who consider it a hazard to health.", "sources": [ "Forkey 1998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A mob destroys reservoir in Ohio over health fears", "date": "1844", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 40.54169999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": -84.640299999999996316546457819640636444091796875, "description": "A reservoir in Mercer County, Ohio is destroyed by a mob that considered it a health hazard.", "sources": [ "Scheiber 1969" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "New Hampshire residents attack dam in dispute over water availability", "date": "1850s", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 43.52799999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": -71.467500000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "Attack on a New Hampshire dam that impounds water for factories downstream by local residents unhappy over its effect on water levels.", "sources": [ "Steinberg 1990" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mobs destroy canals in Indiana over health fears", "date": "1853-1861", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 38.2179000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": -87.4424000000000063437255448661744594573974609375, "description": "Repeated destruction of the banks and reservoirs of the Wabash and Erie Canal in southern Indiana by mobs regarding it as a health hazard.", "sources": [ "Fatout 1972", "Fickle 1983" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water wells are poisoned during the US Civil War", "date": "1860-1865", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.21300000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": -77.4004000000000047521098167635500431060791015625, "description": "General William T. Sherman's memoirs contain an account of Confederate soldiers poisoning ponds by dumping the carcasses of dead animals into them. Other accounts suggest this tactic was used by both sides.", "sources": [ "Eitzen and Takafuji 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US Civil War Confederate forces use dams to cut off Union troops", "date": "1862", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.1972999999999984765963745303452014923095703125, "lng": -76.5671999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "During the US Civil War, Confederate forces near Yorktown use dams to flood the Warwick River and cut off Union troops. \"The enemy is pushed behind a branch of the Warwick River in which they control the depths of water by dams. McClellan did not intend to pass that stream at that time, or at that point where the skirmish took place. But the troops, finding the stream fordable went over (under whose immediate orders does not appear) and the water was then deepened so that they were measurably cut off.\"", "sources": [ "Hitchcock 1862" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Levees are cut by Union forces in Vicksburg, Virginia during the US Civil War", "date": "1863", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 32.357799999999997453414835035800933837890625, "lng": -90.8778999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "description": "General Ulysses S. Grant, during the Civil War campaign against Vicksburg, cut levees in the battle against the Confederates.", "sources": [ "Grant 1885", "Barry 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water violence in New Mexico over water rights", "date": "1870s to 1881", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.07860000000000155750967678613960742950439453125, "lng": -106.0199999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "description": "Recurrent friction and eventual violent conflict over water rights in the vicinity of Tularosa, New Mexico involving villagers, ranchers, and farmers.", "sources": [ "Rasch 1968" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cattlemen fight Texan landowners for access to water and pasture", "date": "1883-1884", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.188299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "lng": -99.1436000000000063892002799548208713531494140625, "description": "Drought in Texas in the early 1880s lead to growing disputes among ranch and land owners and cattlemen looking for access to grass and water for their stock. Cattlemen begin cutting fences to open access to water and pasture in what became known as the \"Texas Fence Cutters Range War.\" At least three men are killed in clashes between fence cutters and ranchmen during this period, until agreements are reached.", "sources": [ "Gard 2010", "Carroll et al 1948" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mob dynamites Ohio reservoir", "date": "1887", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 41.12069999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "lng": -84.587500000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Dynamiting of a canal reservoir in Paulding County, Ohio by a mob regarding it as a health hazard. State Militia called out to restore order.", "sources": [ "Walters 1948" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Canal lock destroyed in Canada", "date": "1890", "country": "Canada", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.00099999999999766941982670687139034271240234375, "lng": -79.2082999999999941564965411089360713958740234375, "description": "Partly successful attempt to destroy a lock on the Welland Canal in Ontario, Canada either by Fenians protesting English Policy in Ireland or by agents of Buffalo, NY grain handlers unhappy at the diversion of trade through the canal.", "sources": [ "Styran and Taylor 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Many are killed during the Johnson County Water War between competing cattle association over access to water resources and land", "date": "1890-1892", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 43.9549999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": -106.4270000000000067075234255753457546234130859375, "description": "The Johnson County Water War (or the War on Powder River) leads to many deaths among competing cattle interests. The conflict is fueled by pressure over water and land during severe droughts and hard winters in Wyoming and on the Great Plains.", "sources": [ "Gleick 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "France and Britain battle over control of the headwaters of the Nile River", "date": "1898", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.73556000000000043570480556809343397617340087890625, "lng": 31.6006000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Military conflict nearly ensues between Britain and France in 1898 when a French expedition attempts to gain control of the headwaters of the White Nile. While the parties ultimately negotiate a settlement of the dispute, the incident is since characterized as having \"dramatized Egypt's vulnerable dependence on the Nile, and fixed the attitude of Egyptian policy-makers ever since.\"", "sources": [ "Moorehead 1960" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A deathly riot arises over the cost of water in Port of Spain, Trinidad ", "date": "1903", "country": "Trinidad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.6742000000000007986500349943526089191436767578125, "lng": -61.51180000000000092086338554508984088897705078125, "description": "In 1903, the government in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad passes an ordinance increasing the price of water following the construction of national waterworks infrastructure. Public meetings are held to protest the increase, culminating in a riot at the seat of government, the Red House. Protestors set the building on fire and during the riot police kill 16 people and injure 42 others.", "sources": [ "Mahoney 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "German colonial troops poison desert water wells", "date": "1904", "country": "German Southwest Africa", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -24.75189999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "lng": 15.2764000000000006451728040701709687709808349609375, "description": "German colonial troops brutally suppress a rebellion by the Herero people of German South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia). General Lothar von Trotha pledges to exterminate the Herero people in what has become known as the Herero and Namaqua Genocide. The Germans drive ethnic Herero and Namaqua populations into the Namib desert leading to massive death from dehydration and starvation; they also reportedly poison desert water wells. Later, the UN estimates that up to 100,000 were killed, or 70% of the Herero population.", "sources": [ "Totten Parsons and Charny 2004", "Kroll 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five sticks of dynamite are found at the town well in Stratford, Iowa, USA but the bomb fails to explode", "date": "1907", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.27150000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "lng": -93.9274999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "Five sticks of dynamite are found at the town well in Stratford, Iowa. The bomb fails to explode because of a faulty fuse.", "sources": [ "Evening Times-Republican 1907" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over fishing and water access kills one in Tennessee", "date": "1908-1909", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.36919999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "lng": -89.4054000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "description": "Violence, including a murder, directed against agents of a land company that claims title to Reelfoot Lake in northwestern Tennessee who attempt to levy charges for fish taken and threaten to drain the lake for agriculture.", "sources": [ "Vanderwood 1969" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two powerful bombs are placed at the aqueduct that carries half of Glasgow, Scotland's water supply but they fail to go off", "date": "1914", "country": "United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 55.86229999999999762394509161822497844696044921875, "lng": -4.27779000000000042547299017314799129962921142578125, "description": "Two powerful bombs are placed at the aqueduct that carries half of Glasgow, Scotland's water supply but they fail to go off. A note stating the destruction of the aqueduct was a protest against the treatment of Emmeline Pankhurst, a leader of the British suffragette movement.", "sources": [ "San Bernardino County Sun 1914" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Belgium floods land in an attempt to stop the German invasion in the First World War", "date": "1914", "country": "Belgium, Germany", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.12839999999999918145476840436458587646484375, "lng": 2.75579999999999980531129040173254907131195068359375, "description": "During the early days of World War I in 1914 when the Germans invade Belgium, the French high command plan to flood land to obstruct the Germans. The plan is postponed because the Belgian army is preparing to flood the area between the Yser and its tributary canals, which happens in late October when the Belgians open the sluices at Nieuwpoort raising the water level until an impassable area is created due to flood water, forcing the Germans to retreat.", "sources": [ "Edmonds 1925" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "German troops poison wells in Southwest Africa (now Namibia)", "date": "1915", "country": "German Southwest Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -22.57469999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 17.080500000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "Union of South African troops capture Windhoek, capital of German Southwest Africa in May 1915. Retreating German troops poison wells - \"a violation of the Hague convention.\"", "sources": [ "Daniel 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During WWI, Germans devastate 30-km strip in 'Operation Alberich,' destroying water utilities to hinder Allied advance", "date": "1917", "country": "France, Germany", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9669999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 6.61047999999999991160848367144353687763214111328125, "description": "Before the scheduled withdrawal of German forces in World War I from the Siegfried Line, the Germans devastate a 30-km-deep strip of land in ‘Operation Alberich’ to deprive advancing Allied troops of basic facilities, including water utilities and water infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Willig and Hausler 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two explosions destroy sections of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, California, USA", "date": "1917", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.661799999999999499777914024889469146728515625, "lng": -118.0259999999999962483343551866710186004638671875, "description": "Two explosions destroy sections of the California aqueduct, in a protest against the diversion of water from the Owens Valley to Los Angeles.", "sources": [ "Los Angeles Times 1917" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers bomb a canal to reduce diversions from a river in Idaho", "date": "1921", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 43.9577000000000026602720026858150959014892578125, "lng": -113.6989999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "description": "Farmers angered by what they saw as excessive diversions from Mackay Reservoir on the Big Lost River in Idaho tried to blow up the dam. Reports say that when the farmers arrived at the dam wall, the operator said they didn’t have enough dynamite to do damage. He suggested targeting a specific diversion canal instead, and the explosion sent water back to the river’s natural channel.", "sources": [ "Wittenberg 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The concrete wall of the Alabama Gates of the Los Angeles Aqueduct is bombed, California, USA", "date": "1924", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.673000000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": -118.0969999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "description": "The concrete wall of the Alabama Gates of the Los Angeles Aqueduct is bombed in protest of the taking of water from the Owens Valley, California.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Yangtze River dikes in China are breached during battles between the National Revolutionary Army and a warlord", "date": "1926", "country": "China ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 30.275800000000000267164068645797669887542724609375, "lng": 114.001000000000004774847184307873249053955078125, "description": "In 1926, the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT) launches a military campaign to reunify China after the 1911 revolution. During battles, forces under the warlord Wu Peifu breach several Yangtze River dikes, temporarily slowing the advancing KMT army.", "sources": [ "Jordan 1976" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A city well feeding the Los Angeles Aqueduct, California, USA is bombed", "date": "1926", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.6779999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "lng": -118.1029999999999944293449516408145427703857421875, "description": "A well feeding the Los Angeles Aqueduct to bring water from the Owens Valley to Los Angeles, California is bombed.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A ten-foot hole is blasted in Los Angeles Aqueduct, California, USA", "date": "1926", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.672100000000000363797880709171295166015625, "lng": -118.09600000000000363797880709171295166015625, "description": "A ten-foot hole is blasted in the Los Angeles Aqueduct near the Alabama Gates, in the ongoing violence protesting diversion of water from the Owens Valley to Los Angeles, California.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A major section of the Los Angeles Aqueduct is destroyed by bombing, California, USA", "date": "1927", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 35.85289999999999821511664777062833309173583984375, "lng": -117.917000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "A large section (the \"No Name Siphon\") of the Los Angeles Aqueduct is destroyed by bombing near Little Lake, California.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water intake to a power plant in Big Pine, California, USA is bombed", "date": "1927", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 37.14240000000000208046913030557334423065185546875, "lng": -118.3239999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "description": "The water intake to the city power plant in Big Pine, California is bombed.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Los Angeles Aqueduct is bombed at Cottonwood Creek near Lone Pine, California, USA", "date": "1927", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.465000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": -118.123999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "description": "The concrete wall of the Los Angeles Aqueduct at Cottonwood Creek below Lone Pine, California is bombed.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Los Angeles Aqueduct is bombed again, near Tuttle Creek, Lone Pine, California, USA", "date": "1927", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.564199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "lng": -118.1509999999999962483343551866710186004638671875, "description": "The concrete wall of the Los Angeles Aqueduct at Tuttle Creek below Lone Pine, California is bombed, blowing a sixteen-foot hole in the aqueduct.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb explodes in an attempt to block the Los Angeles Aqueduct with a landslide, California, USA", "date": "1927", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.5381000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "lng": -118.1089999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "description": "Bomb explodes in the Alabama Hills in an attempt to block the Los Angeles Aqueduct with a landslide.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Los Angeles Aqueduct and control gates are bombed in the Alabama Hills and separately, near Independence, California, USA", "date": "1927", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.5653999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "lng": -118.0919999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "description": "Two sections of aqueduct wall are damaged in separate bombings of the Los Angeles Aqueduct near the Alabama Hills and Independence, California. Control gates are also destroyed.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A section of the Los Angeles Aqueduct is bombed in Kern County, California, USA", "date": "1931", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 35.68180000000000262616595136933028697967529296875, "lng": -117.894000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "A ten-foot section of the Los Angeles Aqueduct is bombed in Kern County, California where the pipeline forms a siphon.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Arizona mobilizes troops to protest Parker Dam and creates the \"Arizona Navy.\"", "date": "1935", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.2965999999999979763742885552346706390380859375, "lng": -114.1389999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "description": "Arizona calls out the National Guard and militia units to the border with California to protest the construction of Parker Dam and diversions from the Colorado River, briefly creating the \"Arizona Navy\"; the dispute ultimately is settled in court.", "sources": [ "Reisner 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dams are attacked during the Spanish Civil War", "date": "1937", "country": "Spain", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.42479999999999762394509161822497844696044921875, "lng": -4.533789999999999764668245916254818439483642578125, "description": "During the Spanish Civil War, two concrete gravity dams, at Burguillo and Ordunte, are attacked by the Nationalist army, with a 2.5-ton charge placed in an inspection gallery at Ordunte. Some limited damage occurs.", "sources": [ "Pagan 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "China destroys flood-control levees along the Yellow River to defend from Japan, with a very high death toll", "date": "1938", "country": "China, Japan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 34.9134999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "lng": 114.1919999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "description": "Chiang Kai-shek orders the destruction of flood-control dikes of the Huayuankou, Henan section of the Huang He (Yellow) River, in order to flood areas threatened by the Japanese army. West of Kaifeng, dikes are destroyed with dynamite, spilling water across the flat plain. Even though the flood destroys part of the invading army and mires its equipment in mud, Wuhan, the headquarters of the Nationalist government is taken by the Japanese in October. Floodwaters cover an area variously estimated as between 3,000 and 50,000 square kilometers, and kill Chinese estimated in numbers between \"tens of thousands\" and \"one million.\"", "sources": [ "Hillel 1991", "Lang 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dutch flood valley to defend from Germany during World War II", "date": "1939-1940", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 52.13329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "lng": 5.45582999999999973539388520293869078159332275390625, "description": "During the mobilization of the Dutch at the beginning of World War II, 1939-40, the Dutch attempt to flood the Gelderse Vallei with the New Dutch Water Defense Line, which had been completed in 1885. During the German invasion in May 1940, large areas are inundated.", "sources": [ "Information and Documentation Center for the Geography of the Netherlands (IDG) 1996" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Japan's Unit 731 poisons wells in China", "date": "1939-1942", "country": "China, Japan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.683300000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "lng": 139.76699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "Japanese chemical and biological weapons activities reportedly include tests by 'Unit 731' against military and civilian targets in China by lacing water wells and reservoirs with typhoid and other pathogens.", "sources": [ "Harris 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "1939 Finns poison wells to combat invading Soviet troops", "date": "1939", "country": "Finland, Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 62.096800000000001773514668457210063934326171875, "lng": 25.7068000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "description": "In the 1939-40 Russo-Finnish Winter War, Finns render wells unusable by putting animal carcasses or feces in them in order to combat invading Soviet forces.", "sources": [ "Trotter 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Finns use canal water against Soviets", "date": "1940", "country": "Finland, Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 61.07860000000000155750967678613960742950439453125, "lng": 28.27329999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "description": "Manipulation of the waters of the Saimaa Canal (Finland) by partisan Finns in order to flood surrounding land and hinder Soviet troop movements during the Soviet-Finnish conflict.", "sources": [ "Malik 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Soviet Union's hydroelectric dams are attacked during World War II", "date": "1941-1943", "country": "Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 55.7287000000000034560798667371273040771484375, "lng": 37.6653000000000020008883439004421234130859375, "description": "World War II inflicts enormous harm to hydroelectricity systems in the Soviet Union. Over two-thirds of the hydroelectric power stations are lost.", "sources": [ "Malik 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dnipro Dam is targeted during World War II by both Soviets and Germans", "date": "1941", "country": "Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.816699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "lng": 35.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "The strategically-important Dnipro hydropower plant in Ukraine is targeted by both Soviet and German troops during WWII. On August 18, 1941, the dam and power plant are dynamited by Soviet troops retreating in front of advancing German forces. The facility is bombed again in 1943 by retreating German troops.", "sources": [ "Pagan 2005", "New York Times, The 1941", "Makarov 2005", "Axis History Forum 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soviets create flood to slow German troops", "date": "1941", "country": "Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 56.00249999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": 36.81049999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "description": "In November 1941, Soviet troops flood the area to the south of the Istra Reservoir near Moscow in an effort to slow the German advance. Just a few weeks later, German troops use the same tactic to create a water barrier to halt advances by the Soviet 16th Army.", "sources": [ "Malik 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Dutch flood around than 5,800 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during World War II", "date": "1942-1944", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.32130000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "lng": 3.834830000000000183035808731801807880401611328125, "description": "The Dutch flood around than 5,800 hectares in the Zeeuws-Vlaanderen area during World War II.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water supply for Singapore is cut by the Japanese during the battle for Singapore in 1942", "date": "1942", "country": "Singapore, Malaysia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 1.3658900000000000485300688524148426949977874755859375, "lng": 103.748999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "description": "During the battle for Singapore in February 1942, the Japanese bombed the civilian water supply and cut off Singapore's water from Malaysia.", "sources": [ "Baynes 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "German dams on the Möhne, Sorpe, and Eder Rivers, Germany are destroyed by Allies", "date": "1943", "country": "Germany", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.4832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "lng": 8.0716699999999992343191479449160397052764892578125, "description": "British Royal Air Force bomb dams on the Möhne, Sorpe, and Eder Rivers, Germany (May 16 and 17). Möhne Dam breech kills 1,200, destroys all downstream dams for 50 km. The flood that occurs after breaking the Eder dam reaches a peak discharge of 8,500 meters per second, which is nine times higher than the highest flood observed. Many houses and bridges are destroyed, and 68 are killed.", "sources": [ "Kirschner 1949", "Semann 1950" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ennepe Dam bombed in WWII", "date": "1943", "country": "Germany, United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.29169999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 7.40449999999999963762320476234890520572662353515625, "description": "As part of the British \"Dambusters\" campaign in 1943 in World War II, the Ennepe Dam in the Ruhr Valley, Germany, is damaged.", "sources": [ "Dar and Alam 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Germans flood Ill River Valley", "date": "1944", "country": "France, Germany", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 48.700299999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "lng": 7.93109999999999981667997417389415204524993896484375, "description": "Germans flood the Ill River Valley during the Battle of the Bulge (winter 1944-45) creating a lake 16 kilometers long, 3-6 kilometers wide, and 1-2 meters deep, greatly delaying the American Army's advance toward the Rhine.", "sources": [ "US Army Corps of Engineers 1953" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Germany floods Pontine Marshes", "date": "1944", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.39439999999999741930878371931612491607666015625, "lng": 13.0688999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "description": "The German army floods the Pontine Marches, on the coast of Italy southeast of Rome, by stopping pumps and opening dikes, in order to disrupt Allied forces who had established a beachhead at Anzio, Italy. Allied forces are surrounded by German artillery and pinned down for months by heavy shelling. The purpose of the flooding is to bring mosquitoes and malaria, \"deliberately introduced as an act of biological warfare.\" This has a limited military impact, but devastates the local population, which the Third Reich had wished to punish for disloyalty.", "sources": [ "US Army Corps of Engineers 1953", "Evans 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Germans use Italian rivers against Allies", "date": "1944", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.4070999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "lng": 13.872099999999999653255144949071109294891357421875, "description": "German forces use waters from the Isoletta Dam (Liri River, Italy) in January and February to successfully destroy British assault forces crossing the Garigliano River (downstream of Liri River). The German Army then dam the Rapido River, flooding a valley occupied by the American Army.", "sources": [ "US Army Corps of Engineers 1953" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Nazis flood part of the Netherlands as a defense act during World War II", "date": "1944", "country": "Netherlands", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.62910000000000110276232589967548847198486328125, "lng": 4.12141000000000001790567694115452468395233154296875, "description": "The Nazis flood more than 29,000 hectares in the islands of Schouwen-Duiveland and Tholen, St. Philipsland during World War II.", "sources": [ "de Kraker 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soviets attack Finn-controlled dam near Leningrad", "date": "1944", "country": "Finland, Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 60.8068999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "lng": 33.70270000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "In June, the Soviet air force attacked the Svir River Dam near Leningrad, then under the control of the Finnish military.", "sources": [ "Orlenko 1981", "Axis History Forum 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US targets Japanese water supplies in bombardment of Saipan", "date": "1944", "country": "Japan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.18299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": 145.75, "description": "The US bombardment of the Japanese-occupied island of Saipan in June 1944 targets water-supply points, resulting in severe shortages.", "sources": [ "Stewart n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Germans flood land to hinder the invasion of Normandy", "date": "1944", "country": "France, Germany, United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 49.41799999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "lng": -1.177400000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375, "description": "Germans flood land around Utah Beach and the area around the Douve River during the invasion of Normandy, France, in June 1944, hindering the advances of the US 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.", "sources": [ "War History Online 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Germans flood Ay River", "date": "1944", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 49.21629999999999682813722756691277027130126953125, "lng": -1.504960000000000075459638537722639739513397216796875, "description": "Germans flood the Ay River in France in July 1944, creating a lake two meters deep and several kilometers wide, slowing an advance on Saint-Lô, a German communications center in Normandy.", "sources": [ "US Army Corps of Engineers 1953" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "October 1944: Allies breach dikes in Netherlands, flooding island and forcing German retreat; depicted in The Forgotten Battle", "date": "1944", "country": "Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 51.53190000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "lng": 3.576000000000000067501559897209517657756805419921875, "description": "During the Battle of Walcheren Causeway in the Netherlands in October 1944, the Allies breach dikes protecting Walcheren Island, where German batteries blocked access to the port of Antwerp. These actions flood the central part of the island, forcing German defenders onto high ground. The Germans are ultimately forced to retreat. A film, The Forgotten Battle, commemorates these events.", "sources": [ "Wikipedia" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During World War II Greek saboteurs attack water facilities, industries, and transportation systems", "date": "1945", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 39.5011999999999972033037920482456684112548828125, "lng": 22.419200000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "During World War II Greek saboteurs attack water facilities, industries, and transportation systems.", "sources": [ "Douthit 1987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US bombing raid on Bangkok in World War II cuts off water and power to the city", "date": "1945", "country": "Thailand ", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.7573000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "lng": 100.5, "description": "A World War II B-29 raid on Bangkok destroys two key power plants leaving the city without power and water. This was the last major attack conducted against targets in Thailand prior to the Japanese surrender in August 1945.", "sources": [ "Stearn 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Germans pollute reservoir in Bohemia", "date": "1945", "country": "Czechoslovakia, Germany", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 49.86670000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 13.5693999999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "description": "In one of the few verified German tactical uses of biological warfare, German forces pollute a large reservoir in northwestern Bohemia, Czechoslovakia with sewage in May 1945. See also the entry for the Pontine Marshes in 1944.", "sources": [ "Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 1971" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and food supplies cut off during Arab siege of Jerusalem", "date": "1948", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 35.22999999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "description": "Water and food supplies are cut off by Arab forces during their siege of Jerusalem from December 1, 1947 to July 10, 1948. Shortages cause Israelis to begin rationing water on May 12, limiting each person to 2 gallons per day (8 L), of which four pints (2 L) are for drinking.", "sources": [ "Collins and LaPierre 1972", "Joseph 1960", "Wolf 1995", "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In April 1948, India cuts the flow of Indus River irrigation water to Pakistan and the city of Lahore", "date": "1948", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.294799999999998618704921682365238666534423828125, "lng": 70.79370000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "description": "In April 1948, India stops the flow of Indus River water to irrigation canals on its side, cutting off water to important agricultural areas in Pakistan and to the city of Lahore.", "sources": [ "McCaffrey 1993", "Salman and Uprety 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Zionist forces poison the water supply of the city of Acre and Gaza with infectious disease and bacteria", "date": "1948", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.93310000000000314912540488876402378082275390625, "lng": 35.0816999999999978854248183779418468475341796875, "description": "In May 1948, Zionist forces poison the water supply of the city of Acre (now a part of present day Israel) with typhoid bacteria, leading to a typhoid epidemic; another attempt is made to poison wells in Gaza with typhoid and dysentery.", "sources": [ "Morris and Kedar 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Native Africans resist removal from land due to impending filling of Kariba Dam in the Zambezi watershed", "date": "1950-1959", "country": "Zambia, Zimbabwe", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -16.668299999999998561861502821557223796844482421875, "lng": 28.55239999999999866986399865709245204925537109375, "description": "The African people living in the Zambezi River Valley protest and resist removal from their home land, even as British colonizers fill the newly built Kariba Dam and threaten to prosecute demonstrators and burn homes and crops. During at least one protest that turned violent, eight Tonga people are shot and killed. ", "sources": [ "Serpell 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel and Syria fight over Yarmouk River", "date": "1951", "country": "Israel, Jordan, Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.1084000000000031604940886609256267547607421875, "lng": 35.59859999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "description": "Jordan makes public its plans to irrigate the Jordan Valley by tapping the Yarmouk River; Israel responds by commencing drainage of the Huleh swamps located in the demilitarized zone between Israel and Syria; border skirmishes ensue between Israel and Syria.", "sources": [ "Wolf 1997", "Samson and Charrier 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "North Korea floods Pukhan Valley", "date": "1951", "country": "North Korea", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 38.117199999999996862243278883397579193115234375, "lng": 127.7780000000000057980287238024175167083740234375, "description": "North Korea releases flood waves from the Hwachon Dam damaging floating bridges operated by UN troops in the Pukhan Valley. The US Navy then sends planes to destroy the spillway crest gates.", "sources": [ "US Army Corps of Engineers 1953" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US Bombers Destroy Korea's Hwacheon Dam", "date": "1951", "country": "North Korea", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 38.11749999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 127.77899999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "The Hwacheon Dam in Korea, completed in 1944, becomes both a target and a tool of opposing forces during the Korean War. In 1951, North Korea opens the dam to flood downstream areas and slow advancing UN forces. In response, the US Navy sends aircraft to bomb the dam, the last known American use of aerial torpedoes in war.", "sources": [ "Calcagno 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Burmese government forces recapture Gyobyu Waterworks, previously occupied by rebel forces", "date": "1951", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.871300000000001517719283583573997020721435546875, "lng": 96.199399999999997135091689415276050567626953125, "description": "Burma government forces recapture the Gyobyu Waterworks in 1951, which had been occupied by rebel forces for three years.", "sources": [ "New York Times 1951" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian forces fire on Israeli workers draining Huleh swamps", "date": "1951", "country": "Israel, Syria ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.08400000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "lng": 35.6144000000000033878677641041576862335205078125, "description": "Syrian forces open fire on Israeli workers engaged in draining the Huleh Swamp, in northeastern Israel in 1951, wounding one. The Syrian Government argues that the reclamation work violates the Israel-Syrian armistice agreement.", "sources": [ "Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1951", "U.S. Department of State 1951" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water pipeline is cut and the repair party attacked in Malaya during the extended communist insurgency", "date": "1952", "country": "Malaysia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.681290000000000173230318978312425315380096435546875, "lng": 101.518000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "During the communist insurgency in Malaya between 1948 and 1960, civilian water infrastructure was attacked. In 1952 in Tanjong Malim a water pipeline is cut and the party repairing it was ambushed.", "sources": [ "Short 1975" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "UN Command air forces conduct a series of massive bombings of 13 North Korean hydroelectric facilities", "date": "1952", "country": "North Korea, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.7854999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 125.5679999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "description": "In June 1952, UN Command forces bomb a series of hydroelectric dams in North Korea on the Yalu River, including the Sui-ho dam, Kyosen dam, Fusen dam and Choisen dam. The attacks temporarily knock out 90% of North Korea's power-production capacity. Follow up attacks continue through September 1952.", "sources": [ "Futrell 1983" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel and Syria clash over Sea of Galilee and the construction of the Israeli National Water Carrier", "date": "1953", "country": "Israel, Jordan, Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.91669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 35.62219999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "description": "Israel begins construction of its National Water Carrier to transfer water from the north of the Sea of Galilee out of the Jordan basin to the Negev Desert for irrigation. Syrian military actions along the border and international disapproval lead Israel to move its intake to the Sea of Galilee.", "sources": [ "Naff and Matson 1984", "Samson and Charrier 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "North Korean dam at Sui-ho attacked again by UN Command air forces during the Korean War", "date": "1953", "country": "North Korea, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.46220000000000283080225926823914051055908203125, "lng": 124.9620000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "A new bombing attack on Sui-ho dam generators is conducted by UN Command air units in February 1953.", "sources": [ "Futrell 1983" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Massive additional attacks on North Korean dams are conducted during the Korean War", "date": "1953", "country": "North Korea, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.7854999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 125.5679999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "description": "During May, 1953, the UN Command air units again bomb Sui-ho dam generators, and also bombs Toksan, Chasan, Kuwonga, Namsi, and Taechon dams. The ensuing floods destroy thousands of homes and threaten several million North Koreans with starvation.", "sources": [ "Futrell 1983", "Crane 2000", "Cumings 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Additional attacks on Sui-ho dam conducted during the Korean War", "date": "1953", "country": "North Korea, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.46220000000000283080225926823914051055908203125, "lng": 124.9620000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "A final attack of the Korean War on the Sui-ho hydroelectric facility by UN forces is conducted on June 7, 1953.", "sources": [ "Futrell 1983" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syria clashes with Israeli forces in dispute over Israeli water systems, April 1957", "date": "1957", "country": "Israel, Syria ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.10329999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 35.6092000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "description": "In April 1957, Syria clashes with Israel in Lake Huleh area in dispute over completion of Israeli water and drainage works.", "sources": [ "Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1957a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syria kills Israeli engineer working on Huleh swamp water diversions", "date": "1957", "country": "Israel, Syria ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.10329999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 35.6092000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "description": "Syria kills an Israeli engineer from across the Jordan River while working in the Huleh Swamp area on water diversions.", "sources": [ "Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1957b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syria clashes with Israeli forces in July/August 1957 dispute over Israeli water systems", "date": "1957", "country": "Israel, Syria ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.10329999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 35.6092000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "description": "In July and August 1957, Syria clashes with Israel in Lake Huleh area in dispute over completion of Israeli water and drainage works", "sources": [ "Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1957a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two guards of the Israeli water company, Mekorot, are killed", "date": "1957", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.6056999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "lng": 34.89569999999999794226823723874986171722412109375, "description": "Two guards of the Israeli Mekorot water company are killed in Kibbutz Beit Govrin in August 1957.", "sources": [ "Jewish Virtual Library 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Egypt and Sudan clash over Nile", "date": "1958", "country": "Egypt, Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.61110000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "lng": 32.5, "description": "Egypt sends an unsuccessful military expedition into disputed territory amidst pending negotiations over the Nile waters, Sudanese general elections, and an Egyptian vote on Sudan-Egypt unification; Nile Water Treaty signed when pro-Egyptian government elected in Sudan.", "sources": [ "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "India and Pakistan fight over Surma River control and land disputes", "date": "1958", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.008900000000000574118530494160950183868408203125, "lng": 91.3487999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "description": "In March 1958 violent clashes begin between India and Pakistan on the East Pakistan-Assam border in a conflict over ownership of fertile land along the Surma River, and a dispute over claims over control of the river. A demand from Assam that Pakistan abandon claims over any portion of the Surma were considered by Pakistan to be military provocation.", "sources": [ "Razvi 1971", "New York Times 1958a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syria clashes with Israel over Huleh canal project", "date": "1958", "country": "Israel, Syria ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.10329999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 35.6092000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "description": "Over a series of days in late March 1958, Syria clashes with Israel in Lake Huleh area over Israel's work to dig a canal to drain water from the marshes.", "sources": [ "Jewish Herald 1958: New York Times 1958b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "India and Pakistan fight over Surma River control and land disputes in a second round of clashes in May 1958", "date": "1958", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.008900000000000574118530494160950183868408203125, "lng": 91.3487999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "description": "In May 1958 clashes reoccur between India and Pakistan on the East Pakistan-Assam border in a conflict over the Surma River, and a dispute over claims over control of the river.", "sources": [ "Razvi 1971", "New York Times 1958a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A third set of clashes between India and Pakistan over Surma River control occurs in August 1958", "date": "1958", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.008900000000000574118530494160950183868408203125, "lng": 91.3487999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "description": "In August 1958 a third round of clashes occur between India and Pakistan on the East Pakistan-Assam border in a conflict over ownership of fertile land along the Surma River, and a dispute over claims over control of the river.", "sources": [ "Razvi 1971", "New York Times 1958a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel and Syria clash over water diversions from Huleh swamp area", "date": "1958", "country": "Israel, Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.10329999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 35.6092000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "description": "In November and December 1958, clashes restart between Israel and Syria over irrigation, farmland, and water diversions in the Huleh Swamp area, with intervention by UN peacekeepers.", "sources": [ "New York Times 1958c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US bombs irrigation systems in Vietnam", "date": "1960s", "country": "North Vietnam, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 21.986299999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": 105.3419999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "description": "Irrigation water supply systems in North Vietnam are bombed during the Vietnam War. An estimated 661 sections of dikes damaged or destroyed.", "sources": [ "Kandachi 1967", "Gleick 1993", "Zemmali 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent dispute over access to irrigation water in the Al-Chibayish marshes of Iraq during drought", "date": "1960s", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.995000000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "lng": 47.04849999999999710098563809879124164581298828125, "description": "Disputes in the Al-Chibayish Marshes, part of Dhi Qar and Basrah governorates, escalate to armed fighting between two clans in the 1960s. One report describes a bloody dispute between the two clans over the allocation of irrigation water for rice farms during droughts.", "sources": [ "Al Hasan 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Brazil and Paraguay clash over Paraná River", "date": "1962-1967", "country": "Brazil, Paraguay", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.408100000000001017497197608463466167449951171875, "lng": -54.58919999999999816964191268198192119598388671875, "description": "Negotiations between Brazil and Paraguay over the development of the Paraná River are interrupted by a unilateral show of military force by Brazil in 1962, which invades the area and claims control over the Guadalajara Falls site. Military forces are withdrawn in 1967 following an agreement for a joint commission to examine development in the region.", "sources": [ "Murphy and Sabadell 1986" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel destroys irrigation ditches in demilitarized zone on Syrian border", "date": "1962", "country": "Israel, Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.7999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 35.85000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "Israel destroys irrigation ditches in the lower Tarfiq in the demilitarized zone. Syria complains.", "sources": [ "Naff and Matson 1984" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kaptai Dam displaces Jumma people in Eastern Pakistan", "date": "1962", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.494499999999998607336237910203635692596435546875, "lng": 92.2253999999999933834260446019470691680908203125, "description": "In 1957, Eastern Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) begins building the Kaptai Hydroelectric Dam on the Karnaphuli River in the Chittagong Hills Tract in the southeast. Completed in 1962, the dam flooded 655 square kilometers of land and displaced 100,000 people, most of them Jumma, or ethnic minorities in a country ruled by a Bengali majority. The displaced Jumma are offered little land or compensation and many flee to neighboring India. These conditions contributed to 20+ years of conflict.", "sources": [ "Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission 1991" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ethiopia and Somali nomads fight for desert water", "date": "1963-1964", "country": "Ethiopia, Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 7.270559999999999689634933019988238811492919921875, "lng": 44.27720000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "description": "Creation of boundaries in 1948 leaves Somali nomads under Ethiopian rule; border skirmishes occur over disputed territory in Ogaden desert where critical water and oil resources are located; cease-fire is negotiated only after several hundred are killed.", "sources": [ "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb is used to attack a Welsh dam to protest the flooding of a village", "date": "1963", "country": "United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 52.946899999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "lng": -3.670879999999999920845539236324839293956756591796875, "description": "In February 1963, a bomb is used by the Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (Movement for the Defence of Wales) to attack an electricity transformer at a dam about to flood the village of Capel Celyn, Wales.", "sources": [ "Laville 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel drops bombs in a dispute over the source of the Dan River", "date": "1964", "country": "Israel, Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.24860000000000326281224261038005352020263671875, "lng": 35.6518999999999977035258780233561992645263671875, "description": "Headwaters of the Dan River on the Jordan River are bombed at Tell El-Qadi in a dispute about sovereignty over the source of the Dan.", "sources": [ "Naff and Matson 1984" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cuba cuts off water to US at Guantanamo", "date": "1964", "country": "Cuba, United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 19.89999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": -75.150000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "On February 6, 1964, the Cuban government cuts off the normal water supply to the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, in retaliation for the US seizure of four Cuban fishing boats days earlier near Florida.", "sources": [ "Guantanamo Bay Gazette 1964" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "British defend South African dam against possible saboteurs", "date": "1965", "country": "Zambia", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": -16.521699999999999164401742746122181415557861328125, "lng": 28.761399999999998300381776061840355396270751953125, "description": "President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia calls on British government to send troops to Kariba Dam to protect it from possible saboteurs from Rhodesian government.", "sources": [ "Chenje 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Feud over the Buffalo National River turns violent between environmentalists and local populations", "date": "1965", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.98210000000000263753463514149188995361328125, "lng": -92.75159999999999627107172273099422454833984375, "description": "Feuding between two groups over the fate of the Buffalo National River in Arkansas and a potential dam project turn violent when a canoe race on Memorial Day, 1965 is disrupted by barbed wire strung across the river and gun shots near the canoes. Small injuries caused by the barbed wire to canoeists are reported.", "sources": [ "Schulte 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel attacks over an Arab plan to divert headwaters of the Jordan River away from Israel", "date": "1965-1966", "country": "Israel, Jordan, Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.186700000000001864464138634502887725830078125, "lng": 35.61919999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "description": "Fire is exchanged over \"all-Arab\" plan to divert the Jordan River headwaters (Hasbani and Banias) and presumably preempt Israeli National Water Carrier; Syria halts construction of its diversion in July 1966.", "sources": [ "Wolf 1995", "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinians attack Israeli water pumps for the National Water Carrier", "date": "1965", "country": "Israel, Palestine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.8693999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "lng": 35.53829999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "description": "First attack ever by the Palestinian National Liberation Movement Al-Fatah is on the diversion pumps for the Israeli National Water Carrier. Attack fails.", "sources": [ "Naff and Matson 1984", "Dolatyar 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Brazil and Paraguay military have a confrontation over the Paraná River", "date": "1965", "country": "Brazil, Paraguay", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -24.36749999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": -54.3847999999999984765963745303452014923095703125, "description": "On June 17, 1965 Brazil sends a military detachment to occupy land along the Paraná River in order to make a claim on disputed borders between Brazil and Paraguay. This presence of Brazil’s military is considered a major \"act of aggresion\" and a violation of their territorial sovereignty.", "sources": [ "Blanc 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In a continuation of the dispute between Brazil and Paraguay over the Paraná River, a Brazilian military detachment makes arrest", "date": "1965", "country": "Brazil, Paraguay", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.407000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -54.5947000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "Paraguay sends a military and diplomatic group to contested land on the border with Brazil. A Brazilian military detachment arrests them in a confrontation. This dispute precedes the construction of the major Itaipu Dam on the Paraná River.", "sources": [ "Blanc 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest in Paraguay over Brazilian occupation of land along the Paraná River and control of the river ", "date": "1965", "country": "Brazil, Paraguay", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.282000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -57.57589999999999719193510827608406543731689453125, "description": "In a growing dispute over the control of the Paraná River between Paraguay and Brazil, Paraguayan protestors burn a Brazilian flag near the Brazilian embassy, and throw Molotov cocktails into Brazilian-owned businesses chanting ‘Paraguay sí. Bandeirantes no. Fuera los mamelucos’ (‘Paraguay yes, invaders no:out with the bastards’). Police disperse the crowd violently and arrest 15.", "sources": [ "Blanc 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US attempts to flood land to slow Vietnamese military efforts", "date": "1967-1972", "country": "Vietnam", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 15.3499999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": 107.1830000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "The US military, in 'Operation Popeye,' uses silver iodide for cloud seeding over Indochina (Vietnam), in an attempt to extend the monsoon season and stop the flow of materiel along Ho Chi Minh trail. \"Continuous rainfall was intended to slow down the truck traffic and was relatively successful.\"", "sources": [ "Plant 1995", "Troung and Cooper 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel attacks Jordan water works on the Banias", "date": "1967", "country": "Israel, Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.249200000000001864464138634502887725830078125, "lng": 35.69330000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "Israel destroys the Arab diversion works on the Jordan River headwaters. During Arab-Israeli War Israel occupies Golan Heights, with Banias tributary to the Jordan; Israel occupies West Bank.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "Wolf 1995", "Wolf 1997", "Wallenstein and Swain 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinians attack civilian targets in Israel, destroying water pumps and irrigation equipment", "date": "1967", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.79899999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 35.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "In the spring of 1967, Palestinian groups attack civilian targets in Israel, including destroying water pumps and irrigation equipment in the north of the country.", "sources": [ "Seliktar 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kuwait and Iraq fight over border dispute, destroying water wells", "date": "1967", "country": "Iraq, Kuwait", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.5, "lng": 47.75, "description": "Kuwait and Iraq move troops to their frontier and recall their ambassadors after Iraqi border guards cross the frontier, destroy a tent camp of workers drilling water wells, and briefly occupy the area, according to reports from both countries.", "sources": [ "New York Times 1967" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Youth International Party threatens to spike Chicago's water supply with LSD ahead of Democratic National Convention", "date": "1968", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.87259999999999848796505830250680446624755859375, "lng": -87.6287999999999982492226990871131420135498046875, "description": "The Youth International Party in the United States threatens to spike Lake Michigan with the hallucinogenic LSD. Lake Michigan serves as the city of Chicago's drinking water supply. The threat is targeted at the Democratic National Convention of 1968. No known poisonings occur.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006", "CBC News Online 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinian group attempts to pollute Israeli water with attack on an oil pipeline", "date": "1969", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.597499999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": 35.70100000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "description": "The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) places an explosive device on the Trans-Arabian Pipeline in Jordan in an attempt to pollute water that provides drinking water and water for fisheries to Israel in the Hutch Valley. While the explosive device did cause significant damage to the pipeline, reports do not indicate that water supplies were affected.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "Heradstveit 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "There are multiple attacks on Belfast's water supply system, Northern Ireland", "date": "1969", "country": "United Kingdom, Northern Ireland", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 54.59740000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "lng": -5.93029000000000028336444302112795412540435791015625, "description": "Four separate explosions occur in April, 1969, damaging water-supply infrastructure in Northern Ireland. The first explosion occurs at a water installation serving Belfast at Dunadry, County Antrim. The second occurs at Silent Valley reservoir in County Down and temporarily interrupts water supply for Belfast. The third occurs a few days later at a water pipeline between Lugh Neagh and Belfast. The fourth occurs near a water pipeline, disrupting water to Belfast for several days. The explosions are first blamed on the Irish Republican Army (IRA), but are later connected to the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV).", "sources": [ "Melaugh 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel attacks East Ghor Canal, June 1969", "date": "1969", "country": "Israel, Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.813900000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 35.62960000000000349018591805361211299896240234375, "description": "On June 5, 1969, Israel attacks the East Ghor Canal on the eastern bank of the Jordan River in reprisal for the shelling of Israeli border settlement and in an effort to pressure Jordan to prevent Palestinian attacks in Israel from Jordanian territory.", "sources": [ "Schmidt 1970" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "China and Soviet Union fight over navigation and control of the Amur River as part of disputes over shared waterways", "date": "1969", "country": "China, Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 49.64200000000000301270119962282478809356689453125, "lng": 130.2549999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "An armed conflict between China and the Soviet Union breaks out over navigation and control of the Amur River in July 1969, part of an ongoing series of disputes over shared waterways.", "sources": [ "New York Times 1969" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel attacks East Ghor Canal, August 1969", "date": "1969", "country": "Israel, Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.813900000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 35.62960000000000349018591805361211299896240234375, "description": "On August 10, 1969 Israel again attacks the East Ghor Canal on the eastern bank of the Jordan River in reprisal for the shelling of Israeli border settlement and to pressure Jordan to stop Palestinian attacks in Israel from Jordanian territory.", "sources": [ "Schmidt 1970" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Egyptian commandos destroy water pipeline in Sinai desert north of Ismalia", "date": "1969", "country": "Israel, Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.7332999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "lng": 32.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "Egypt claims to carry out four sabotage forays against Israeli positions in the Sinai Desert. Among other objectives, the commandos said they destroyed observation posts and blew up a water pipeline 10 miles north of Ismalia.", "sources": [ "Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1969" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Alleged plot to contaminate US water supply", "date": "1970", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.8950999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "lng": -77.0366999999999961801222525537014007568359375, "description": "The Weathermen, a group opposed to American imperialism and the Vietnam War, allegedly attempts to obtain biological agents to contaminate the water supply systems of US urban centers.", "sources": [ "Kupperman and Trent 1979", "Eitzen and Takafuji 1997", "Purver 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ku Klux Klan poisons livestock water supply owned by black Muslim group in Alabama, US", "date": "1970", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.83720000000000283080225926823914051055908203125, "lng": -86.254199999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "description": "Members of the Ku Klux Klan poison the water supply used for livestock on a farm owned by black Muslims in Ashville, Alabama. 30 cows are killed and at least nine others are sickened.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Neo-Nazis drop bombs in Maryland sewage plant", "date": "1970", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 39.1625999999999976353137753903865814208984375, "lng": -76.6247000000000042518877307884395122528076171875, "description": "A group of teenagers associated with a neo-Nazi group attempt to spark racial conflict by dropping bombs into a sewage pumping station in Maryland, USA, an event they hope will be blamed on African Americans. Damage is caused to the pumping station.", "sources": [ "Baltimore Sun 1970", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 197010020004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pipeline bombed during a labor dispute in California", "date": "1970", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.76270000000000237605490838177502155303955078125, "lng": -117.3730000000000046611603465862572193145751953125, "description": "During a labor dispute, a pipeline carrying brine to the American Potash Plant in Trona, CA, is bombed, causing destruction of the pipeline and temporarily disrupting the town water supply.", "sources": [ "Committee on Government Operations United States Senate (CGOUSS) 1970", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Respon" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent conflicts over use of China's Zhang River", "date": "1970", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.36999999999999744204615126363933086395263671875, "lng": 113.9200000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "Conflicts over excessive water withdrawals and subsequent water shortages from China's Zhang River have been worsening for over three decades between villages in Shenxian and Linzhou counties. In the 1970s, militias from competing villages fight over withdrawals. (See also entries for 1976, 1991, 1992, and 1999.)", "sources": [ "China Water Resources Daily 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water-cooling unit is bombed at a Louisiana country club", "date": "1970", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.451499999999999346300683100707828998565673828125, "lng": -91.1871000000000009322320693172514438629150390625, "description": "A water cooling unit is bombed at a country club in Louisiana, USA. Suspects are thought to be black nationalists seeking revenge. No casualties are reported. ", "sources": [ "Committee on Government Operations United States Senate (CGOUSS) 1970", "New York Times, The 1970", "Washington Post 1970", "National" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel attacks East Ghor Canal, January 1970", "date": "1970", "country": "Israel, Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.813900000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 35.62960000000000349018591805361211299896240234375, "description": "On January 1, 1970, Israel again attacks the East Ghor Canal to pressure Jordan to prevent Palestinian attacks in Israel from Jordanian territory.", "sources": [ "Schmidt 1970" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Britain expels Soviet agents reportedly planning to poison London's water supply ", "date": "1971", "country": "United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 51.5106999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": -0.135662000000000004806821607417077757418155670166015625, "description": "Britain expels 105 Soviet agents in 1971 after learning that plans existed for those agents to sabotage or disrupt London's water supply system by poisoning.", "sources": [ "Douthit 1987", "Harvey and Keatley 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US bombs water works in Vietnam", "date": "1972", "country": "Vietnam", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 20.60000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 106.332999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "United States bombs dikes in the Red River delta, rivers, and canals during massive bombing campaign.", "sources": [ "Columbia Encyclopedia 2000a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attempt to poison Chicago's waters", "date": "1972", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.88900000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": -87.6227999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "Two members of the right-wing \"Order of the Rising Sun\" are arrested in Chicago with 30-40 kg of typhoid cultures with which they allegedly planned to poison the water supply in Chicago, St. Louis, and other cities. Experts say the plan is unlikely to cause health problems due to water chlorination.", "sources": [ "Eitzen and Takafuji 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "New York water threatened", "date": "1972", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.757800000000003137756721116602420806884765625, "lng": -73.98529999999999517967808060348033905029296875, "description": "Reported threat to contaminate water supply of New York City with nerve gas.", "sources": [ "Purver 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "German water supply threatened", "date": "1973", "country": "Germany", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 52.52250000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "lng": 13.4106000000000005201172825763933360576629638671875, "description": "A German biologist threatens to contaminate water supplies with bacilli of anthrax and botulinum toxin unless he is paid $8.5 million.", "sources": [ "Jenkins and Rubin 1978", "Kupperman and Trent 1979" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraq threatens Syria dam", "date": "1974", "country": "Iraq, Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 35.884399999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "lng": 38.750799999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "description": "Iraq threatens to bomb the Euphrates dam (also known as al-Thawra or Tabqa dam) in Syria and masses troops along the border, alleging that the dam had reduced the flow of Euphrates River water to Iraq.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1994" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple attacks on water infrastructure in Puerto Rico", "date": "1974", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.46549999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": -66.1056999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "description": "Striking workers are thought to be the cause of multiple attacks on various water infrastructure run by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewers Authority, a government-owned water agency. One attack destroys water pipes connected to two major refineries, while another leaves a large portion of the City of San Juan without running water for an entire day. The attacks are attributed to a group known as the Armed Forces for National Liberation, however no direct link has been made proving their connection. ", "sources": [ "New York Times, The 1974", "Hewitt 2005", "Sater 1981", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (ST" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraq, Syria mobilize troops over drought tensions", "date": "1975", "country": "Iraq, Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 38.56700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 35.8599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "As upstream dams are filled during a low-flow year on the Euphrates, Iraqis claim that flow reaching its territory is \"intolerable\" and asks the Arab League to intervene. Syrians claim they are receiving less than half the river's normal flow and pull out of an Arab League technical committee formed to mediate the conflict. In May Syria closes its airspace to Iraqi flights and both Syrian and Iraq reportedly transfer troops to their mutual border. Saudi Arabia successfully mediates the conflict.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "Gleick 1994", "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South Africa takes over Angolan dam", "date": "1975", "country": "Angola, South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.38609999999999899955582804977893829345703125, "lng": 14.2135999999999995679900166578590869903564453125, "description": "South African troops move into Angola to occupy and defend the Ruacana hydropower complex, including the Gove Dam on the Kunene River. Goal is to take possession of and defend the water resources of southwestern Africa and Namibia.", "sources": [ "Meissner 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Locks and control devices on a Department of Water and Power control gate on a river in California are sabotaged in May 1975", "date": "1975", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 37.2717999999999989313437254168093204498291015625, "lng": -118.31000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Locks and control devices on a Department of Water and Power control gate on the Owens River, near Bishop, California are sabotaged during a dispute over groundwater pumping.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Powerline insulators to Department of Water and Power water pumps on a river in California are shot out in September 1975", "date": "1975", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 37.36119999999999663486960344016551971435546875, "lng": -118.3970000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "description": "Insulators on a power line to the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power water pumps on the Owens River, California are shot out in an ongoing dispute over groundwater pumping by the city of Los Angeles.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bacteriological agent used to poison groundwater and surface water in Mozambique", "date": "1976", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -18.6657000000000010686562745831906795501708984375, "lng": 35.5296000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "description": "An unidentified bacteriological agent is found in groundwater and surface water sources in Mozambique. Sources report that the Rhodesian government had deposited the agent to target the black population in the country.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gates diverting water to the Los Angeles Aqueduct from the Owens Valley are dynamited", "date": "1976", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.6632000000000033423930290155112743377685546875, "lng": -118.0969999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "description": "Gates diverting water to the Los Angeles Aqueduct from the Owens Valley are dynamited, leading to 100 million gallons of water flows returning to Owens Lake.", "sources": [ "Sahagun 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militia chief shot in China's Zhang River conflict", "date": "1976", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.340000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 113.9599999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "A local militia chief is shot to death in a clash over the damming of Zhang River. Conflicts over excessive water withdrawals and subsequent water shortages from China's Zhang River have been worsening for over three decades. (See also entries for 1970, 1991, 1992, 1999.)", "sources": [ "China Water Resources Daily 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Los Angeles, California, USA aqueduct gates are opened by a blow torch to fill Diaz Lake for recreational use", "date": "1976", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.60210000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "lng": -118.0729999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "description": "Los Angeles aqueduct gates are opened by unknown persons using a blow torch in order to fill Diaz Lake for recreational use.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosions damage water system at British military base", "date": "1977", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.58030000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "lng": 32.974299999999999499777914024889469146728515625, "description": "Four separate explosions occur at several British military bases, one damaging the water system at Akrotiri (Santorini), an airbase near Limassol, in southern Cyprus, Greece.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "North Carolina reservoir poisoned", "date": "1977", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -79, "description": "Contamination of a North Carolina reservoir with unknown materials. According to Clark: \"Safety caps and valves were removed, and poison chemicals were sent into the reservoir....Water had to be brought in.\"", "sources": [ "Clark 1980", "Purver 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kariba dam on the Zambezi river is site of battle between Rhodesian and Zambian forces", "date": "1977", "country": "Zimbabwe, Zambia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -18.5705999999999988858689903281629085540771484375, "lng": 36.47030000000000171667124959640204906463623046875, "description": "Rhodesian and Zambian forces fight a 10?hour battle across the Zambezi River and a power station at the Kariba dam is attacked.", "sources": [ "New York Times 1977" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank is poisoned in protest of airport construction in Japan", "date": "1978", "country": "Japan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 35.77199999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": 140.393000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "A water tank at a water purification plant is contaminated with oil and agricultural chemicals. The attack on the water supplies is in protest of the construction of an airport in Hokusol/Narita, Japan.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bombing of water plant in Puerto Rico cuts off water for 30,000", "date": "1978", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.46549999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": -66.1056999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "description": "Puerto Rican nationalists are suspected in the bombing of a substation owned by Water Resource Authority. This incident leaves approximately 30,000 people in San Juan without electricity. This bombing is linked to a larger group of violent attacks on the state-owned Water Resources Authority.", "sources": [ "Sater 1981", "Hewitt 2005", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 197801190007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths of protestors and damage to construction of the Jonglei canal in Sudan", "date": "1978-1984", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 4.85104999999999986215470926254056394100189208984375, "lng": 31.603600000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "description": "Demonstrations in Juba, Sudan in 1978 opposing the construction of the Jonglei Canal lead to the deaths of two students. In 1984, construction of the canal is suspended following a series of attacks on the construction site.", "sources": [ "Suliman 1998", "Keluel-Jang 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Machine gun used to attack the U.S. Embassy with goal of reducing cost of water and other necessary resources", "date": "1978", "country": "El Salvador", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.6928999999999998493649400188587605953216552734375, "lng": -89.218199999999995952748577110469341278076171875, "description": "The Popular Liberation Forces (PLF) uses a machine gun to attack the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador. This attack was stated by PLF to be part of their war against U.S. imperialism. Demands included the reduction in the cost of water, as well the cost of housing, fertilizer, rents, agricultural land, and electric power, as well as for the release of a number of prisoners assumed to be held for political reasons.", "sources": [ "Devine 1981", "RDWTI 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "While battling insurgents, the Ethiopian military destroys basic civilian water wells and water sources", "date": "1978-1984", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 5.20664000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": 44.06830000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "During the so-called \"Secret Wars\" in southeast Ethiopia, water wells are destroyed and poisoned by Ethiopian troops in an attempt to halt insurgents. The Ethiopian military is thought to have been advised in applying these tactics by Soviet and Cuban officials. ", "sources": [ "Human Rights Watch 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Equipment providing power to Los Angeles Department of Water and Power pumps on a river in California, USA is damaged", "date": "1979", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.3584000000000031604940886609256267547607421875, "lng": -118.3960000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "description": "Electrical insulators are shot and damaged at a Southern California Edison site providing power to Los Angeles Department of Water and Power water pumps on the Owens River, California.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several different facilities owned by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power are burned down, USA", "date": "1979", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.97200000000000130739863379858434200286865234375, "lng": -118.23799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "A shack and platform at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power well between Big Pine and Independence is burned down along with a house, barns, and shop at DWR land in Lone Pine, California.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attempted extortion of a casino in Lake Tahoe, Nevada, USA with threat to poison water", "date": "1980", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.1064999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": -120.042000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "Attempted extortion of a casino in Lake Tahoe, Nevada with threat to poison water.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US water mains are deliberately contaminated with weed killer", "date": "1980", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.43860000000000098907548817805945873260498046875, "lng": -80.0039000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "description": "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States water mains are deliberately contaminated with weed killer.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government troops demolish water catchments in Somalia", "date": "1980-1982", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.00476999999999971890929373330436646938323974609375, "lng": 48.16689999999999827196006663143634796142578125, "description": "Between 1980 and 1982, as part of President Barre's \"scorched earth\" policy in Somalia, government troops demolish water-points and berkads (catchments) in many of the towns and villages of Mudug and neighboring Nugal.", "sources": [ "Puntland Development Research Centre (PDRC) 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Military encounters between Cameroon and Niger over the recession of Lake Chad", "date": "1980s-1990s", "country": "Nigeria, Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.107900000000000773070496506989002227783203125, "lng": 14.4489999999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "description": "Starting in the 1980s, rapid recession of Lake Chad draws Nigerian fishermen farther into Cameroonian territory, leading to several military encounters. By the 1990s, more than thirty Lake Chad villages founded by Nigerians are counted in Cameroon. In 2002, the border dispute goes to the International Court of Justice, which rules in Cameroon's favor.", "sources": [ "Dimon 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mozambique targets Cahora Bassa Dam in fight for independence", "date": "1980s", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -15.5859000000000005314859663485549390316009521484375, "lng": 32.70479999999999876081346883438527584075927734375, "description": "Regular destruction of power lines from Cahora Bassa Dam during fight for independence in the region. Dam targeted by RENAMO (the Mozambican National Resistance).", "sources": [ "Chenje 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soviet forces in Afghanistan destroy crops, irrigation sysems, and wells", "date": "1980", "country": "Afghanistan, Soviet Union", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.433300000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "lng": 69.1606000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "description": "In July 1980 Soviet forces destroyed dozens of villages south of Kabul during a two-week operation that included destruction of crops, irrigation systems, livestock, and wells.", "sources": [ "Westermann 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Thai soldiers capture two Vietnamese trying to poison the water supply in a Kampuchean relocation camp in Thailand", "date": "1981", "country": "Thailand", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 15.67399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 100.519000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "In June 1981, Thai soldiers capture two Vietnamese trying to poison the water supply in a Kampuchean relocation camp in Thailand.", "sources": [ "Anderson and Van Atta 1984" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iran targets Iraq hydroelectric dam", "date": "1981", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36, "lng": 44, "description": "Iran claims to have bombed a hydroelectric facility in Kurdistan, thereby blacking out large portions of Iraq, during the Iran-Iraq War.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Namibia targets Angola pipeline", "date": "1981-1982", "country": "Angola, Namibia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -12.5464999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 17.932400000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "description": "Water infrastructure, including dams and the major Kunene-Cuvelai pipeline, is targeted during the conflicts in Namibia and Angola in the 1980s.", "sources": [ "Turton 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Thai citizen dies from poison placed in drinking water by Vietnamese troops near the Kampuchean border", "date": "1981", "country": "Thailand, Vietnam", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 13.81869999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "lng": 102.7519999999999953388396534137427806854248046875, "description": "In March 1981, a Thai citizen dies from poison placed in drinking water by Vietnamese troops near the Kampuchean border; others are sickened.", "sources": [ "Anderson and Van Atta 1984" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Los Angeles Department of Water and Power in California, USA has equipment destroyed by arson", "date": "1981", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.35990000000000321733750752173364162445068359375, "lng": -118.3840000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "Los Angeles Department of Water and Power equipment, a frontloader, is destroyed by arson.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb attack launched on Severn Trent Water Authority in protest over water taken from Welsh reservoirs", "date": "1982", "country": "United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 52.51570000000000248974174610339105129241943359375, "lng": -1.7095000000000000195399252334027551114559173583984375, "description": "A bombing at the Birmingham headquarters of the Severn Trent Water Authority is claimed by the Workers Army of the Welsh Republic, as part of a demand the water agency pay more for water taken from Welsh reservoirs.", "sources": [ "Lockley 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Guatemalan forces more than 400 indigenous community members resisting forced migration from a new dam", "date": "1982-1983", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.2814999999999994173549566767178475856781005859375, "lng": -90.4909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "In Rio Negro, Guatemala, between February 1982 and 1983, approximately 440 Maya Achi indigenous people, including hundreds of women and children, are killed by the Guatemalan Army and Civil Self-Defense Patrols in an effort to remove the community from an area slated to be flooded by the Chixoy dam. There are reports that the victims were tourtured and raped, as well. These killing became known as the Rio Negro massacres and efforts to bring justice to the survivors or investigate the perpatrators have been largely unsuccesful.", "sources": [ "Levy 2000", "Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico 1999", "Wikipedia contributors 2025c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel cuts off Beirut water", "date": "1982", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.888700000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "lng": 35.513599999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "Israel cuts off the water supply of Beirut during siege.", "sources": [ "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Plan to poison Los Angeles water supply", "date": "1982", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.0538999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "lng": -118.24299999999999499777914024889469146728515625, "description": "Los Angeles police and the FBI arrest a man who was preparing to poison the city's water supply with a biological agent.", "sources": [ "Livingston 1982", "Eitzen and Takafuji 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorists destroy US military barracks in Lebanon", "date": "1983", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.8292000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 35.49470000000000169393388205207884311676025390625, "description": "An explosives-laden truck disguised as a water-delivery vehicle destroys a barracks in a US military compound, killing more than 300 people. The attack is blamed on Hezbollah with the support of the Iranian government.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorists plot to poison Israel water", "date": "1983", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.7162000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 35.3038999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "The Israeli government reports that it had uncovered a plot by Israeli Arabs to poison the water in Galilee with \"an unidentified powder.\"", "sources": [ "Douglass and Livingstone 1987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attempt was made to poison the water supply in Louisiana, United States with cyanide", "date": "1983", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 30.76899999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "lng": -91.9769000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "An attempt was made to poison the water supply in Louisiana, United States with cyanide.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck bombed in front of U.S. Embassy in Amman, Jordan", "date": "1984", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.94539999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "lng": 35.92840000000000344471118296496570110321044921875, "description": "A water truck is destroyed when a bomb placed underneath it explodes. The truck was outside the U.S. Embassy in Amman, Jordan. Two people are injured.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "US Secretary of State 1986" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Destruction of construction equipment at Atatürk Dam", "date": "1984", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.486400000000003274180926382541656494140625, "lng": 38.31219999999999714646037318743765354156494140625, "description": "During construction of the Atatürk Dam, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) destroys construction equipment and nearly 1,100 vehicles, severely delaying the project.", "sources": [ "Glass 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Oregon water supply poisoned", "date": "1984", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 45.5945999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "lng": -121.179000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "description": "Members of the Rajneesh religious cult contaminate a city water supply tank in The Dalles, Oregon, using Salmonella. A community outbreak of over 750 cases occurred in a county that normally reports fewer than five cases per year.", "sources": [ "Clark and Deininger 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Los Angeles Department of Water and Power boat explodes under suspicious circumstances in California, USA", "date": "1984", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 37.99770000000000180762071977369487285614013671875, "lng": -119.123999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "description": "A Los Angeles Department of Water and Power boat on Mono Lake explodes under suspicious circumstances in continued violence over water diversions from the Owens Valley.", "sources": [ "Walton 1992" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Anonymous note threatens to contaminate New York City reservoirs", "date": "1985", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.7640999999999991132426657713949680328369140625, "lng": -73.980400000000003046807250939309597015380859375, "description": "An anonymous letter writer threatens to contaminate New York City's water reservoirs with plutonium unless charges against a man accused of vigilantism for shooting four African American men in the New York subway are dropped. Testing detects minute levels of plutonium in the water but scientists cannot determine whether the threat to contaminate the New York City water supply was actually carried out or whether the sample was contaminated prior to receipt.", "sources": [ "Johnston 2014", "Bogen et al 1988" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cult plans to poison US waters", "date": "1985", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.34080000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "lng": -92.3803999999999945202944218181073665618896484375, "description": "Law enforcement authorities discover that a small survivalist group in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas known as The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSA) acquired a drum containing 30 gallons of potassium cyanide, with the apparent intent to poison water supplies in New York, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. CSA members believe that such attacks would make the Messiah return more quickly by punishing unrepentant sinners. The objective appears to be mass murder in the name of a divine mission rather than to change government policy. The amount of poison possessed by the group is believed to have been insufficient to contaminate the water supply of even one city.", "sources": [ "Tucker 2000", "Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A plan to blow up the Atatürk Dam in Turkey is thwarted", "date": "1986", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.486400000000003274180926382541656494140625, "lng": 38.31219999999999714646037318743765354156494140625, "description": "Turkish police discover Syrian-backed terrorists designing a plan to blow up the Atatürk Dam.", "sources": [ "Glass 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lesotho coup supported by South Africa, partly to advance water agreement", "date": "1986", "country": "Lesotho", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -29.302099999999999369038050645031034946441650390625, "lng": 28.510000000000001563194018672220408916473388671875, "description": "South Africa supports a bloodless coup by Lesotho's defense forces. Immediately afterward, the two countries agree to share water from the Highlands of Lesotho, following 30 years of unsuccessful negotiations. There is disagreement over the degree to which water was a motivating factor for either party.", "sources": [ "Inventory of Conflict and the Environment 2000b", "Mohamed 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South Koreans uneasy over threat posed by North Korean dam plan", "date": "1986", "country": "North Korea, South Korea", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.42280000000000228510543820448219776153564453125, "lng": 127.7930000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "description": "North Korea's announcement of its plans to build the Kumgansan hydroelectric dam on a tributary of the Han River upstream of Seoul raises concerns in South Korea that the dam could be used as a tool for ecological destruction or war.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "19 police recruits in the Philippines die from poisoned water and candy from an unknown source", "date": "1987", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 12.8796999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 121.7740000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "Nineteen Filipino police recruits die after drinking and eating water and candy from an unknown person.", "sources": [ "CBC News Online 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 12 police die in the Philippines after drinking poisoned water during a running race", "date": "1987", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 12.8796999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 121.7740000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "At least 12 and up to 19 runners die after drinking poisoned bottled water during a race. The runners were members of the Philippine Constabulary.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lack of water from drought contributes to onset of the Arab-Fur War.", "date": "1987-1989", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.378299999999999414512785733677446842193603515625, "lng": 24.904199999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "description": "The Arab-Fur War (1987-1989) between the Arab and Fur ethnic groups in Libya, is triggered in part by severe drought that strains farmer-herder relationships. Libyan leader Gaddafi sends drought relief supplies and weaponry to opposing sides.", "sources": [ "Bromwich 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank is bombed in Pakistan, injuring 15", "date": "1988", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.01509999999999678266249247826635837554931640625, "lng": 71.5249000000000023646862246096134185791015625, "description": "A bomb placed under a water tank explodes, injuring 15 people in Peshawar, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cubans attack the Calueque Dam in Angola, occupied by South African forces, during the Angolan civil war", "date": "1988", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -17.269400000000000972022462519817054271697998046875, "lng": 14.5478000000000005087485988042317330837249755859375, "description": "Cuban and Angolan forces launch an attack on Calueque Dam, occupied by South African forces, via land and then air. Considerable damage inflicted on dam wall; the power supply from the dam is cut. Water pipeline to Ovamboland is cut and destroyed.", "sources": [ "Meissner 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb is discovered near a water pumping station in Israel", "date": "1989", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 32.5287000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 35.25869999999999748752088635228574275970458984375, "description": "A large amount of dynamite is discovered near a water pumping station near Moshav Ramon, Israel prior to detonation. The detonation would have likely caused flooding and damage to agricultural land.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Alleged attempt to infect the water supply to a refugee camp with biological agents in Namibia", "date": "1989", "country": "Namibia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -21.392099999999999226929503493010997772216796875, "lng": 16.823699999999998766497810720466077327728271484375, "description": "The Civilian Cooperation Bureau, a covert South African unit, is accused of an attempt to infect the water supply of a refugee camp in Dabora, Namibia, with cholera and yellow fever. The attempt is thought to fail due to the high chlorine content in the water.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and other ecological threats used as justification for attack on cattle company", "date": "1989", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 38.44550000000000267164068645797669887542724609375, "lng": -121.8229999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "description": "A fire is set in a cattle company building outside of Sacramento, California, causing hundreds of thousands of dollars in damage. An unidentified caller claiming to be part of Earth First! states he set the fire \"because we are opposed to the livestock industry because it causes irreparable damage to the environment by putting chemicals in food and water and destroying natural habitat for wildlife.\"", "sources": [ "United Press International (UPI) 1989" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South Africa cuts off black community's water", "date": "1990", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -26.5167000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 29.966699999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "description": "Pro-apartheid council cuts off water to the Wesselton township of 50,000 blacks following protests over miserable sanitation and living conditions.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over water competition kills 300 along Uzbekistan border", "date": "1990", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 40.579599999999999226929503493010997772216796875, "lng": 72.796199999999998908606357872486114501953125, "description": "The Fergana Valley, shared by Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, is especially vulnerable to violent eruptions over water and ethnicity. In 1990 an outbreak of violence in the Kyrgyz town of Osh on the border with Uzbekistan claims over 300 lives. The violence is provoked by competition for water, limited arable land, and ethnic tensions.", "sources": [ "Khamidov 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on energy systems in Iraq leaves cities without water", "date": "1990-1991", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.22319999999999851070242584683001041412353515625, "lng": 43.6784999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "During the Gulf War, targeted attacks on transformers and turbines at water-treatment plants leave whole cities, such as Basra, without water or wastewater treatment. And due to embargoes, parts needed to fix the plants are not available. It is estimated that at least 25 percent of water-treatment plants in Iraq do not have backup power supplies and are inoperable after electrical grids are damaged.", "sources": [ "Human Rights Watch 1991" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Flows of water from Turkey's Atatürk Dam are threatened and used as a weapon of war", "date": "1990", "country": "Iraq, Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.485500000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": 38.3181000000000011596057447604835033416748046875, "description": "The flow of the Euphrates is interrupted for a month as Turkey finishes construction of the Atatürk Dam, part of the Grand Anatolia Project. Syria and Iraq protest that Turkey now has a weapon of war. In mid-1990 Turkish president Turgut Özal threatens to restrict water flow to Syria to force it to withdraw support for Kurdish rebels operating in southern Turkey.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "Gleick 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police report nine people are sickened by the intentional contamination of the water supply of a private apartment building in S", "date": "1990", "country": "Scotland, United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 55.9532999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "lng": -3.188250000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "At least nine people in an apartment building in Edinburgh, Scotland report coming down with a diarrheal disease caused by Giardia lamblia. Investigators of the incident believe that the water supply to the apartment had been deliberately contaminated with fecal matter containing Giardia.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "18 killed in Bengaluru, India after court order telling Karnataka to release water to Tamil Nadu on the Cauvery River", "date": "1991", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.9716000000000004632738637155853211879730224609375, "lng": 77.5945999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "description": "At least 18 people are killed in Bengaluru, India after a court order telling Karnataka to release water from the Cauvery River to Tamil Nadu sparked riots.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "British Columbia water supply threatened", "date": "1991", "country": "Canada", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 49.883499999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "lng": -119.4899999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "A threat is made via an anonymous letter to contaminate the water supply of the city of Kelowna, British Columbia, with \"biological contaminates.\" The motive is apparently \"associated with the Gulf War.\" The security of the water supply is increased in response and no group is identified as the perpetrator.", "sources": [ "Purver 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese villages exchange mortar fire over water diversion", "date": "1991", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 113.9500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "In December 1991, Huanglongkou village and Qianyu village exchange mortar fire over the construction of new water diversion facilities. Conflicts over excessive water withdrawals and subsequent water shortages from China's Zhang River have been worsening for over three decades. (See also entries for 1970, 1976, 1992, and 1999.)", "sources": [ "China Water Resources Daily 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During Persian Gulf War, allied forces attack and destroy urban water and sanitation facilities in Basra, Iraq", "date": "1991", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.525800000000000267164068645797669887542724609375, "lng": 47.77380000000000137561073643155395984649658203125, "description": "During the Persian Gulf War, Allied forces target water and sanitation facilities in Iraq's second-largest city, Basra. ", "sources": [ "Vulliamy 1991", "Middle East Watch (MEW) 1991a", "Middle East Watch (MEW) 1991b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraq destroys Kuwait desalination plants", "date": "1991", "country": "Kuwait", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.24119999999999919282345217652618885040283203125, "lng": 47.52239999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "description": "During the Gulf War, Iraq destroys much of Kuwait's desalination capacity during retreat.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "UN considers cutting river flow to Iraq", "date": "1991", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.485500000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": 38.3181000000000011596057447604835033416748046875, "description": "Discussions are held at the United Nations about using the Atatürk Dam in Turkey to cut off flows of the Euphrates to Iraq.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US destroys Iraq water systems during the 1991 Persian Gulf War", "date": "1991", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.327100000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "lng": 44.39030000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "During the Persian Gulf War, Allied Coalition forces damage Baghdad's modern water supply and sanitation system \"intentionally and unintentionally.\" Four of seven major pumping stations were destroyed, as were 31 municipal water and sewerage facilities in Baghdad \"resulting in sewage pouring into the Tigris. Water purification plants were incapacitated throughout Iraq\" (Arbuthnot 2000). Following the damage, the New England Journal of Medicine reports that, during the first eight months of 1991, childhood death in Iraq increases by 47,000 and the country's infant mortality rate doubles to 92.7 per 1,000 live births.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "Arbuthnot 2000", "Barrett 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US sanctions against Iraq target water systems", "date": "1991-2001", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 44.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "United States deliberately pursues policies that prevent repair and operation of Iraq's water systems through sanctions and withholding contracts.", "sources": [ "Nagy 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence erupts between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over use of India's Cauvery River", "date": "1991-2007", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.2018000000000004234834705130197107791900634765625, "lng": 77.57450000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "Violence erupts when Karnataka, India rejects an Interim Order handed down by the Kaveri Waters Tribunal, set up by the Indian Supreme Court. The Tribunal was established in 1990 to settle two decades of dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over irrigation rights to the Kaveri River.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "Butts 1997", "Inventory of Conflict and the Environment (ICE) 2000a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russians attack Moldovan hydroelectric dam", "date": "1992", "country": "Moldova, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.2777999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 29.1236999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "description": "In June, hostilities between Moldova and Russia in a short but intense conflict include a rocket-artillery attack on the hydroelectric turbines at the Dubasari power station on the Nistru (or Dniester) River.", "sources": [ "Malik 2005", "Belitser et al 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Serbs cut off water and power to Bosnian cities", "date": "1992", "country": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.8635000000000019326762412674725055694580078125, "lng": 18.4207999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "The Serbian siege of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, includes a cutoff of all electrical power and the water feeding the city from the surrounding mountains. The lack of power cuts the two main pumping stations inside the city despite pledges from Serbian nationalist leaders to United Nations officials that they would not use their control of Sarajevo's utilities as a weapon. Bosnian Serbs take control of water valves regulating flow from wells that provide more than 80 percent of water to Sarajevo; reduced water flow to city is used to \"smoke out\" Bosnians.", "sources": [ "Burns 1992", "Husarska 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent raids target water infrastructure between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan", "date": "1992", "country": "Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 37.55340000000000344471118296496570110321044921875, "lng": 66.3897999999999939291228656657040119171142578125, "description": "The Tyuyamuyun reservoir in the delta of the Amu Darya is a point of contention between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Violence occurs in 1992 over the re-direction of drainage waters and raids by both sides to cut off pipes and irrigation canals. Today, the Tyuyamuyun remains one of several disputed areas in continuing water dispute with Uzbekistan.", "sources": [ "Votrin 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water is used as a weapon in the dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan", "date": "1992", "country": "Azerbaijan and Armenia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.20819999999999794226823723874986171722412109375, "lng": 46.65090000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "In a dispute over the Karabakh region, Armenia takes control of the Sarsang Reservoir in 1992. Subsequently, Azerbaijan claims Armenia is releasing water from Sarsang Reservoir to damage Azerbaijan territories with artificial floods and cutting off water for agricultural irrigation.", "sources": [ "Ahmadi et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply to a Turkish air force base is poisoned", "date": "1992", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.9637000000000028876456781290471553802490234375, "lng": 35.24329999999999785131876706145703792572021484375, "description": "Potassium cyanide is discovered in lethal quantities in the water supply of a Turkish air force base. No one is poisoned prior to the discovery. The attack is attributed to the Kurdish Workers' Party.", "sources": [ "Chelyshev 1992", "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hungary and Czechoslovakia dispute over Danube", "date": "1992", "country": "Czechoslovakia, Hungary", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 48.02969999999999828332875040359795093536376953125, "lng": 17.198899999999998300381776061840355396270751953125, "description": "Hungary abrogates a 1977 treaty with Czechoslovakia concerning construction of the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros project based on environmental concerns. Slovakia continues construction unilaterally, completes the dam, and diverts the Danube into a canal inside the Slovakian republic. Massive public protest and movement of military to the border ensue; issue taken to the International Court of Justice.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Canal on China's Zhang River bombed", "date": "1992", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 36.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 115.099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "In August 1992, bombs are set off along a Zhang River distribution canal collapsing part of the canal and causing flooding and economic losses in a continuation of three decades of violence with confrontations, mortar attacks, and bombings. Conflicts over excessive water withdrawals and subsequent water shortages from China's Zhang River have been worsening. (See also entries for 1970, 1976, 1991, and 1999.)", "sources": [ "China Water Resources Daily 2002", "Pietz 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A major dam on the Cetina River, Yugoslavia is attacked in the Croatian War", "date": "1993", "country": "Yugoslavia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.79599999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 16.59570000000000078443918027915060520172119140625, "description": "The 65-meter high Peru?a Dam on the Cetina River was Yugoslavia's second-largest hydroelectric facility before the country's breakup with the Croatian War beginning in 1991. On January 28, 1993, Serbian/Yugoslav army forces detonate explosives at the dam in an attempt to wipe out Croatian villages and the port city of Omi'. A successful Croatian counter-attack allows military engineers to reach the dam and release water on time to prevent it from bursting, saving an estimated twenty- to thirty-thousand civilians. Credit for preventing a dam burst is also given to British Marine Captain Mark Gray, a UN Observer, for opening gates to reduce water levels prior to the attack.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "Rathfelder 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iran threatens West's water", "date": "1993", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.7096999999999979991116560995578765869140625, "lng": 51.43560000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "description": "A report suggests that proposals were made at a meeting of fundamentalist groups in Tehran, under the auspices of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, to poison water supplies of major cities in the West \"as a possible response to Western offensives against Islamic organizations and states.\"", "sources": [ "Haeri 1993" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraq uses water to silence opposition", "date": "1993-2003", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 30.885799999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "lng": 47.03540000000000276259015663526952266693115234375, "description": "To quell opposition to his government, Saddam Hussein reportedly poisons and drains the water supplies of southern Shiite Muslims, the Marsh Arabs, or Ma'dan. The marshes of southern Iraq are intentionally targeted. The European Parliament and UN Human Rights Commission deplore use of water as weapon in region.", "sources": [ "Gleick 1993", "National Geographic News 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indonesian security forces kill four villagers protesting the construction of Nipah Dam, Madura Island, Indonesia", "date": "1993", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -6.9499899999999996680344338528811931610107421875, "lng": 113.18500000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Indonesian security forces fire on villagers protesting the construction of Nipah Dam in Sampang Regency, in Madura Island of Indonesia's East Java province, September 25, 1993, killing four.", "sources": [ "Tani and Ningsih 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence occurs over land use of a water catchment area in Kenya", "date": "1993", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -0.6882420000000000204209982257452793419361114501953125, "lng": 36.25789999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "description": "In October 1993, violence erupts in the Narok district of Kenya's Rift Valley province. Maasai warriors attack immigrant Kikuyu settlers and massacre at least 17 of them, after Kikuyi settlers allegedly mutilated Maasai cattle. 16 more Kikuyus are killed in other parts of Narok and the rest of the Kikuyu population is forced out of the area and into refugee camps. Environmental concerns played a central role: a few months previously, the Narok County Council had declared Enosupukia, the site of the conflict, to be a water catchment area and decreed that all inhabitants, mostly transplanted Kikuyus, had to leave.", "sources": [ "Cerami 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Moldova threatens Russian army's water", "date": "1994", "country": "Moldova, Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 46.85260000000000246700437855906784534454345703125, "lng": 29.632400000000000517275111633352935314178466796875, "description": "Reported threat by Moldovian General Nikolay Matveyev to contaminate the water supply of the Russian 14th Army in Tiraspol, Moldova with mercury.", "sources": [ "Purver 1995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ecuador, Peru fight over Cenepa River", "date": "1995", "country": "Ecuador, Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -4.45000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125, "lng": -78.159999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Armed skirmishes arise between Ecuador and Peru in part because of a border disagreement over the control of the headwaters of Cenepa River.", "sources": [ "Samson and Charrier 1997", "Wolf 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Orma and Degoodi clans wage war over scarce resources in Kenya", "date": "1996", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.292225000000000012523315717771765775978565216064453125, "lng": 37.78750000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "The Orma and Degoodi clans in Kenya wage war over grazing land and water due to a severe drought, with 10 fatalities.", "sources": [ "Salehyan et al 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash between police and students protesting the lack of water on campus in Nigeria, injuring three", "date": "1997", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 7.3878000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 3.896399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Three students are seriously wounded in a clash with police at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. Police are preventing students from protesting the lack of water and electricity on campus.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5286570" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Malaysia threatens to cut Singapore's water", "date": "1997", "country": "Singapore, Malaysia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 1.3000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125, "lng": 103.7999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "Malaysia supplies about half of Singapore's water and in 1997 threatened to cut off that supply in retribution for criticisms by Singapore of policy in Malaysia.", "sources": [ "Zachary 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest against water prices in Mauritania", "date": "1997", "country": "Mauritania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.9000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "lng": -12.449999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "description": "The Mauritania government breaks up protests of water and electricity prices.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5014583, 5014584" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests against plans to privatize water and sanitation services in South Africa", "date": "1997", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.466699999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "lng": 30.966699999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "description": "Congress of South African Trade Unions, South African Municipal Workers Union and the South African Communist Party marched on the Nelspruit council to protest against plans to privatize water and sanitation services.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5569692" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Uzbekistan cuts downstream flow to Kazakhstan, prompting a riot by farmers", "date": "1997", "country": "Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.918599999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "lng": 67.691900000000003956301952712237834930419921875, "description": "Uzbekistan raises regional tensions by cutting off 70 percent of flow downstream, threatening 100,000 hectares and prompting a riot by Kazakh farmers.", "sources": [ "Hogan 2000a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Uzbekistani deploy troops to guard reservoirs along border with Kyrgyzstan", "date": "1997", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 41.902299999999996771293808706104755401611328125, "lng": 72.8661000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "description": "Continued serious water tensions between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan lead to the deployment of 130,000 Uzbekistani troops on the Kyrgyz border to guard reservoirs straddling the two countries. Uzbekistan accuses Kyrgyzstan of releasing too much water from the Toktogul reservoir. Kyrgyzstan, through media leak, hints that in case the reservoir would be blown up, the resulting flood would sweep away Uzbekistan's Ferghana and Zeravshan Valleys.", "sources": [ "Votrin 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Waterworks are sabotaged by armed groups in Mozambique", "date": "1997", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -17.964400000000001256239556823857128620147705078125, "lng": 34.39059999999999917008608463220298290252685546875, "description": "In Mozambique, unidentified armed groups sabotage waterworks and burn houses of civilians.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5014627" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bangladesh Nationalist Party strikes spark violence; demand to scrap Ganges River water-sharing treaty with India", "date": "1997", "country": "Bangladesh, India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.77720000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "lng": 90.3995000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "General strikes called by Bangladesh's main opposition party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), lead to sporadic violence with several injured on both sides, barricaded roads and rail tracks, damage to railway facilities, and stones thrown at trains. Among the key concerns are recent decisions concerning India, including an agreement on a landmark 30-year water-sharing treaty on the Ganges River that the BNP fears will help India impose \"hegemony\" in region. The BNP wants the water treaty scrapped.", "sources": [ "Kochanek 1998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Abkhazia cuts energy supplies to Georgia from the Inguri dam", "date": "1997", "country": "Georgia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 42.3907999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "lng": 41.55919999999999703277353546582162380218505859375, "description": "Energy supplies to Georgia from the Inguri hydroelectric plant are cut by Abkhazia (a disputed republic at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia) in retaliation for Georgia rerouting telephone lines from Abkhazia through Georgia. The dam and power plant are situated at the shared border with the breakaway Republic of Abkhazia. Negotiations between Georgia authorities and Abkhazia also focus on demands that Georgia reimburse damage caused by an explosion at a substation on November 11 caused by Georgian saboteurs.", "sources": [ "UNCHR 1997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Angolan rebels, government fight at dam", "date": "1998", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -13.45139999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "lng": 15.8699999999999992184029906638897955417633056640625, "description": "In September 1998, fierce fighting between UNITA and Angolan government forces broke out at Gove Dam on the Kunene River for control of the installation.", "sources": [ "Meissner 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on water system in Algeria", "date": "1998", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.38629999999999853343979339115321636199951171875, "lng": 4.95586999999999999744204615126363933086395263671875, "description": "A bomb placed by a group suspected to be affiliated with an extremist Islamic insurgency detonates near the Sidi Khaled water tower, Algeria, damaging a two-meter section of pipe. Four other similar attacks occur in Hassi R'mel, Ouled, Tolba, and Arzew. ", "sources": [ "A.B. 1998", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 199802200004", "RAND Databa" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between rival tribes over water in Darfur, Sudan", "date": "1998", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.4413000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "lng": 22.44539999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "description": "Clashes between rival tribes (Rezaigat and Massalit) over water and grazing rights leave more than 100 people dead and about 45 villages gutted in West Darfur, Sudan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5328198" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Congo rebels attack dam", "date": "1998", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -5.51667000000000040671466194908134639263153076171875, "lng": 13.621700000000000585487214266322553157806396484375, "description": "Attacks on Inga Dam during efforts to topple President Kabila. Disruption of electricity supplies from Inga Dam and water supplies to Kinshasa, Congo.", "sources": [ "Chenje 2001", "Human Rights Watch 1998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four people are hospitalized after drinking poisoned water in Guinea", "date": "1998", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 9.509100000000000108002495835535228252410888671875, "lng": -13.712199999999999278088580467738211154937744140625, "description": "Four people are hospitalized after drinking water poisoned with acid and sold at the 28 September Stadium in Guinea, where the President held a final campaign rally.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5270449" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Guerillas threaten Tajikistan dam", "date": "1998", "country": "Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.27600000000000335376171278767287731170654296875, "lng": 69.814899999999994406607584096491336822509765625, "description": "Tajik guerrilla commander Makhmud Khudoberdyev threatens to blow up a dam on the Kairakum channel if his political demands are not met.", "sources": [ "World Rivers Review (WRR) 1998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Major Puerto Rican aqueduct project is attacked", "date": "1998", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 18.220800000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": -66.5901000000000067302607931196689605712890625, "description": "A group called the Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros) claims responsibility for the bombing of a major aqueduct construction project in Puerto Rico, stating the attack is the initiation of an effort to defend Puerto Rico's natural resources from the government. The explosion causes significant damage to the project.", "sources": [ "US Department of Justice 1998", "Associated Press (AP) 1999a", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terr" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militant attacks on water supplies leave one dead and many villages in the Abkhazia region of Georgia without water", "date": "1998", "country": "Georgia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.70830000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "lng": 41.46600000000000108002495835535228252410888671875, "description": "Over the course of a few days, militant groups in the Abkhazia region of Georgia attack and damage numerous water-supply structures, leaving at least twelve villages without water. In addition, one person who is thought to be responsible for the placement of an explosive device on a water tower is killed when the device detonates.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Oil pipeline dynamited in Colombia, contaminating drinking water source for 200 families", "date": "1998", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.97299000000000024357404981856234371662139892578125, "lng": -71.9505999999999943383954814635217189788818359375, "description": "The Caño Limón – Coveñas oil pipeline owned by Colombia Petroleum Enterprise is dynamited, causing oil to spill into the La Gritane stream, which supplies drinking water to approximately 200 families in rural Colombia .", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "War between Eritrea and Ethiopia includes destruction of water systems", "date": "1998", "country": "Eritrea, Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.4431999999999991501908880309201776981353759765625, "lng": 38.50430000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "description": "During the war with Ethiopia in 1998, water-supply systems in the mountainous region of Debub and Gash Barka in Eritrea are destroyed.", "sources": [ "International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water line attack leaves 11 communities without water in the Negev area of Israel", "date": "1998", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.714099999999998402699930011294782161712646484375, "lng": 34.87570000000000192130755749531090259552001953125, "description": "Eleven communities in the Negev area of Israel are left without water after a main water line is attacked by an unknown group.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline connecting a marshland with an oil facility attacked in Colombia", "date": "1998", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.0617099999999997095301296212710440158843994140625, "lng": -73.8519000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "A water pipeline that delivers water from San Silvestre marshland to the Ecopetrol Industrial Complex is attacked. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) is presumed responsible.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water plants destroyed in Ethiopia-Eritrea war", "date": "1998-2000", "country": "Eritrea, Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.6333000000000001961097950697876513004302978515625, "lng": 38.83330000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "description": "Water pumping plants and pipelines in the border town of Adi Kuala are destroyed during the civil war between Eritrea and Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply to Kukes, Albania and surrounding villages is shut off after an unnamed chemical agent is discovered", "date": "1998", "country": "Albania", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 42.08070000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "lng": 20.414300000000000778754838393069803714752197265625, "description": "A chemical agent is discovered in the main waterline supplying the city of Kukes, Albania. The water supply is shut-off, impacting Kukes and the surrounding villages.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Wells contaminated during Kosovo war", "date": "1998-1999", "country": "Kosovo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.5, "lng": 20.89999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "Contamination of water supplies/wells by Serbs disposing of bodies of Kosovar Albanians in local wells. Other reports of Yugoslav federal forces poisoning wells with carcasses and hazardous materials.", "sources": [ "Schwartz 1999", "Hickman 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Yemeni pipeline destroyed in attempt to pressure government to build water and power systems", "date": "1998", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.4735999999999993548271959298290312290191650390625, "lng": 45.328800000000001091393642127513885498046875, "description": "Yemeni tribesmen, thought to be from the Jahm tribe, attack and destroy a pipeline in the Marib province in order to pressure the national government to build water distribution systems and power plants in their region.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Taliban Pashtun kill Hazaras in Afghanistan, throwing bodies down wells to poison the water supply", "date": "1998", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.7117999999999966576069709844887256622314453125, "lng": 67.1110000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "description": "In 1998, Taliban Pashtun troops capture the Afghanistan city of Mazar-e-Sharif. Investigators say thousands of Hazaras are killed and hundreds of bodies are thrown down water wells to poison the water supply.", "sources": [ "News and Jensen 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Members of a white supremacist group, The New Order, are arrested in Illinois with plans to poison water supplies with cyanide", "date": "1998", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.3992999999999966576069709844887256622314453125, "lng": -86.2065999999999945657691569067537784576416015625, "description": "A white supremacist group called The New Order plans to poison water supplies with cyanide, rob banks, and conduct murders and bombings in New York and Montgomery, Alabama. Members are arrested in sothern Illinois.", "sources": [ "Los Angeles Times 1998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on water supplies during the Kosovo War leave tens of thousands without water", "date": "1998", "country": "Albania", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.02680000000000148929757415316998958587646484375, "lng": 20.42269999999999896544977673329412937164306640625, "description": "During the Kosovo War, several attacks over the course of two days in early 1998 leave tens of thousands of Albanians without water. The first attack on February 21, 1998 destroys a main waterline for the town of Kukës, Albania and 15 other villages. The second attack happens on February 22, 18 km away at Kolesjan village.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "UN Environment Programme and UN Center for Human Settlements 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South African military attack the Katse and Mohale dam sites in Lesotho during political instability there", "date": "1998", "country": "South Africa, Lesotho", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -29.3368999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": 28.506099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "On September 22, 1998, South African National Defense Forces attempt to secure the Katse and Mohale dam sites in the Lesotho highlands during a military intervention over the disputed 1998 elections and subsequent political instability. South Africa is heavily dependent on water and power from the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Acting South African State President described the three objectives of the intervention as \"to secure the Dam, restore order in the security establishment, and clear protestors from the Royal Palace.\" Many deaths and injuries were reported.", "sources": [ "Likoti 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Puerto Ricans protest US Navy's water use", "date": "1999", "country": "Puerto Rico, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 18.238099999999999312194631784223020076751708984375, "lng": -65.6277999999999934743755147792398929595947265625, "description": "Protesters blocked water intake to Roosevelt Roads Navy Base in opposition to US military presence and Navy's use of the Blanco River, following chronic water shortages in neighboring towns.", "sources": [ "New York Times, The 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Serbs cut off water to Pristina", "date": "1999", "country": "Kosovo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.67479999999999762394509161822497844696044921875, "lng": 21.1788999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "Serbian engineers shut down water system in Pristina prior to occupation by NATO.", "sources": [ "Reuters 1999b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tajikistan releases water from Kairakum reservoir to cut water for cotton farmers in Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan cuts water to Kazakh", "date": "1999", "country": "Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": 70.0782999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "description": "In summer 1999, Tajikistan releases 700 million cubic meters of water from the Kairakum reservoir without warning its downstream neighbors. Among other effects, this cuts water to cotton crops in southern Kazakhstan, causing significant losses to farmers. At the same time, Kyrgyzstan cuts flows to southern Kazakhstan in retaliation for Kazakhstan's failure to supply coal under barter agreements.", "sources": [ "Hogan 2000b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Villagers killed in Yemen water clash", "date": "1999", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.5999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": 44, "description": "Yemen sends 700 soldiers to quell fighting that claims six lives and injured 60 others in clashes between two villages fighting over a local spring near Taiz. The village of Al-Marzuh believes it is entitled to exclusive use of a spring because it is located on their land; the neighboring village of Quradah believes their right to the water was affirmed in a 50-year-old court verdict.", "sources": [ "Al-Qadhi 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water cooler spiked with chemical agent sickens seven law students", "date": "1999", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 42.10130000000000194404492503963410854339599609375, "lng": -72.59059999999999490682967007160186767578125, "description": "A water cooler spiked with potassium cyanide sickens seven law school students in Springfield, Massachusetts. Swastika-like graffiti around the water cooler draws speculation about the attacker. ", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water for Luanda, Angola is cut off during conflict", "date": "1999", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -11.466599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "lng": 14.8332999999999994855670593096874654293060302734375, "description": "In Angola, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola attacks and occupies Catete, leaving Luanda without water. Additionally eight civilians and two FAA are killed and many others are captured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5557996" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water riots in Gujarat, India over control and access to water", "date": "1999", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.466300000000000380850906367413699626922607421875, "lng": 70.069199999999995043253875337541103363037109375, "description": "Three people die and 20 are injured in December 1999 in Falla, Gujarat, India when the police open fire on 300 people protesting the state government's decision to reserve water from the nearby Kankavati Dam for Jamnagar, a neighboring town. The dam had become the only source of water for about 60 villages near Falla, and shortages and overdraft of groundwater contribute to a water crisis.", "sources": [ "Financial Times Global Water Report (FTGWR) 2000", "Centre for Science and the Environment 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank in Istanbul, Turkey is attacked", "date": "1999", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 41.0082000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "lng": 28.97840000000000060254023992456495761871337890625, "description": "A water tank is damaged from a petrol bomb thrown by unknown assailants in Istanbul, Turkey.", "sources": [ "Anatolia 1999", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 199909280001", "RAND Da" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water-supply pipeline is attacked in France", "date": "1999", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.5912000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 3.258360000000000145092826642212457954883575439453125, "description": "Explosives are placed along a water-supply pipeline by the Comité Régional d'Action Viticole in France. No injuries to people are reported.", "sources": [ "France-Inter Radio Network 1999", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 199" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Yugoslavia refuses to clear river debris", "date": "1999", "country": "Yugoslavia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 45.22370000000000089812601800076663494110107421875, "lng": 19.787600000000001188027454190887510776519775390625, "description": "Yugoslavia refuses to clear war debris on Danube (downed bridges) unless financial aid for reconstruction is provided; European countries on Danube fear flooding due to winter ice dams will result. Diplomats decry environmental blackmail.", "sources": [ "Simons 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "100 bodies found in Angolan wells", "date": "1999", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -11.8405000000000004689582056016661226749420166015625, "lng": 17.3171999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "One hundred bodies are found in four drinking water wells in central Angola.", "sources": [ "International Herald Tribune 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "African nations fight over Zambezi island and access to water", "date": "1999-2000", "country": "Namibia, Botswana, Zambia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 25.21600000000000108002495835535228252410888671875, "description": "Namibia and Botswana engage in a territorial dispute over Sedudu Island, or Kasikili Island, in the Zambezi River, or Chobe River, related to the location of the border and access to water. The International Court of Justice rules in favor of Botswana in 1999.", "sources": [ "International Court of Justice 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb discovered at South African reservoir", "date": "1999", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": -25.75, "lng": 28.199999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "description": "A home-made bomb is discovered at a water reservoir at Wallmansthal near Pretoria. It is thought to have been meant to sabotage water supplies to farmers.", "sources": [ "Pretoria Dispatch Online 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb explodes on Cavallo off the coast of Corsica, cutting off water supply", "date": "1999", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 41.36670000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 9.2639399999999998414068613783456385135650634765625, "description": "A bomb explodes on the island of Cavallo, off the coast of Corsica, causing a disruption to the local water supply. The attack was likely by the National Liberation Front of Corsica (FLNC), which seeks independence from France. ", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese farmers fight over water", "date": "1999", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36, "lng": 115, "description": "Around the Chinese New Year, farmers from Hebei and Henan Provinces fight over limited water resources. Heavy weapons, including mortars and bombs, are used and nearly 100 villagers are injured.", "sources": [ "China Water Resources Daily 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between two villages in Mauritania over the control of a water hole", "date": "1999", "country": "Mauritania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.730000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "lng": -8.6699999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "description": "Clashes break out between the village of Djigueni and Missira in Mauritania over the control of a water hole for cattle. Clashes over water rights are common during the dry season.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5005903" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighting breaks out over the use of a watering hole in Mali and two deaths are reported", "date": "1999", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.8699999999999992184029906638897955417633056640625, "lng": -7.55999999999999960920149533194489777088165283203125, "description": "Malian herdsmen in Missira-Samoura refuse to allow a horseman from Mauritania to use a watering hole. The Mauritanian horseman rides off and returns to the village with other men. Fighting breaks out and results in two people being killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5281066" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indonesian militia dump bodies in wells in East Timor", "date": "1999", "country": "East Timor, Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -8.866080000000000183035808731801807880401611328125, "lng": 125.7950000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "Militia opposing East Timor independence kills pro-independence supporters and throws bodies in water well.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries at protest in Bangladesh", "date": "1999", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.709900000000001085709300241433084011077880859375, "lng": 90.4158000000000043883119360543787479400634765625, "description": "Fifty people are hurt during strikes called to protest power and water shortages. Protests are led by former Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia over decrease in public services and deterioration of law and order.", "sources": [ "Ahmed 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Major water pipeline in Zambia is bombed, cutting supplies to three million people", "date": "1999", "country": "Zambia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -15.5701999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "lng": 28.270199999999999107558323885314166545867919921875, "description": "A water pipeline is bombed along the Great North Road in Lusaka, Zambia, cutting off water three million people. A total of sixteen bombs are reported to have exploded throughout the city of Lusaka, with damage targeted at water pipes, power lines, and the Angolan Embassy. At least one person is killed and two are injured. No one claims responsibility for the bombs, however, it is speculated that the attackers were seeking to discredit the Zambian government by causing chaos. ", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 1999", "Associated Press (AP) 1999b", "Mulenga 1999", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and R" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple attacks on French utilities, including water, in one day", "date": "1999", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.5912000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 3.258360000000000145092826642212457954883575439453125, "description": "Reports find at least three attacks on utilities in the Hérault area of France, including one that damaged a water-supply pipeline.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "NATO strikes water facilities in Yugoslavia", "date": "1999", "country": "Yugoslavia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 44.807400000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "lng": 20.47800000000000153477230924181640148162841796875, "description": "NATO targets utilities and shuts down water supplies in Belgrade. NATO bombs bridges on Danube, disrupting navigation.", "sources": [ "Reuters 1999a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "NATO targets dam in Kosovo", "date": "1999", "country": "Yugoslavia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 44.807400000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "lng": 20.47800000000000153477230924181640148162841796875, "description": "Belgrade reports that NATO planes had targeted a hydroelectric plant during the Kosovo campaign.", "sources": [ "Sadler and Clancy 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "NATO targets water plants", "date": "1999", "country": "Yugoslavia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.66120000000000089812601800076663494110107421875, "lng": 21.1644000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "Water processing plants are targeted, among other structures, in an air attack on Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.", "sources": [ "Wikipedia 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Petrochemical and fertilizer factors attacked by NATO, leading to contamination of the Danube River", "date": "1999", "country": "Yugoslavia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 44.87400000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "lng": 20.647600000000000619593265582807362079620361328125, "description": "NATO attacks petrochemical and fertilizer factories in Pancevo, Serbia, claiming they are \"dual use,\" producing chemicals and parts for both military and civilian uses. The attack leads to the extensive release of ammonia, ethylene dichloride, and other chemicals into the Danube River and contaminates the city's water supply. ", "sources": [ "Schmetzer 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese man killed for speaking out against displacement of communities by the Three Gorges Dam", "date": "1999", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 30.826299999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "lng": 111.0040000000000048885340220294892787933349609375, "description": "In March 1999, Lei Weidong is killed for his opposition to the Three Gorges Dam in China. Before his death, Mr. Weidong traveled to Beijing to protest the dam that would displace hundreds of thousands of people.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lethal clashes between Malian herders and Mauritania clans over access to a watering hole", "date": "1999", "country": "Mauritania, Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.8061000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "lng": -9.1526200000000006440359356929548084735870361328125, "description": "Thirteen people died in communal clashes in June 1999 along the border between Mauritania and Mali. Conflict started when herdsmen in Missira-Samoura village in west Mali refused to allow a Mauritania horseman to use a watering hole. The horseman returned with some of his clansmen, attacking the village on June 20, causing 13 deaths.", "sources": [ "Edie Newsroom 1999" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A man is arrested for attempted poisoning of community water supply in Turkey", "date": "2000", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.16109999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "lng": 34.5302999999999968849806464277207851409912109375, "description": "A man is arrested for attempted poisoning of the water supply for the village of Kurusaray, Turkey.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Aqueduct in Colombia is attacked", "date": "2000", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.45164999999999988489207680686376988887786865234375, "lng": -76.5319999999999964757080306299030780792236328125, "description": "A bombing attempt occurs at an aqueduct in Colombia. The bomb does not detonate. The National Liberation Army is suspected in the attempt.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2000", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Australian hacker causes sewage spills", "date": "2000", "country": "Australia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -19.699999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": 145.80000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "In Queensland, Australia, police arrest a man for using a computer and radio transmitter to take control of the Maroochy Shire wastewater system and release sewage into parks, rivers, and property.", "sources": [ "Gellman 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Central Asian nations cut off water to neighbors in ongoing dispute", "date": "2000", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.42790000000000105728759081102907657623291015625, "lng": 74.6963999999999970214048516936600208282470703125, "description": "Kyrgyzstan cuts off water to Kazakhstan until coal is delivered; Uzbekistan cuts off water to Kazakhstan for non-payment of debt.", "sources": [ "Pannier 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between rioters and police over water shortages in Sudan leads to one death and many injuries", "date": "2000", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "Sudanese rioters who are protesting against the failure of schools to reopen as well as water and electricity shortages clash with police who intervene to quell the riot. At least one student is killed and many are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5576946" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ethiopian killed in water fight", "date": "2000", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9, "lng": 40, "description": "One man is stabbed to death during fight over clean water during famine in Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "Sandrasagra 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers are accused of intentionally releasing sewage to contaminate Palestinian agricultural fields in the West Bank", "date": "2000", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.981700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 35.28190000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers from Efrat are blamed for deliberately releasing sewer water into Palestinian agricultural fields in the West Bank.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kenyans battle monkeys for drought relief", "date": "2000", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.355280000000000040216718844021670520305633544921875, "lng": 40.22279999999999944293449516408145427703857421875, "description": "A clash between villagers and thirsty monkeys leaves eight apes dead and ten villagers wounded. The duel starts after water tankers bring water to a drought-stricken area and monkeys desperate for water attack the villagers.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2000", "Okoko 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Luxury home burned to protest impact on watershed", "date": "2000", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.1653000000000020008883439004421234130859375, "lng": -86.526399999999995316102285869419574737548828125, "description": "The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) claims responsibility for setting a luxury home under construction on fire. Their written statement says they targeted the home because of its location in the Lake Monroe watershed, a drinking water supply for the town of Bloomington, Indiana that is in jeopardy from urban sprawl.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "Eco-Action 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Moroccan army destroys wells", "date": "2000", "country": "Morocco", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.13329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "lng": -14.5, "description": "Units of the Moroccan army destroy the wells situated in the municipalities of Guelta and Boujdour. Citizens usually use these wells to provide water for their sheep in the summer.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5001292, 5001293" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Regional drought heightens tensions in Ethiopia and Kenya", "date": "2000", "country": "Ethiopia, Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.70354999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 37.89240000000000208046913030557334423065185546875, "description": "The Ethiopian government says that regional drought is worsening conflicts at watering points and over access to pasture. The tensions are heightened by the presence of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), an Ethiopian armed opposition group said to be operating from Kenyan territory near the common border.", "sources": [ "Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots over water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia", "date": "2000", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.3817999999999983629095368087291717529296875, "lng": -66.167000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "Massive protests, riots, and violence result from efforts to privatize the water system of Cochabamba, Bolivia.", "sources": [ "Shultz and Draper 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Settlers attack a village in Palestine, injuring civilians and cutting water supply", "date": "2000", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.1133999999999986130205797962844371795654296875, "lng": 35.14370000000000260342858382500708103179931640625, "description": "In a village in Palestine, three Palestinians are injured by gunshots from Israeli settlers. The same settlers also cut the water supply to the village by damaging the pipes.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Students riot to protest water shortages in Kenya", "date": "2000", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -0.33160000000000000586197757002082653343677520751953125, "lng": 35.94489999999999696456143283285200595855712890625, "description": "Students riot to protest water shortages in Kenya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5273804, 5001531" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorist drill gets out of hand in California", "date": "2000", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.7586000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": -120.8850000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "description": "A drill simulating a terrorist attack on the Nacimiento Dam in Monterey County, California got out of hand when two radio stations reported it as a real attack.", "sources": [ "Gaura 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent conflict in Afghanistan over access to water", "date": "2000", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.7999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 67.900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Violent conflicts break out over water resources in the villages Burna Legan and Taina Legan, Afghanistan and in other parts of the region, as drought depleted local resources.", "sources": [ "Cooperation Center for Afghanistan 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water company is bombed to demand release of prisoners", "date": "2000", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.3958999999999974761522025801241397857666015625, "lng": -1.454590000000000049595882956054992973804473876953125, "description": "A water company office in Ustaritz, France is damaged by a bomb thought to be placed in support of a group called the Basque Fatherland and Freedom (aka ETA). The attackers leave writing on the wall in the building demanding the release of ETA prisoners.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water storage facility is destroyed", "date": "2000", "country": "Eritrea", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.00919999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 42.7394000000000033878677641041576862335205078125, "description": "Eritrea accuses Ethiopia of bombing the Red Sea port at Assab, saying several bombs are dropped on Assab, destroying a water storage facility on the outskirts of the town.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5267507" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water-supply tank for a condominium in Singapore deliberately contaminated", "date": "2000", "country": "Singapore", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 1.35207999999999994855670593096874654293060302734375, "lng": 103.81999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "description": "A water-supply tank is deliberately poisoned with kerosene and turpentine. Residents of the condominium complex in Singapore discover the contamination from the odor of their water. ", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots in northern China over use and allocation of water from Baiyang Lake", "date": "2000", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 38.85000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 116, "description": "Civil unrest erupts over use and allocation of water from Baiyang Lake, in northern China. Several people die in riots by villagers in July 2000 in Shandong after officials cut off water supplies.", "sources": [ "Pottinger 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "French workers pollute river over labor dispute", "date": "2000", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.1527999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 4.82955999999999985305976224481128156185150146484375, "description": "In July, workers at the Cellatex chemical plant in northern France dump 5,000 liters of sulfuric acid into a tributary of the Meuse River after they are denied workers' benefits. A French analyst points out that this is the first time \"the environment and public health were made hostage in order to exert pressure, an unheard-of situation until now.\"", "sources": [ "Christian Science Monitor 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six deaths reported when officials in Guangdong, China blow up a water channel to prevent cross-border diversion of water", "date": "2000", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 23.132000000000001449507180950604379177093505859375, "lng": 113.2660000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "description": "In August 2000, six die when officials in the southern province of Guangdong blow up a water channel to prevent a neighboring county from diverting water.", "sources": [ "Pottinger 2000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents riot over cut of water supplies in South Africa", "date": "2001", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -34.05340000000000344471118296496570110321044921875, "lng": 18.6236999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "description": "Residents riot when officials in South Africa cut of water supplies to 1000 homes who are defunct on their payment. Police move in and disperse the crowd with rubber bullets.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4996607" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban in Afhanistan cuts off vital water supply to Iran", "date": "1999", "country": "Iran, Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 30.80890000000000128466126625426113605499267578125, "lng": 61.77170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "During a 1999 drought, Taliban authorities cut off the flow of the Helmand River between Afghanistan and Sistan-Baluchestan, Iran, which relies on the Helmand as its only source of irrigation. The Iranian government allegedly responds by entering Afghanistan and building a series of diversion canals to restore flows. A 1973 water agreement between the two countries is never ratified and both Iran and Afghanistan have reported violations.", "sources": [ "Karimi and Hulpachova 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Twenty people are killed over access to fresh water", "date": "2001", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.5, "lng": 40.030000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "Twenty people are killed in additional clashes between Orma and Pokomo ethnic groups over access to fresh water in Kenya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5274186" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two leaders of a water utility labor union assassinated", "date": "2001", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.0347000000000008412825991399586200714111328125, "lng": -73.23709999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "description": "The president of the Codazzi Waterworks Labor Union, Aldo Mejia Martinez, is shot and killed by five unidentified people. Six months later, his successor, Engeniano Sánchez Díaz, is also murdered. The murders may be linked to a larger trend of homicides in Colombia of trade-union leaders and activists.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "Trade Union Confederation 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US bombs Afghan hydroelectric facility at Kajaki Dam", "date": "2001", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.321899999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "lng": 65.11889999999999645297066308557987213134765625, "description": "American forces bomb the hydroelectric facility at Kajaki Dam in Helmand province of Afghanistan, cutting off electricity for the city of Kandahar. The dam itself is not targeted.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2001", "Parry 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank car is destroyed by a landmine in Russia", "date": "2001", "country": "Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.316699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "lng": 45.683300000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "description": "A water tank car is destroyed by a landmine in Grozny, Chechnya, Russia. A teenage girl is wounded in the explosion.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200108140011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bombing disrupts Lebanese water supplies", "date": "2001", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.0046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 36.2109999999999985220711096189916133880615234375, "description": "Water supplies to more than 20 towns are disrupted after a bomb explodes near the town of Baalbek in Lebanon.", "sources": [ "FBIS 2001", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200108270004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese protestors block canal in protest over uncontrolled water pollution", "date": "2001", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 30.903999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "lng": 120.618999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "In an act to protest the destruction of fisheries from uncontrolled water pollution, fishermen in northern Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, dam a large industrial wastewater canal for 23 days. The wastewater discharges into the neighboring Shengze Town, Jiangsu Province, killing fish and threatening public health.", "sources": [ "China Ministry of Water Resources 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between ethnic groups over access to water", "date": "2001", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.503600000000000047606363295926712453365325927734375, "lng": 40.03329999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "Clashes occur between Pokomo and Wordei ethnic groups over access to a water fresh source in Kenya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5274071, 5274070, 5274069, 5274068" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deadly fight between Kenyan herders and farmers", "date": "2001", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -2.439999999999999946709294817992486059665679931640625, "lng": 40.3900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "At least 130 people are killed in a string of clashes between Pokomo farmers and Orma, semi-nomadic cattle herders over access to land and river water.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2012a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kyrgyzstan charges downstream countries for water provoking a natural gas cut off from Uzbekistan", "date": "2001", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 43.47999999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "lng": 64.9026000000000067302607931196689605712890625, "description": "In June 2001, the Kyrgyz parliament adopts a law classifying water as a commodity and announces that downstream countries would be charged for water. In response, Uzbekistan cuts off all deliveries of natural gas to Kyrgyzstan and accuses Kyrgyzstan of failing to honor an agreement to provide Uzbekistan with water in return for oil and gas.", "sources": [ "Hogan 2000a", "Khamidov 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nepali soldiers stop rebels from targeting drinking water supplies", "date": "2001", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.80330000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "lng": 85.405900000000002592059900052845478057861328125, "description": "According to the Nepal Defense Ministry, soldiers repulse attempts by rebels to blow up the sources of Kathmandu's drinking water supplies at Shivapuri and Sundarijal. No details of these incidents are given.", "sources": [ "South Asian Intelligence Review 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinians destroy water supply to Israeli settlements", "date": "2001", "country": "Israel, Palestine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.374500000000001165290086646564304828643798828125, "lng": 34.3990000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "Palestinians destroy water-supply pipelines to the West Bank settlement of Yitzhar and to Kibbutz Kissufim. The Agbat Jabar refugee camp near Jericho disconnects from its water supply after Palestinians loot and damage local water pumps. Palestinians accuse Israel of destroying a water cistern, blocking water-tanker deliveries, and attacking materials for a wastewater treatment project.", "sources": [ "Israel Line 2001a", "Israel Line 2001b", "Environment News Service 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water shortages in Algeria", "date": "2001", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.64999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 7.58330000000000037374547900981269776821136474609375, "description": "Angry protests take place in various communities of Ain Berda province, Algeria over gas, water and electricity shortages. Youths build barricades and block roads during these demonstrations.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5241009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unrest over water shortages in Pakistan", "date": "2001", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.85979999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 67.008700000000004592948243953287601470947265625, "description": "Civil unrest over severe water shortages caused by the long-term drought. Protests began in March and April and continued into summer with riots, four bombs in Karachi (June 13), one death, 12 injuries, 30 arrests. Ethnic conflicts contribute as some groups \"accuse the government of favoring the populous Punjab province [over Sindh province] in water distribution.\"", "sources": [ "Nadeem 2001", "Soloman 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water cut off in Macedonian conflict", "date": "2001", "country": "Macedonia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 42.13000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "lng": 21.730000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "description": "Water flow to Kumanovo (population 100,000), Macedonia cut off for 12 days in conflict between ethnic Albanians and Macedonian forces. Valves of Glaznja and Lipkovo Lakes damaged.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2001", "Macedonia Information Agency 2001", "Guardian, The 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local community leader against the Babilonia hydro project murdered in his home in Honduras", "date": "2001", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 13.790800000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "lng": -87.2857000000000056161297834478318691253662109375, "description": "A local community leader in La Venta, Honduras, is murdered in his home by six guards employed by a dam company, Energisa S.A. Carlow Roberto Flores had worked to oppose the Babilonia Hydroelectric Project in Sierra de Agalta National Park. ", "sources": [ "Graham 2001", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An inter-ethnic conflict between Macedonia and Albania includes a fight over control of the major water-supply reservoir", "date": "2001", "country": "Macedonia, Albania", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 42.084800000000001318767317570745944976806640625, "lng": 21.210699999999999221245161606930196285247802734375, "description": "Macedonians and native Albanians in the border village of Radusa, Macedonia, fight to control the water reservoir that supplies water to Skopje, the nation's capital. ", "sources": [ "Fisher 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device is detonated at Lhokseumawe Reservoir in Indonesia", "date": "2001", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 5.17123000000000043741010813391767442226409912109375, "lng": 97.143699999999995498001226224005222320556640625, "description": "A homemade bomb explodes at Lhokseumawe Reservoir in Aceh Province, Indonesia, with minor damage to the facility. The attack is attributed to the Free Aceh Movement. ", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Philippine water poisoned", "date": "2001", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 6.702799999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": 121.96899999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "description": "The militant Islamist separatist group Abu Sayyaf threatens to poison the water supply in Isabela, a mainly Christian town on Basilan Island in the country's south. In October, residents in six nearby villages report water contamination from what smells like gasoline. Local officials respond by closing pipelines and bringing in drinking water by truck. ", "sources": [ "World Environment News 2001", "Fenton Helm and Dutter 2001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device is detonated at the Panauti hydropower plant in Khopasi, Nepal", "date": "2001", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.563300000000001688249540165998041629791259765625, "lng": 85.536100000000004683897714130580425262451171875, "description": "Suspected Nepal communist party members detonate an explosive devise at the Panauti hydropower plant, causing around $500,000 in damages.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorist targets water systems in the United States", "date": "2002", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 47.63069999999999737383404863066971302032470703125, "lng": -122.3430000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "description": "Papers seized during the arrest of a Lebanese Imam at a mosque in Seattle include \"instructions on poisoning water sources\" from a London-based al Qaeda recruiter. The FBI issue a bulletin to computer security experts around the country indicating that al-Qaeda terrorists may have been studying American dams and water-supply systems in preparation for new attacks. \"U.S. law enforcement and intelligence agencies have received indications that al-Qaeda members have sought information on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems available on multiple SCADA-related Web sites,' reads the bulletin, according to SecurityFocus. \"They specifically sought information on water supply and wastewater management practices in the U.S. and abroad.\"", "sources": [ "McDonnell and Meyer 2002", "MSNBC 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clashes triggered over a hydroelectric project in Ecuador", "date": "2002-2019", "country": "Ecuador", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": -1.8165800000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "lng": -79.068700000000006866684998385608196258544921875, "description": "A small community, San Pablo de Amali, in Bolivar province, Ecuador, resists a hydroelectric project on the local Dulcepamba River. The resistance by the community is generally peaceful, but some community members are arrested for acts of sabotage and destruction. In support of the developer, Hidrotambo S.A., the national government sends troops to the community on several instances, resulting in violent clashes. In 2012 the developer initiates construction. In 2015, the community claims that this construction causes severe flooding during a rain event, killing three local people, and destroying seven houses and 10 hectares of crop land. Judicial trials of community members are ongoing in 2019.", "sources": [ "Carson 2019, Staberock and Lahidji 2016", "Environmental Justice Atlas 2019", "Observatorio del Cambio Rural n.d.", "Calvopiña 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Warehouse of drinking water project destroyed", "date": "2002", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.99040000000000105728759081102907657623291015625, "lng": 82.3018000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "A rebel group, called the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoists, destroys a warehouse of the Bijauri Drinking Water Project in Nepal, including 30,000 meters of polythene pipes.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water company offices in Chile bombed in response to high tariffs for water", "date": "2002", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -33.44890000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": -70.6693000000000068894223659299314022064208984375, "description": "Three explosions occur at the offices of a water company, Aquas Andinas of Chile. The explosions are attributed to a group called Pueblo Reagrupado. Pueblo Reagrupado is thought to have placed the bombs in response to high tariffs for water.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipe destroyed by explosion in Serbia", "date": "2002", "country": "Serbia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.46090000000000230784280574880540370941162109375, "lng": 21.766200000000001324451659456826746463775634765625, "description": "A water pipe that had been planned for a new water-supply system in Bujanovac, Serbia is destroyed by an explosion. An Albanian group is thought be responsible for the bomb.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water reservoir sustains minor damages from bombing in Colombia", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.71098999999999978882669893209822475910186767578125, "lng": -74.072100000000006048139766789972782135009765625, "description": "The chief engineer of a water company reports minor damage from a bomb placed near a reservoir in Bogota by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortages cause riots in Algeria", "date": "2002", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.27170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "lng": 6.02310000000000034248159863636828958988189697265625, "description": "Power outages and water shortages cause multiple days of rioting in Rouached, Algeria. 11 people are injured. Riot police intervene.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5241148, 5241147, 5241146, 5241143" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Youths destroy local water, electric, and telecommunication facilities in Cote d'lvoire", "date": "2002", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 7.8231500000000000483169060316868126392364501953125, "lng": -5.81121999999999960806462695472873747348785400390625, "description": "On October 10, youths claiming to be members of the Group of Patriots for Peace (GPP) destroy facilities of the Ivoirian Water Distribution Company, the Ivoirian Electricity Company, and Cote d'Ivoire Telecommunications. Demonstrators say they were protesting the \"free\" supply of water, electricity, and telephone in rebel-controlled areas.", "sources": [ "US Department of State 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Priest in Honduras murdered for speaking out against the Babilonia hydro project", "date": "2002", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.030499999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": -86.0712999999999937017491902224719524383544921875, "description": "A priest, Fredy Cornelia Benitez, is murdered in 2002 in Honduras for speaking out against the Babilonia Hydroelectric project.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A man is arrested after threatening to dump mercury into local drinking water supply in Salem, Massachusetts, United States", "date": "2002", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 42.51970000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "lng": -70.896399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "A man is arrested after threatening to dump mercury into local drinking water supply in Salem, Massachusetts, United States.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "\"Unknown agent\" released into water-treatment plant in Colombia", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 1.852980000000000071480599217466078698635101318359375, "lng": -76.048900000000003274180926382541656494140625, "description": "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) releases an \"unknown agent,\" presumably thought to be poisonous, in a water-treatment plant. No injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Bogota Cambio 2002a", "Bogota Cambio 2002b", "Xinhua General News Service 2002", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and R" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Algerians riot over water shortages", "date": "2002", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.65570000000000305817593471147119998931884765625, "lng": 6.84046000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "description": "Algerians protesting against water shortages riot in the eastern coastal town of El Arrouch, Algeria, setting fire to buildings and vehicles.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb explodes in water-utility office building in Corsica, France", "date": "2002", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 41.59140000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "lng": 9.2783099999999993912069840007461607456207275390625, "description": "A powerful bomb explodes in a water-utility office building on the Island of Corsica, France. The building is also graffitied with the nationalist slogan \"Freedom for Patriots.\"", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb found in water pump station defused in Colombia", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.1979600000000001358557710773311555385589599609375, "lng": -75.1163999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "A bomb is found in a water-supply pump station along a canal, however it is defused prior to causing any damage to the system. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) is blamed for the attempted attack.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Botswana authorities destroy wells of Kalahari Bushmen", "date": "2002", "country": "Botswana", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -21.889500000000001733724275254644453525543212890625, "lng": 23.756499999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "description": "Botswana's president Festus Mogae sends troops to the Kalahari Desert to destroy wells and empty water sources of indigenous Khoisan (also known as Bushmen), ostensibly in an effort to remove them from their ancestral lands and assimilate them into modern society. Critics blame the government of taking away water rights in favor of mining interests and labeled the government's actions a \"siege.\" Botswana is condemned by international observers. Against expectations, a band of Bushmen retreat into the desert and survive for years with little outside assistance.", "sources": [ "Workman 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Colombian rebels bomb dam", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.519999999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "lng": -73.7399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "Colombian rebels in January damage a gate valve in the dam that supplies most of Bogota's drinking water. Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) detonate an explosive device planted on a German-made gate valve located inside a tunnel in the Chingaza Dam.", "sources": [ "Waterweek 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Colorado eco-terrorists threaten water supply", "date": "2002", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.88940000000000196678229258395731449127197265625, "lng": -105.7699999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "description": "Earth Liberation Front threatens the water supply for the town of Winter Park. Previously, this group claimed responsibility for the destruction of a ski lodge in Vail, Colorado that threatened lynx habitat.", "sources": [ "Crecente 2002", "Associated Press (AP) 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deadly clash over water sharing in Kashmir, India", "date": "2002", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.01469999999999771489456179551780223846435546875, "lng": 74.6946999999999974306774674914777278900146484375, "description": "Two people are killed and 25 others injured in Kashmir, India, when police fire at a group of villagers clashing over water sharing. The incident took place in Garend village in a dispute over water from an irrigation stream.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drinking water in Libornia, Colombia is poisoned", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 6.67745000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "lng": -75.811700000000001864464138634502887725830078125, "description": "Just one month after the poisoning of a water supply in another small town in Colombia, the water supply for the town of Libornia is poisoned as well.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drinking water poisoned in Pitalito, Colombia", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 1.852980000000000071480599217466078698635101318359375, "lng": -76.048900000000003274180926382541656494140625, "description": "The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) is accused of poisoning the town of Pitalito's water supply with heavy metals.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Far right-wing nationalists in South Africa plot to kill millions of black South Africans by poisoning water", "date": "2002", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -26.204100000000000392219590139575302600860595703125, "lng": 28.04729999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "description": "A major plot to kill millions of black South Africans living in the townships near Johannesburg is discovered by the South African National Intelligence Agency. The attackers are a group of far right-wing white South Africans. Their plans consist of contaminating water supplies by pouring an agricultural chemical into reservoirs that supply four townships. ", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four wells found with human remains in Cote d'lvoire", "date": "2002", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.0159000000000002472688720445148646831512451171875, "lng": -7.48439000000000032031266528065316379070281982421875, "description": "Conflict between the government of Laurent Gbagbo and opposing rebel forces leads to extensive violence and regional conflict. In late September 2002, there are reports of several mass graves discovered in the Bangolo. In Zeregbo and Bahably, four water wells are found with human remains. Early reports indicate that western rebel groups who captured the area killed the persons in the mass graves and wells between December 2002 and January 2003.", "sources": [ "US Department of State 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gas line set on fire in a water treatment plant", "date": "2002", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.831830000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "lng": -75.680599999999998317434801720082759857177734375, "description": "A gas pipeline in a water treatment plant is set on fire by \"People's Militias\" in Dosquebradas, Colombia. One death and two injuries are reported in association with the event.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Italy foils terror plot targeting water supplies", "date": "2002", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.9001999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "lng": 12.4839000000000002188471626141108572483062744140625, "description": "Italian police arrest four Moroccans allegedly planning to contaminate the water-supply system in Rome with a cyanide-based chemical, targeting buildings that included the United States embassy. Ties to Al-Queda are suggested.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple attacks on water towers in Pakistan", "date": "2002", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.01010000000000133013600134290754795074462890625, "lng": 71.5277999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "description": "Two water towers are blown up in Jango Ghari, Pakistan, a tribal area, where several other similar attacks have occurred. The power systems atop the towers are destroyed in the blast as well.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nepal rebels blow up powerhouse", "date": "2002", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.172200000000000130739863379858434200286865234375, "lng": 87.047899999999998499333742074668407440185546875, "description": "The Khumbuwan Liberation Front (KLF) blows up a 250 kilowatt hydroelectric powerhouse in Nepal's Bhojpur District, cutting off power to Bhojpur and surrounding areas. The damages take 6 months to repair and cost 10 million Rs (US $120,000). During 2002, Maoist rebels destroy more than seven micro-hydro projects, a water-supply intake, and supply pipelines to Khalanga in western Nepal.", "sources": [ "Kathmandu Post, The 2002", "Financial Times Global Water Report (FTGWR) 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Plot to poison water and food supplies reported by Russian special forces", "date": "2002", "country": "Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.31680000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "lng": 45.68180000000000262616595136933028697967529296875, "description": "A plot by Chechen rebels to poison water and food supplies in Groznyy, Russia, is reported by Russian special forces.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters clash with police over water shortages", "date": "2002", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.75249999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": 3.0419999999999998152588887023739516735076904296875, "description": "Clashes between protesters and police are reported in the east and south of Algeria, as well as in different neighborhoods of the capital, over water shortages. Streets are blocked and public buildings are burned.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5241129, 5241130, 5241131" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indian military protecting reservoir attacked by terrorists", "date": "2002", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.66969999999999885176293901167809963226318359375, "lng": 94.0692999999999983629095368087291717529296875, "description": "A camp of the Assam Rifles of the Indian military at Yairipok in Thoubal district with a mission to protect a water reservoir is attacked by suspected terrorists who fired grenades and other explosives on January 27. Later, a spokesman for the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) claims that the attack was carried out by its armed wing, the Manipur People's Army, which has been fighting for what it called an \"Independent Manipur.\"", "sources": [ "South Asian Intelligence Review 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Inter-clan fighting of the Mudug region in Somalia occurs over resource scarcity", "date": "2002", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.7105399999999999494093572138808667659759521484375, "lng": 47.99660000000000081854523159563541412353515625, "description": "About 40 people are killed and 60 wounded in inter-clan fighting in the Mudug region of central Somalia. The violence is sparked by revenge killings over the deaths of eight fisherman, but a local elder, Muhammad Salad Du'ale, attributes the ongoing violence to the scarcity of water and grazing.", "sources": [ "Puntland Development Research Centre (PDRC) 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rival Ethiopian and Somali ethnic groups clash over access to water", "date": "2002", "country": "Ethiopia, Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.08324999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "lng": 44.76389999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "description": "Rival ethnic groups, the Afar (Ethiopia) and Issas (Somali), clash over scarce water in mid-2002. The scarcity is due to severe drought pushing Issas into Afar territory for use of their watering holes. The UN Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia says that \"immediate political solutions are essential to negotiate conflict resolution between Afar and Issa communities over water and grazing land.\"", "sources": [ "The New Humanitarian 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Outspoken defender of the environment and settler rights, and opponent of the Belo Monte dam project, is assassinated in Brazil", "date": "2002", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -8.3166799999999998505018083960749208927154541015625, "lng": -55.100200000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "description": "In August 2002, Gilzan Teixeira Lima, a leader of a fight against the construction of the Belo Monte Dam project on the Xingu River in Brazil, is assassinated. He had received death threats for his defense of the environment and settler rights.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over Cauvery River in India", "date": "2002", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.416100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "lng": 77.650000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Continuing violence over the allocation of the Kaveri River between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Riots, property destruction, more than 30 injuries, arrests through September and October.", "sources": [ "Hindu, The 2002a", "Hindu, The 2002b", "PTI 2002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bolivian irrigators and residents clash over water rights, with destruction of water delivery infrastructure", "date": "2002", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -17.6099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "lng": -66.0199999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "description": "Tarata, Bolivia experiences violent confrontations between irrigators from the region of Arbieto and residents of the nearby town of Tarata. The dispute centers on the allocation of water among these users and new water infrastructure that took water from the Laka Laka dam. In October, irrigators destroy approximately two kilometers of water supply pipeline. In response, residents destroy part of a primary irrigation channel. After failed negotiations, the water system is damaged again in December in another confrontation between irrigators and village residents.", "sources": [ "Bustamante et al 2004, Moriarty Butterworth and van Koopen 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man poisons water reservoir in Henan Province, China, sickening over 60 to boost water purifier sales", "date": "2003", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.12400000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "lng": 112.474999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "A man who sells water purifiers poisons a reservoir in Ruyang County, Henan Province, China, sickening at least 64 people. The man claims that he wanted to improve sales of his product.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Qaeda threatens US water", "date": "2003", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.8950999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "lng": -77.0366999999999961801222525537014007568359375, "description": "Al-Qaeda threatens US water systems via call to a London-based, Saudi-owned magazine. The spokesman told the magazine that \"al Qaeda [does not rule out] using sarin gas and poisoning drinking water in U.S. and Western cities.\"", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2003a", "Waterman 2003", "Washington Times, The 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed cadres kill Bangladesh Nationalist Party workers over resource dispute", "date": "2003", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.8917000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 88.9030000000000057980287238024175167083740234375, "description": "Suspected armed cadres of the Purbo Banglar Communist Party (PBCP) kill six Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) workers at Naidighee village in Naogaon, on April 25. According to police sources, the incident appears to be a continuation of a long-standing dispute over nine government water reservoirs and khas (farming) land in the village.", "sources": [ "South Asian Intelligence Review 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb explosion breaks water main, cutting water supply for all of Baghdad, Iraq", "date": "2003", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.327100000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "lng": 44.39030000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "Insurgents bomb a main water pipeline in Baghdad, Iraq, cutting all water supply and flooding neighborhoods. City engineers say this is the first strike against Baghdad's water system during the Iraq War, which began in March 2003. The bombing occurs around seven in the morning, when a blue Volkswagen Passat stops on an overpass near the Nidaa mosque and an explosive is fired at the six-foot-wide water main in the northern part of Baghdad, said Hayder Muhammad, the chief engineer for the city's water treatment plants.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2003", "Tierney and Worth 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb found in water-supply facility in Ireland", "date": "2003", "country": "Ireland", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 54.24849999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "lng": -6.705040000000000333102434524334967136383056640625, "description": "A bomb is defused at a water supply facility in Keady, Ireland. The facility supplies about 10,000 homes with water. A group called the Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) is suspected to be responsible for placing the bomb.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bombs found at US bottling plant", "date": "2003", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 43.5846999999999979991116560995578765869140625, "lng": -85.4685999999999950205165077932178974151611328125, "description": "Four incendiary devices are found in the pumping station of a Michigan water-bottling plant. The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) claims responsibility, accusing Ice Mountain Water Company of \"stealing\" water for profit. Ice Mountain is a subsidiary of Nestle Waters.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2003b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Colombian water plant bombed", "date": "2003", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 3.42757999999999984908072292455472052097320556640625, "lng": -76.524799999999999045030563138425350189208984375, "description": "A bomb blast at the Cali Drinking Water Treatment Plant kills 3 workers May 8th in Colombia. The workers were members of a trade union involved in intense negotiations over privatization of the water system.", "sources": [ "Public Services International 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Darfur war triggered in part by disputes over control of water resources", "date": "2003-2007", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.2322000000000006281197784119285643100738525390625, "lng": 25.705600000000000449063009000383317470550537109375, "description": "The Darfur War is triggered in part by conflicts over the control of water and other natural resources.", "sources": [ "Bromwich 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Group bombs a rural water supply office and other offices in India", "date": "2003", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.197700000000001097077984013594686985015869140625, "lng": 79.70269999999999299689079634845256805419921875, "description": "A rural water supply office building is blown up along with other offices, in Parkal, India.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Caño Limón – Coveñas pipeline attacked, spilling oil into stream and polluting water for 4,700 families; 972 attacks since 1985", "date": "2003", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 6.967439999999999855617716093547642230987548828125, "lng": -71.1578999999999979308995534665882587432861328125, "description": "A controversial pipeline is attacked once again, causing oil to spill into a local stream, polluting the water supply used by 4700 families. The Caño Limón – Coveñas pipeline has come under attack hundreds of times in an attempt by the local population to disrupt and halt natural resource extraction by multinational companies. One source reports that since the pipeline was built in 1985 it has been attacked 972 times.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "SourceWatch 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraqi agents attempts to poison water at US base in Jordan", "date": "2003", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.07000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 36.308999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "description": "Jordanian authorities arrest Iraqi agents in connection with a botched plot to poison the water supply that serves American troops in the eastern Jordanian desert near the border with Iraq. The scheme involved poisoning a water tank that supplies American soldiers at a military base in Khao, which lies in an arid region of the eastern frontier near the industrial town of Zarqa.", "sources": [ "Feuer 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraqi water treatment plant damaged", "date": "2003", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.3898999999999972487785271368920803070068359375, "lng": 44.460700000000002773958840407431125640869140625, "description": "The Abu Nawas pumping station on the Tigris River, which supplies water to Sadr City and other treatment plants in Baghdad, is severely damaged during the 2003 conflict.", "sources": [ "International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli warplanes attack water systems in Gaza", "date": "2003", "country": "Israel, Palestine", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.501699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "lng": 34.46679999999999921556081972084939479827880859375, "description": "Israeli warplanes hit water supply wells, pipelines, and wastewater treatment plants servicing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in the Gaza region. Palestinian officials state that the attacks intentionally targeted the infrastructure, amounting to a war crime under the Geneva Protocol. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4991303" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents block highways in Algeria over lack of drinking water", "date": "2003", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.03690000000000281943357549607753753662109375, "lng": 6.57580000000000008952838470577262341976165771484375, "description": "A major cold wave and lack of electricity, gas, and drinking water has led residents of Ain Mlila, Algeria to block major highways until their demands are met.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4991269" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots over lack of water services in Algeria", "date": "2003", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.60000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 5.0999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "description": "Rioters in Algeria armed with knives and molotov cocktails set fire to government buildings in protest over lack of electrical and water services.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5566892" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sa'ad and Dir clans fight over water and grazing in Somalia", "date": "2003", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.84921999999999986386001182836480438709259033203125, "lng": 47.3308999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "description": "Two days of heavy fighting in Mudug region of Somalia leave at least 43 people dead and over 90 injured. The fighting breaks out between the Sa'ad, Habar Gedir subclan and the Dir, and is concentrated in and around the villages of Towfiq and Awle, some 200 km east of Galkayo. As with the 2002 events, the clashes are triggered by revenge killings but the ensuing escalation of violence is also attributed to disagreements over water and grazing in the area.", "sources": [ "Puntland Development Research Centre (PDRC) 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sudan targets water in civil war", "date": "2003-2007", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.466699999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "lng": 24.7667000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "The ongoing civil war in the Sudan has included violence against water resources. In 2003, villagers from around Tina said that bombings had destroyed water wells. In Khasan Basao they alleged that water wells were poisoned. In 2004, wells in Darfur were intentionally contaminated as part of a strategy of harassment against displaced populations.", "sources": [ "Amnesty International 2004", "Schofield 2004", "Bromwhich 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water bottles are intentionally contaminated in 20 different Italian cities, sickening more than 50 people", "date": "2003", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.8718999999999965666575008071959018707275390625, "lng": 12.56739999999999923829818726517260074615478515625, "description": "Around 50 people are sickened by water contaminated with either bleach acetone or ammonia in more than 20 different cities from across Italy. Authorities blame a \"saboteur\" or \"copy-cat saboteurs\" for these poisonings.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi and Murshid 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water systems damaged in US-Iraq war", "date": "2003", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.327100000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "lng": 44.39030000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "During the US-led invasion of Iraq, water systems are reportedly damaged or destroyed by different parties, and major dams are military objectives of the US forces. Damage directly attributable to the war includes vast segments of the water distribution system and the Baghdad water system, damaged by a missile.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2003", "Booth 2003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Women block water access to a naval base in Nigeria", "date": "2003", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.83330000000000037374547900981269776821136474609375, "lng": 6, "description": "A group of women in canoes protest safeguards on oil standards by blocking water access to a naval base in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5294140" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A package with ricin and a note are found threatening to poison a local water supply in South Carolina, United States", "date": "2003", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.84870000000000089812601800076663494110107421875, "lng": -82.4043999999999954297891235910356044769287109375, "description": "A package with ricin and a note are found threatening to poison a local water supply in Greenville, South Carolina, United States.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Grenades are fired at a water reservoir plant in Kidapawan, Philippines destroying a piepline and disrupting water supplies", "date": "2003", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.0130900000000000460431692772544920444488525390625, "lng": 125.090000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "Two grenades destroy a water pipeline at a reservoir in Kidapawan, Philippines, disrupting water supply to approximately 100,000 residents. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front is accused of the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200303190005", "U.S Department of Home" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rockets are fired at Kajaki Dam, Helmand Province, Afghanistan", "date": "2003", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.32269999999999754436430521309375762939453125, "lng": 65.1184999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "description": "The governor of Helmand Province, Afghanistan reports that three rockets are fired at Kajaki Dam. 60 suspected Taliban are arrested for the attack.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Sudan government bombs wells in Furawiya, Sudan killing animals and destroying a well", "date": "2003", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3562999999999991729282555752433836460113525390625, "lng": 23.61749999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "The Sudan government bombs wells in Furawiya, Sudan killing hundreds of animals and destroying a well.", "sources": [ "Heffernan and Leaning 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rebels destroy offices of local water utility in Sudan", "date": "2004", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.5157000000000007133849067031405866146087646484375, "lng": 24.865300000000001290345608140341937541961669921875, "description": "Rebels destroy several houses and the offices of the local police and water utility in Sudan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4987151, 4987157" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots in prison over water shortage, Cote d'Ivoire", "date": "2004", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.34109999999999995878852132591418921947479248046875, "lng": -4.0281000000000002359001882723532617092132568359375, "description": "Riots occur at the main prison in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire over a water shortage.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5249959, 5249958, 5249956, 5249955" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots over water shortages in Algeria", "date": "2004", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.7117999999999966576069709844887256622314453125, "lng": 4.045899999999999607780409860424697399139404296875, "description": "Riots break out in Algeria due to unemployment, water shortages, and resentment of the government. Protesters attack town halls and other administrative buildings.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5237320, 5237321, 5237322, 5237323, 5237324" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Security staff of a public water system shot at while working", "date": "2004", "country": "Kosovo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.89139999999999730562194599770009517669677734375, "lng": 20.8659999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Bullets are fired at the security staff of a public water pumping station in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo. Authorities blame Albanian extremists for the attack.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several government agencies related to water and other services attacked", "date": "2004", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.99040000000000105728759081102907657623291015625, "lng": 82.3018000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "Over two months in 2004 in Nepal, the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoists bomb several government offices, including the Water Induced Calamities Control Sub-Division in Nadipur, Pokhara and the Groundwater Irrigation Project in Dang District.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Students protest over water shortages", "date": "2004", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.5, "lng": 4.54999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875, "description": "Students protest over water shortages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5285986, 5285968, 5285957" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Students riot over power cuts and water shortages in the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "date": "2004", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.6933000000000000273558953267638571560382843017578125, "lng": 29.23389999999999844249032321386039257049560546875, "description": "Students riot over power cuts and water shortages in the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5560713" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorists bomb water pipe in India", "date": "2004", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.75, "lng": 75.1333000000000055251803132705390453338623046875, "description": "Twelve Indian security forces are killed by an IED planted in an underground water pipe during \"counter-insurgency operation in Khanabal area in Anantnag district.'", "sources": [ "Times News Network (TNN) 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US halts water projects in Gaza", "date": "2004", "country": "Palestine, United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.35000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 34.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "The United States halts two water development projects as punishment to the Palestinian Authority for their failure to find those responsible for a deadly attack on a US diplomatic convoy in October 2003.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US Pentagon report raises possibility that Taiwan could target China's Three Gorges Dam as deterrence threat", "date": "2004", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.82079999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "lng": 111.0019999999999953388396534137427806854248046875, "description": "A 2004 Pentagon report on China's military capacity raises the concept of Taipei adopting military systems capable of being used as a tool for deterring Chinese military coercion by \"presenting credible threats to China's urban population or high-value targets, such as the Three Gorges Dam.\" China promptly denounces \"a U.S. suggestion' that Taiwan's military target the Three Gorges Dam, leading the US to deny that it had so urged.", "sources": [ "China Daily 2004a", "US Department of Defense 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over water in Ethiopia", "date": "2004-2006", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.25, "lng": 44, "description": "At least 250 people killed and many more injured in clashes over water wells and pastoral lands. Villagers call it the \"War of the Well\" and describe \"well warlords, well widows, and well warriors.\" A three-year drought has led to extensive violence over limited water resources, worsened by the lack of effective government and central planning.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2004", "Associated Press (AP) 2005", "Wax 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests in South Africa", "date": "2004", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.533300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 28.800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "description": "Poor delivery of water and sanitation services in Phumelela Township leads to several months of protests. No one is killed during the protests, but a few people are seriously injured, and municipal property is damaged.", "sources": [ "Centre for Development and Enterprise (CDE) 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Sudan government and militias attack water systems in Furawiya, Southern Sudan", "date": "2004", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 15.35810000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "lng": 23.624300000000001631406121305190026760101318359375, "description": "The Sudanese government and Janjaweed militia poison a well in Furawiya, destroy the sole pump for a communal well in Terbeba, and toss dead bodies down a well in Bendisi, southern Sudan.", "sources": [ "Heffernan and Leaning 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorists attempt to recruit workers at a US water utility to poison drinking water", "date": "2004", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.7511999999999972033037920482456684112548828125, "lng": -102.8900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "The FBI and Homeland Security warn that terrorists are attempting to recruit workers at a US water utility to poison drinking water.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese engineers working on a dam are kidnapped, one is killed", "date": "2004", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.320300000000003137756721116602420806884765625, "lng": 69.859700000000003683453542180359363555908203125, "description": "Two Chinese engineers working on the Gomal Zam dam and a canal in Waziristan, Pakistan, are kidnapped by Pakistani militants seeking the release of six Pakistani comrades. During a rescue attempt, one of the two engineers is shot and killed, while the other is brought to safety.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "China Daily 2004b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Driver killed while transporting water in Iraq", "date": "2004", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.3566000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "lng": 43.1640000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "description": "A driver of a truck transporting mineral water in Mosul, Iraq is killed when his truck is set on fire. ", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "Reuters 2004c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four people employed by the water and sewage department kidnapped in Kirkuk, Iraq", "date": "2004", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.46560000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "lng": 44.38040000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "Three engineers and one contractor, employed by the city water and sewage board, are kidnapped in Kirkuk, Iraq. No reports could be found detailing the outcome of the kidnapping.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mexican farmers shot in duel over spring", "date": "2004", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.26899999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "lng": -103.3790000000000048885340220294892787933349609375, "description": "Two Mexican farmers argue for years over water rights to a small spring used to irrigate a small corn plot near the town of Pihuamo. In March, these farmers shoot each other dead.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2004b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militia attack village over land and water disputes", "date": "2004", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.8666999999999998038902049302123486995697021484375, "lng": 40.60000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "Boran militia attack Gabra village near the Ethiopian border. The attack is linked to long-running disputes over land and water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4985692" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militias smash water wells in Sudan", "date": "2004", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "Janjaweed militias smash water wells and burn both food and seeds in the Jebel Marra area of Sudan. They also allegedly throw dead bodies into some open wells.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5576261" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Missionaries working on a water project attacked in Mosul, Iraq", "date": "2004", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.3566000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "lng": 43.1640000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "description": "Four Christian missionaries from the U.S. are killed and one other seriously wounded when they are attacked while working on a water project in Mosul, Iraq.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "Renaud and Johnson 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistan targets terrorists' water", "date": "2004", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3068999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "lng": 69.860600000000005138645065017044544219970703125, "description": "In military action aimed at Islamic terrorists, including Al Qaeda and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, homes, schools, and water wells are damaged and destroyed in Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2004a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police kill dam protestor in China", "date": "2004", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.324999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": 102.6869999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "Tens of thousands of farmers stage a sit-in against the construction of the Pubugou dam on the Dadu River in Sichuan Province, China. Riot police are deployed to quell the unrest and one person is killed. Witnesses also report the deaths of a number of residents.", "sources": [ "Lim 2004", "Voice of America 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police kill water protestors in India", "date": "2004", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.19290000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "lng": 73.2092999999999989313437254168093204498291015625, "description": "Four people are killed in October and more than 30 injured in November in ongoing protests by farmers over allocations of water from the Indira Ghandi Irrigation Canal in Sri Ganganagar district, which borders Pakistan. Authorities impose curfews on the towns of Gharsana, Raola and Anoopgarh.", "sources": [ "Indo-Asian News Service 2004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters blockade a road over installation of pre-paid water meters in South Africa", "date": "2004", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.2667000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 27.86670000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "description": "Members of the Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee blockade a road in their city in protest of the installation of pre-paid water meters in their homes. Police use stun-guns to disperse them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4985178, 4985270" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed men attempt to gain access to the Zelenchuck Dam, Russia and are repelled, with one attacker injured", "date": "2004", "country": "Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 45.12310000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "lng": 40.71549999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "description": "A group of three armed men attempted to gain access to the water intake area of the Zelenchuck Dam in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic of Russia. Guards at the dam successfully repel the attack, wounding one attacker and arresting the others.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Murusade and Duduble subclans clash over water well in Somalia", "date": "2004", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 1.753270000000000106155084722558967769145965576171875, "lng": 42.86390000000000100044417195022106170654296875, "description": "Murusade subclan and Duduble subclan clash over a water well, with 23 fatalities. Separately, a dispute between the Dir and Marehan clans over control of water and grazing lands in Heraale leads to a death in October.", "sources": [ "Puntland Development Research Centre (PDRC) 2014", "The Somali Dir Clan's History: Codka Beesha Direed 2012", "Salehyan et al 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government shuts off electricity and water supplies in northern Cote d'lvoire", "date": "2004", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 7.6889599999999997947952579124830663204193115234375, "lng": -5.0129400000000003956301952712237834930419921875, "description": "On November 4, the army carries out \"Operation Dignity\" and mounts surprise attacks on Bouake, stronghold of opposition forces and the largest city in the north, shattering an 18-month ceasefire. The Government cuts off electricity and water supplies to the north the day before the attacks. They remain off for about a week.", "sources": [ "US Department of State 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots over water shortage kill prisoners in Côte d'Ivoire", "date": "2004", "country": "Côte d'Ivoire", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.39224000000000014409806681214831769466400146484375, "lng": -4.077510000000000189857018995098769664764404296875, "description": "There are two incidents in early November at Abidjan's main jail, La Maison d'arrêt et de correction d'Abidjan (MACA), Côte d'Ivoire in which prisoners are killed. The first incident is sparked by a lengthy water shortage; prisoners reportedly had not had water for 5 days except for small rations of drinking water. At least 7 prisoners die and 30 are injured in the ensuing riots. U.N. human rights officials said they were investigating the riot and could not give a final death toll.", "sources": [ "US Department of State 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb explodes at the construction site for Dumarao Dam, Philippines", "date": "2004", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.2539999999999995594635038287378847599029541015625, "lng": 122.691000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "Suspected communists detonate a bomb at the construction site of the Dumarao Dam, Capiz province, Philippines.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb explodes at the Selaghat Dam, Nepal cutting electricity to the area", "date": "2004", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.355599999999999027977537480182945728302001953125, "lng": 81.2894000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "A powerful bomb explodes at the powerhouse of the Selaghat Dam, Bajura District, Nepal. No group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rocket lands near an Israeli national water company facility", "date": "2005", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.192099999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 34.44950000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "A Qassam rocket lands near a facility belonging to the Israeli national water company, Mekorot, in the western Negev desert. There are no injuries or damages resulting from the strike.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200512120004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six employees of a water utility found murdered inside the water treatment plant in Baghdad", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "Six employees of a water utility in Baghdad are found murdered inside a water treatment plant. The actual date of their deaths is not known.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three Iraqis killed while driving water to an army base", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.5311999999999983401721692644059658050537109375, "lng": 44.26469999999999771489456179551780223846435546875, "description": "A group of three Iraqi men are shot and killed while transporting water to a military base near Taji, Iraq.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline attacked with bomb in Iraq", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.46560000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "lng": 44.38040000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "A bomb placed near a water pipeline explodes in Iraq, causing it to break. That same day, two nearby oil pipelines are also attacked. ", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline targeted in attack in Baghdad", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "A water pipeline is damaged by a targeted explosion, disrupting water services to approximately two million people in Baghdad, Iraq.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "New Humanitarian, The 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A lawyer who advised people affected by the construction of a dam in Mexico is killed", "date": "2005", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 21.42920000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": -104.4539999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "description": "A Mexican lawyer, Jaime Bracamonte Arias, who advised people affected by the construction of El Cajon Dam is killed in 2005 after years of receiving death threats.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Over years of opposition to the La Parota dam, three local organizers are killed in Mexico", "date": "2005-2007", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 17.9147999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "lng": -99.7416999999999944748196867294609546661376953125, "description": "Between 2005 and 2007 three local organizers in Guerrero, Mexico, Tomas Cruz Zamora, Eduardo Maya Manrique, and Benito Cruz Jacinto, are killed for their opposition to La Parota Dam project.", "sources": [ "Ojarasca 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A mortar round hits a water facility in Iraq", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 44.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "A mortar round hits a water facility in Baghdad, Iraq, resulting in a disruption of water supply to residents serviced by the facility. No one claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200507010006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb destroys power source for local water system in Albania", "date": "2005", "country": "Albania", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.398200000000002773958840407431125640869140625, "lng": 20.162600000000001188027454190887510776519775390625, "description": "A bomb explodes in the Margegaj village of Tropojë District in Albania, destroying a power source for the local water system. Several villages are left without water.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb placed at a water station in Iraq explodes prematurely and kills both attackers", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.84230000000000160298441187478601932525634765625, "lng": 44.52170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "A bomb at a water station in Iraq explodes prematurely, killing the two men placing the bomb.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Car bomb near water services director kills one", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.46560000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "lng": 44.38040000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "A car bomb placed near the Kirkuk city water services director detonates, killing one person and injuring at least 17 others in Kirkuk, Iraq.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Communist party in Nepal destroys a drinking water project", "date": "2005", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.982900000000000773070496506989002227783203125, "lng": 83.036100000000004683897714130580425262451171875, "description": "The Communist Party of Nepal-Maoists destroys a drinking water project in the District of Arghakhanchi, Nepal, disrupting water service to thousands of people.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunman take out electric lines, disrupting water service in Baghdad", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.67320000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "lng": 44.36149999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "Electric lines that provide power for water-supply services in Baghdad, Iraq are shot down by a gunman, causing a disruption to water services. These same power lines had been recently fixed after suffering from a similar attack in the months prior.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen attack civilians working on a water project in Iraq", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.5337999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": 43.483699999999998908606357872486114501953125, "description": "Gunmen attack civilians working on a water project in Al-Faris, Iraq, killing 18 and wounding 22. No group claims responsibility for the shooting.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200507260001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Marehan and Garre clans clash over land and water rights in Somalia", "date": "2005", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.3623799999999999243982529151253402233123779296875, "lng": 47.7032999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "description": "The Marehan and Garre clans clash over land and water rights in Somalia, with 34 fatalities.", "sources": [ "Salehyan et al 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Power station damaged, taking down some of Baghdad's water distribution system", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.67320000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "lng": 44.36149999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "A power station in Tarmiyah, Iraq is damaged by a fire, disabling a portion of Baghdad's water-distribution system.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Over 90 dead in Kenya water fight", "date": "2005", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 2.333330000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "lng": 37.9832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Police are sent to the northwestern part of Kenya to control a major violent dispute between Kikuyu and Maasai groups over water. More than 20 people are killed in fighting in January. By July, the death toll exceeds 90, principally in the rural center of Turbi. The tensions arise over grazing and water. Maasai herdsmen accuse a local Kikuyu politician of diverting a river to irrigate his farm, depriving downstream livestock. Fighting displaces more than 2000 villagers and reflects tensions between nomadic and settled communities.", "sources": [ "British_Broadcasting_Corporation_BBC_2005", "Ryu 2009", "Lane 2005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb prematurely explodes at Mirani Dam in southern Pakistan, killing one attacker and injuring the other", "date": "2005", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 25.94539999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "lng": 62.6923000000000030240698833949863910675048828125, "description": "Two militants attempt to detonate an explosive device at the Merani Dam Project offices in southern Pakistan, near Iran. The explosive device detonates prematurely, killing one attacker and injuring the other.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants detonate a bomb at the Haditha Dam on the Euphrates River in Iraq", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.207099999999996953192749060690402984619140625, "lng": 42.35499999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "description": "Assailants detonate a timed IED outside the central transformer room of the Haditha Dam on the Euphrates River in Iraq, damaging the dam. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indian border guards and Bangladesh military clash over contruction of infrastructure on the Mahananda River", "date": "2005", "country": "Bangladesh, India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.14999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 88.349999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Indian Border Security Force (BSF) and Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) exchange fire over the construction of embankments on the Mahananda River. Indian officials argue the construction of a concrete embankment by Bangladesh will increase erosion on the Indian side and violate a 1975 agreement on border and river management between the two countries.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News 2005", "Ramachandran 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A rocket-propelled grenade is fired at the Haditha Dam", "date": "2005", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.2077000000000026602720026858150959014892578125, "lng": 42.35549999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "description": "Insurgents fire a rocket-propelled grenade at Haditha Dam, Iraq. The grenade strikes power lines before detonating on the dam.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Taliban militants lay explosives in an apparent attempt to cause failure of the Kajaki Dam in Afghanistan", "date": "2005", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.32350000000000278532752417959272861480712890625, "lng": 65.1178000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "Twenty suspected Taliban militants access the Kajaki Dam and began to lay explosives in an apparent attempt to cause a dam failure. NATO and Afghan troops arrest the militants prior to detonation of explosives.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rocket attack damages a Mekorot water station, Israel", "date": "2006", "country": "Israel, Palestine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.634299999999999641886461176909506320953369140625, "lng": 34.5551999999999992496668710373342037200927734375, "description": "Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) claims responsibility for a rocket attack, which is aimed at Ashkelon, Israel, but lands in an industrial area just south of Ashkelon, damaging a Mekorot water station.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200602030011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sudanese militia attacks villagers concerned about the impacts of a dam, killing three", "date": "2006", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.90050000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 32.1345000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "description": "Militia of the Merowe Dam Militia Implementation Unit in the Sudan attack a gathering of villagers concerned about the community impacts of the dam at a school in Amri village, killing three farmers and injuring more than 50 others.", "sources": [ "Bosshard 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected terrorists kill a water tanker driver in Pakistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.06949999999999789679350215010344982147216796875, "lng": 70.0468000000000046156856114976108074188232421875, "description": "Suspected terrorists shoot and kill a water tanker driver and his assistant in Dherdoni who supply water to security forces near the Afghan border in North Waziristan, Pakistan. No group claims responsibility for the attack, but the Taliban is blamed.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200604100009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban attack workers repairing the Kajaki Dam, Afghanistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.33059999999999689634933019988238811492919921875, "lng": 64.1132999999999952933649183250963687896728515625, "description": "Soldiers, police, and workers at Afghanistan’s Kajaki Dam are attacked by Taliban insurgents in an effort to disrupt assistance programs and prevent people from cooperating with the government and foreign forces.", "sources": [ "Gall 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two bombs explode at a water collection point in India", "date": "2006", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 20.5936999999999983401721692644059658050537109375, "lng": 78.9629000000000047521098167635500431060791015625, "description": "Two bombs detonate at a water collection point near a village in India. No one is injured from the explosions.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two water truck drivers killed in Iraq", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "The drivers of a water truck are killed in Baghdad, Iraq by a gunman while driving for work.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unsuccessful targeting of water pipeline In Baghdad, Iraq", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "A water pipeline in Baghdad is targeted by an explosive device placed nearby. However, the explosion does not damage the pipeline.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent water clashes in Somali", "date": "2006", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.25, "lng": 44, "description": "At least 12 people die and over 20 are wounded in clashes over competition for water and pasture in the Somali border region.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2006a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and gas supplies disrupted by explosion in Pakistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.142099999999999226929503493010997772216796875, "lng": 69.099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Water and gas pipelines in Pir Koh, Pakistan are destroyed, disrupting the delivery of these supplies to nearby communities. The Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) takes responsibility for the explosion.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water clashes kill 40 in Kenya and Ethiopia", "date": "2006", "country": "Ethiopia, Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.333330000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "lng": 37.9832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "At least 40 people die in Kenya and Ethiopia in continuing clashes over water, livestock, and grazing land. Fighting occurs in the southern Ethiopia in the region of Oromo and the northern Kenya Marsabit district.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipelines destroyed by rocket attacks and explosives in Pakistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.0277999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 69.0969999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "description": "Several attacks with rockets and other explosives on pipelines that supply water to a gas plant in Dera Bugti, Pakistan, disrupt gas production.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "Dawn 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank drivers killed in Pakistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.375299999999999300825948012061417102813720703125, "lng": 69.34510000000000218278728425502777099609375, "description": "Two people driving a water tank in Pakistan are shot and killed. They had delivered water to security forces along the Afghan border.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water utility systems destroyed during conflict in Congo", "date": "2006", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -3.45099000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "lng": 21.73870000000000146656020660884678363800048828125, "description": "During the long-running conflict in the Congo, many water-utility systems are attacked and destroyed. By 2006, the World Bank estimates that at least one-third of water utility installations have been looted and completely destroyed.", "sources": [ "UN Environmental Program (UNEP) 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Planted computer virus used to control chlorine output found in a water-treatment system in Pennsylvania, United States", "date": "2006", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 40.27279999999999660076355212368071079254150390625, "lng": -76.89199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "An unknown individual plants a computer virus in a water-treatment system in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States to control chlorine output.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "200 people attack home of Water Resource Minister in India", "date": "2006", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.12859999999999871533873374573886394500732421875, "lng": 84.185699999999997089616954326629638671875, "description": "A group of around 200 people attack the home residence of Kamlesh Kumar Singh, the Jharkhand Water Resources Minister, in Kamgarpur, Palamu District, India. The minister is not home during the attack.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosion damages a water pipeline supplying water to parts of Sri Lanka's capital, Colombo and surrounding suburbs", "date": "2006", "country": "Sri Lanka", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.8411699999999999732835931354202330112457275390625, "lng": 79.902500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "An explosion damages a water pipeline that supplies water to parts of Sri Lanka's capital, Colombo, and surrounding suburbs. Tens of thousands of homes are without potable water as a consequence. No group claims responsibility but the act of sabotage occurs shortly after the Sri Lankan government reinvokes anti-terrorism legislation.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200610120005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed clashes in Yemen over water well", "date": "2006", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.6667000000000005144329406903125345706939697265625, "lng": 43.7667000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "Local media report a struggle between Hajja and Amran tribes over a well located between the two governorates in Yemen. According to news reports, armed clashes between the two sides force many families to leave their homes and migrate. News reports confirm that authorities had arrested 20 people in an attempt to stop the fighting.", "sources": [ "Al-Ariqi 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb attached to police vehicle carrying water supplies injures three in Sri Lanka", "date": "2006", "country": "Sri Lanka", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 8.754200000000000869704308570362627506256103515625, "lng": 80.498199999999997089616954326629638671875, "description": "Three police officers are injured after a bomb explodes from underneath a water truck in Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb explodes near water pump station in Pakistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.1798000000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": 66.9750999999999976353137753903865814208984375, "description": "A bomb explodes near a water pump station in Quetta, Pakistan. No one is injured in the explosion. ", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dam protester executed in China", "date": "2006", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.324999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": 102.6869999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "Chinese authorities execute a man who took part in protests against the Pubugou dam in Sichuan province in 2004 (see China 2004 entry). Chen Tao is convicted of killing a policeman, but is executed before legal appeals are completed.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2006d", "Coonan 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Director of water project killed", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.75959999999999894271240918897092342376708984375, "lng": 44.60669999999999646433934685774147510528564453125, "description": "The director of the Baqubah water project, Husayn Ali Atiyah, is killed by gunmen. The attack is considered part of a larger effort to undermine the Iraqi reconstruction process.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drinking water supply for thousands destroyed in Nepal", "date": "2006", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 28.827799999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": 81.956400000000002137312549166381359100341796875, "description": "Several drinking water supply reservoirs and pipelines that provide water for more than 20,000 people are destroyed by explosives in the Narayan and Jajarkot areas of Nepal. The Communist Party of Nepal-Maoists is suspected to be responsible for the attack.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Employee of Iraq's Ministry of Water Resources killed", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "An employee of the Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq is killed by a gunman.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosive device targeting a water main in Iraq detonates early, killing two, wounding one", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.46560000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "lng": 44.38040000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "An explosive device targeting a water main in Kirkuk, Iraq, detonates prematurely, killing two and injuring one of the attackers.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gas and water pipeline blown up by insurgents in Pakistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.41499999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "lng": 67.70040000000000190993887372314929962158203125, "description": "A gas line and water pipeline in the Pir Koh - Dera Bugti District, Pakistan, is blown up by insurgents, resulting in the suspension of water and gas supply to adjacent areas.", "sources": [ "South Asian Intelligence Review n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government water official killed in Iraq", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.46560000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "lng": 44.38040000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "A government official working with the water authority in Kirkuk, Iraq is killed.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen attack the drinking water treatment plant to the U.S. Ayn al-Asad base in Iraq", "date": "2006", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.85000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 42.5499999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "Gunmen blow up the pipes of a drinking water treatment plant running to the U.S. Ayn al-Asad base in Iraq. Clashes rage between the gunmen and members of the plant's security, and are followed by explosions that lead to the destruction of the plant's water pumps and power generators. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200604100025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lebanon, Israel target water infrastructure in attacks", "date": "2006", "country": "Israel, Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.2957999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "lng": 35.53309999999999746478351880796253681182861328125, "description": "Hezbollah rockets damage a wastewater plant in Israel. Israeli counter-attacks damage water systems throughout southern Lebanon, including tanks, pipes, pumping stations, and facilities along the Litani River.", "sources": [ "Science 2006", "Amnesty International 2006", "Murphy 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants wound guards at a water-supply company in Algeria", "date": "2006", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.75800000000000267164068645797669887542724609375, "lng": 3.485189999999999788116156196338124573230743408203125, "description": "Militants from the Salafist Group for Call and Combat attack a guard station at a water-supply company in Thenia, near Boumerdès, Algeria. Two guards are wounded in the attack.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sri Lankan rebels cut water supplies", "date": "2006", "country": "Sri Lanka", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 9.0999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": 80.6193999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "description": "A major battle between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers, LTTE) and the Sri Lankan Armed Forces takes place in July and August 2006 around the watershed of the Mavil Aru (Mother River) in the Kallar area of Trincomalee district. The Mavil Aru, a tributary of the Mahaweli River, supplies water to 20,000 villagers in the eastern Sri Lanka. The sluice-gates of the waterway are captured and closed by the LTTE, cutting off water supplies and leading to a major operation against them by the Sri Lankan military. The armed forces launch air strikes with the aim of capturing the waterway and sluice-gates, which was achieved on August 11, 2006.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2006b", "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2006c", "Gutierrez 2006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "British soldiers are injured by mines at Kajaki Dam, Afghanistan", "date": "2006", "country": "Afghanistan, United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.33059999999999689634933019988238811492919921875, "lng": 64.1132999999999952933649183250963687896728515625, "description": "Five British soldiers are injured by land mines at Afghanistan's Kajaki Dam on the Helmand River. The mines were left over from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "Harding 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A forced displacement campaign by the Ethiopian military includes destruction of water wells and other sources", "date": "2007", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 8.0207099999999993400479070260189473628997802734375, "lng": 39.00930000000000319460013997741043567657470703125, "description": "During a violent, forced displacement effort by the Ethiopian military, water wells and other water supply sources are destroyed. The Ethiopian military is seeking to move people out of the country side and into larger towns and cities in order to continue their counterinsurgency fight against the Ogaden National Liberation Front. Numerous sources report executions of those who refuse to cooperate.", "sources": [ "Human Rights Watch 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A review of long-term violence in Guatemala identifies more than 60 environmental activists killed", "date": "2007-2017", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.783500000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "lng": -90.2308000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "description": "Research by a professor at the University of Regina, Canada, finds that between 2007 and 2017 at least 61 Guatemalan activists were murdered for their work protecting rivers, lands, and the people who depend on them for their livelihoods.", "sources": [ "Granovsky-Larsen 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on a water filtering station leaves at least 33 dead in Diyala, Iraq", "date": "2007", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.84230000000000160298441187478601932525634765625, "lng": 44.52170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "An attack on a water-filtering station in the Al-Khalis District of Diyala Governorate in Iraq is thwarted by the Iraqi military and other forces, leaving at least 33 of the attackers dead. The number of deaths on the Iraqi side is not reported.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Australian man murdered in fight over water restrictions", "date": "2007", "country": "Australia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -33.8599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "lng": 151.210000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "description": "A 36-year-old Australian is charged with murder after killing a man during a fight over water restrictions in Sydney. A number of incidents have been reported following ten years of drought and water restrictions, leading scholars to suggest a \"link between persistent urban water restrictions and civil unrest.\"", "sources": [ "ABC News 2007", "Crase 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb placed on water meter kills four police officers in Colombia, while another under a car injures ten", "date": "2007", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.934480000000000199378291654284112155437469482421875, "lng": -75.280900000000002592059900052845478057861328125, "description": "A bomb placed on a water meter in Cielo Gonzalez Villa, Neiva, Colombia detonates, killing four police officers. On the same day, another bomb placed under a car detonates in front of a building occupied by the local mayor, injuring ten people. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) is suspected of the crimes.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018: Kraul 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflicts in Burkina Faso", "date": "2007", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.6133000000000006224354365258477628231048583984375, "lng": -0.98277800000000004043698709210730157792568206787109375, "description": "Declining rainfall has led to growing fights between animal herders and farmers with competing needs in Burkina Faso. In August, 2007 people are forced to flee their homes by fighting in Zounweogo province.", "sources": [ "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Director-general of water projects killed by gunmen in Iraq", "date": "2007", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.41629999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "lng": 42.96520000000000294448909698985517024993896484375, "description": "The director-general of water projects in Badush, Iraq is shot and killed by gunmen.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries at protest in Orissa, India", "date": "2007", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.532399999999999096189640113152563571929931640625, "lng": 83.8739000000000061163518694229423999786376953125, "description": "Thousands of farmers breach security and storm the area of Hirakud dam to protest allocation of water to industry. Minor injuries are reported during the conflict between the farmers and police.", "sources": [ "Statesman News Service 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel's sanctions against Gaza cause water shortages", "date": "2007", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.35000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 34.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "Israel's sanctions against Gaza cause water shortages and a growing public health risk. In particular, restrictions on fuel, spare parts, and maintenance equipment threaten the functioning of Gaza's already limited water and sanitation system.", "sources": [ "Oxfam 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mortar fired at water-treatment plant in Iraq", "date": "2007", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "A mortar is fired at a water treatment plant in Baghdad, Iraq. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors block main road in response to water diversion in Egypt", "date": "2007", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.920400000000000773070496506989002227783203125, "lng": 28.5544000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "In 2007 and 2008, shortages of drinking water provoke demonstrations in towns and villages in the Nile Delta: participants speak of a \"Revolution of the Thirsty.\" Protestors block the main coastal road after the regional water company diverted water from farming and fishing towns to affluent resort communities. Riot police are sent to quell the disturbances.", "sources": [ "Marfleet 2011", "Piper 2012", "Salehyan et al 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soldiers threaten to throw woman into a well and drown her if she does not comply", "date": "2007", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 6.09421999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 44.766199999999997771737980656325817108154296875, "description": "A 20-year-old woman reports that prior to being beaten by military forces, she was threatened with drowning in a well if she does not comply. This report is associated with reports soldiers guarding water holes and of other human rights abuses by the Ethiopian military from their campaign to defeat the Ogaden National Liberation Front.", "sources": [ "Human Rights Watch 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tampering of bottled water in Toronto, Canada", "date": "2007", "country": "Canada", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 43.72840000000000060254023992456495761871337890625, "lng": -79.3872000000000070940586738288402557373046875, "description": "A Toronto, Canada man previously accused of attempted murder and illegal possession of explosives is charged with eight more counts of attempted murder after allegedly tampering with bottled water, which he injected with an unspecified liquid.", "sources": [ "Toronto Star 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tigris River polluted after bomb strikes oil pipeline in Iraq", "date": "2007", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.018000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": 43.4451999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "The Tigris River is polluted with oil after a bomb strikes a pipeline near Baiji, Iraq. The river supplies drinking water for nearby communities.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people wounded by bomb at local watering hole in Algeria", "date": "2007", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.816699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "lng": 5.74908999999999981156406647642143070697784423828125, "description": "Two people are wounded when a bomb explodes at a local watering hole in Jijel, Algeria.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests against the Kajbar Dam in Sudan turn violent", "date": "2007", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.94630000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "lng": 30.53190000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Villagers of ethnic minority Nubians set to loose their homeland in the Sudan stage protests against Kajbar Dam; four villagers are killed by government militia.", "sources": [ "Bosshard 2009", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water distribution facility warehouse burnt down in Thailand", "date": "2007", "country": "Thailand", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.541109999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "lng": 101.280000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "A warehouse of a water distribution facility is burnt down in Yala Province, Thailand. Islamic insurgents seeking independence from Thailand are the suspected arsonists.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline and gas pipeline damaged by explosion in Pakistan", "date": "2007", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.375299999999999300825948012061417102813720703125, "lng": 69.34510000000000218278728425502777099609375, "description": "Water supply is disrupted when a water pipeline and nearby gas pipeline are blown up in Pakistan.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers constructing water pipe attacked; two killed in Iraq", "date": "2007", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.36240000000000094360075308941304683685302734375, "lng": 42.4037000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "description": "A bomb placed along a road kills two workers and wounds five others as they lay water pipes in Tal Afar, Iraq.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers fixing a water pipe killed in Iraq", "date": "2007", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.31519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": 44.3654999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "description": "Two workers fixing a water pipe in Baghdad, Iraq, are killed in an event that is reported as either a drive-by shooting or a bomb explosion. The pipeline was being fixed from an attack a month earlier.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Someone sabotages a Sacramento River water canal by installing unauthorized software and damaging a computer", "date": "2007", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.8350999999999970668795867823064327239990234375, "lng": -122.0679999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "description": "Someone sabotages a water canal that diverts water from the Sacramento River, California, by installing unauthorized software and damaging a computer.", "sources": [ "New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Kajaki Dam is the subject of fighting between coalition forces and Taliban insurgents", "date": "2007", "country": "Afghanistan, United Kingdom, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.33059999999999689634933019988238811492919921875, "lng": 64.1132999999999952933649183250963687896728515625, "description": "In February 2007, the Kajaki Dam is the focus of fighting between coalition forces and Taliban insurgents, as part of Operation Kryptonite. The intention of the operation was to clear the area around the Kajakai Dam of Taliban fighters so the power generation station could be reopened. The Taliban destroy or dismantle parts of the dam.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A geologist working at the Hlaingbwe Dam, Karen Province, Myanmar is killed by a land mine", "date": "2007", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.530300000000000437694325228221714496612548828125, "lng": 97.7488000000000027966962079517543315887451171875, "description": "A geologist from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand working at the controversial Hlaingbwe Dam on the Salween River in Myanmar is killed by a land mine near the project site.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban fighters from Pakistan attack a major Afghanistan dam", "date": "2007", "country": "Afghanistan, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.32289999999999707824827055446803569793701171875, "lng": 65.1183999999999940655470709316432476043701171875, "description": "At least 700 Taliban fighters cross from Pakistan into Afghanistan to attack Kajaki Dam, a major source of electricity, according to reports from a provincial governor.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A former employee of a California canal system is charged with damaging a computer used to divert water to an irrigation canal", "date": "2007", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 39.67530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": -121.969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "In the United States, a former employee of a California canal system is charged with installing unauthorized software and intentionally damaging a computer used to divert water from the Sacramento River to an irrigation canal.", "sources": [ "McMillan 2007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Islamist separatists detonate an explosive at the Waeng Hydro Station in Thailand", "date": "2007", "country": "Thailand", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 5.93954999999999966320274324971251189708709716796875, "lng": 101.89199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "Suspected Islamist separatists detonate an explosive at the Waeng Hydro Station in Thailand. The explosion damages the control station, but causes no injuries.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attackers fire at the construction site of the Hlaignbwe Dam in Myanmar, killing a Thai worker", "date": "2007", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.5287000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 97.7469999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "Unknown attackers fire mortars or artillery shells at the construction site of the Hlaignbwe Dam on the Salween River in Myanmar, killing a Thai worker. Attackers are suspected to be from the Karen National Union group.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots break out in Somaliland when water drilling rig is removed", "date": "2008", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.615339999999999776036929688416421413421630859375, "lng": 44.06009999999999848796505830250680446624755859375, "description": "Riots break out after a water drilling rig that had been drilling water wells for one community in the capital is transferred by government authorities to the western part of the country. Five people died and fifteen are wounded in the demonstration.", "sources": [ "Jama 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Security forces open fire on water privatization protesters in Mali", "date": "2008", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.7179000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": -4.9044100000000003802824721788056194782257080078125, "description": "One person is killed and five injured when security forces open fire on protests over an attempt to privatize water services in Lere, northwestern Mali.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban threatens water supply dam in Pakistan", "date": "2008", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.16380000000000194404492503963410854339599609375, "lng": 71.474999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "In October, the Taliban threatens to blow up Warsak Dam, the main water supply for Peshawar, Pakistan during a government offensive in the region.", "sources": [ "Perlez and Shah 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unknown gunmen kidnap four Sudanese government drivers of the state water corporation", "date": "2008", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.497499999999998721023075631819665431976318359375, "lng": 25.600200000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "description": "Unknown gunmen kidnap four Sudanese government drivers of the state water corporation in Um Tajok, Darfur and steal a drilling rig. It is not known if the kidnapped persons and drilling rig are returned.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200803200009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unknown militants in Afghanistan attack an aid agency's water tanker", "date": "2008", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.1278999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "lng": 69.0836000000000041154635255225002765655517578125, "description": "Unknown militants fire mortars at an aid agency's water tanker, then kill the driver and steal his tanker in an undisclosed location in eastern Afghanistan. No property damage is reported and no one claims responsibility for the incident.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200805200002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests in Nigeria over the price of water", "date": "2008", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.053280000000000882209860719740390777587890625, "lng": 7.45971999999999990649257597397081553936004638671875, "description": "A protest over the price of water in Nyanya, Abuja, Nigeria results in violence, including the beating of water vendors.", "sources": [ "Yakubu 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water aid workers kidnapped in Somalia", "date": "2008", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.717470000000000052153836804791353642940521240234375, "lng": 44.76859999999999928377292235381901264190673828125, "description": "Five aid workers, employed by the charity Water for Life, are kidnapped at gunpoint in Somalia. This is one of the first instances of Somali natives being kidnapped, as well as one of the first instances of a woman being kidnapped.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018", "New Humanitarian, The 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water delivery pipelines destroyed in protest over water transfers in Yemen", "date": "2008", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.634299999999999641886461176909506320953369140625, "lng": 46.05630000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "description": "Pipelines are destroyed in Yemen by locals protesting the extraction of water in Abyan for piping to Aden.", "sources": [ "Hall 2010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A community organizer in Ecuador working to stop the Baba Dam is killed", "date": "2008", "country": "Ecuador", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 0.79663099999999997802291318294010125100612640380859375, "lng": 79.5366000000000070713213062845170497894287109375, "description": "In Ecuador, community organizers against the Baba Dam receive death threats. One of the threats materializes when one of the organizers is found dead at the dam site. ", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A local community in Peru takes control of dam outlet to prevent loss of water supply", "date": "2008", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -8.9936900000000008503775461576879024505615234375, "lng": -77.672200000000003683453542180359363555908203125, "description": "Over 100 villagers and farmers from the local community near Lake Paron in Peru use force to remove employees and take over the outlet controls of the lake after the lake had been drained by nearly 50% by the operator of the controls, a subsidiary of Duke Energy International, for hydropower operations.", "sources": [ "Aiello 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants attempt to damage a water pump outside of a refugee camp in Darfur", "date": "2008", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.8998000000000008213874025386758148670196533203125, "lng": 23.47710000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "description": "At the Hassa Hissa camp near Zalinjay, Gharb Darfur, Sudan, ten assailants attempt to damage a water pump outside of an internally displaced person (IDP) camp. The armed men open fire on the pump and set fire to the pump and five generators. The assailants fight with occupants of the camp, wounding one. No group claims responsibility, although it is widely believed the Janjaweed Militia is responsible.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200812010034" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants set fire to two water tanker trucks in Muqur, Badghis, Afghanistan", "date": "2008", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.088200000000000500222085975110530853271484375, "lng": 63.09360000000000212594386539421975612640380859375, "description": "Assailants set fire to two water tanker trucks in Muqur, Badghis, Afghanistan, killing one driver, wounding two others and destroying the two trucks. No group claims responsibility, although the Taliban is widely believed to be responsible.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200806110020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb detonates in front of drinking water office in Nepal", "date": "2008", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.71829999999999927240423858165740966796875, "lng": 85.325299999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "description": "Unidentified persons detonate a bomb in front of the drinking water office in Tripureshwor, Nepal. No casualties or damage are reported, and no group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200804050020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "China cracks down on Tibet with implications for wide regional water control and management", "date": "2008", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.4395999999999986584953148849308490753173828125, "lng": 91.2743999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "China launches a political crackdown in Tibet. At least some observers have noted the importance of Tibet for the water resources of China, though the political complications between Tibet and China extend far beyond water. As noted: \"Tibet is referred to in some circles as the \"world's water tower' ; the Tibetan plateau is home to vast reserves of glaciated water, the sources of 10 of the largest rivers in Asia, including the Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Brahmaputra, Salween, Hindus and Sutlej among others. By some estimates, the Tibetan plateau is the source of fresh water for fully a quarter of the world's population.\"", "sources": [ "Sharife 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Confrontations occur along border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan over water resources", "date": "2008", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.61959999999999837427822058089077472686767578125, "lng": 71.2956999999999965211827657185494899749755859375, "description": "Disputes over unclear borders and poor communications lead to a series of confrontations over water resources in a border area of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The confrontations with Kyrgyz border guards occur when villagers from Isfara Tajikistan cross into the southern Batken district of Kyrgyzstan to remove a dam blocking an irrigation canal preventing water from reaching the Tajik village of Hoja Alo. The dam is located in an area where the boundary line between the two states has not been agreed. Actions by Kyrgyzstan cut off irrigation water to Tajikistan during the spring growing season.", "sources": [ "Kadykeev 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Driver of a water tanker truck killed in Afghanistan", "date": "2008", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.6289000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": 65.737200000000001409716787748038768768310546875, "description": "A driver of a water tanker truck owned by an aid agency is killed while driving. Local officials place blame on Taliban militants.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosive device detonates destroying a tube well in Pakistan", "date": "2008", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 28.63080000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "lng": 69.1863000000000027966962079517543315887451171875, "description": "At Kachhi canal project in Lund Nullah near Sui, Balochistan Province, Pakistan, unknown assailants detonate an explosive device destroying a tube well. No casualties or motive are reported. No group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200804190021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four killed in Kenya over dispute over boreholes", "date": "2008", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.720000000000000195399252334027551114559173583984375, "lng": 41.02000000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "description": "Fighting over boreholes in arid northern Kenya kills at least four people as competition for resources grows in the drought-hit region between the Murulle and Garre clans in El Wak, Mandera District.", "sources": [ "Ali and Wallis 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraqi water station destroyed", "date": "2008", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.0707000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "lng": 44.25739999999999696456143283285200595855712890625, "description": "A water station under construction is destroyed in an attack by an unidentified gunman. Explosives are also placed on the road near the project, injuring one person. The station was going to provide potable water to four villages that were at a distance from the Tigris River, east of Dalouiya. ", "sources": [ "Berwani 2008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants blow up a section of a water pipeline in Iraq", "date": "2008", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 44.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "Militants blow up a section of a water pipeline in Baghdad, Iraq. The explosion tears an 18-inch hole in the pipe that carries drinking water to Baghdad's Adhamiyah, Rusafa, and Karrada districts. No casualties are reported and no group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200810300021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple civilians killed by remotely-triggered bombs targeting water trucks in Ethiopia", "date": "2008", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.046930000000000138271616378915496170520782470703125, "lng": 45.31819999999999737383404863066971302032470703125, "description": "At least two water trucks being used to deliver supplies to the Ethiopian army are targeted by remotely-triggered bombs. At least four civilians are killed and another eight are injured.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tipaimukh Dam, India is attacked by Hmar militants", "date": "2008", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.66369999999999862438926356844604015350341796875, "lng": 93.9063000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "Hmar People’s Convention-Democracy (HPC-D) militants attack and damage dam equipment installed at the Tipaimukh Multi-Purpose Hydel Project in the state of Manipur, India. The HPC-D said in a statement that the ongoing drilling work at the site is against the land, rights, and dignity of the Hmar people.", "sources": [ "Nabi Dar and Alam 2022", "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan threaten to contaminate local water resources", "date": "2009", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 29.542300000000000892441676114685833454132080078125, "lng": 68.8918000000000034788172342814505100250244140625, "description": "The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) threatens to contaminate local water resources in a letter faxed to the Directorate of Military Lands and Cantonments in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The letter stated that the TTP had procured 200 liters of a poisonous material that would be used to contaminate water sources and reservoirs unless the Army stopped military operations in South Waziristan.", "sources": [ "Roul 2010", "Laskar 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Village attacked in Ethiopian water supply conflict", "date": "2009", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 5, "lng": 35, "description": "Ethiopian Somalis attack a Borana community in the Oromia region over ownership of a new borehole being drilled on the disputed border between them. Three people from the Oromia village of Kafa are killed and seven injured, and the entire community driven from their homes. The drilling rig is destroyed, as well.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water trucks contaminated with cyanide in Afghanistan", "date": "2009", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.3430000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "lng": 69.726100000000002410160959698259830474853515625, "description": "Water trucks supplying water to U.S. military forces in Afghanistan are contaminated with cyanide.", "sources": [ "Afghan War Diary/Wikileaks 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb placed at water station kills six, including five children, in Khost City, Afghanistan", "date": "2009", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.3337999999999965439201332628726959228515625, "lng": 69.9372000000000042518877307884395122528076171875, "description": "A remote control bomb placed at a water distribution station detonates, killing six, including five children, in Khost City, Afghanistan. ", "sources": [ "Pashtun Valley 2009", "Blogger 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An improvised explosive device attached to a water tanker explodes in Iraq", "date": "2009", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.66100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "lng": 44.40769999999999839701558812521398067474365234375, "description": "An improvised explosive device attached to a water tanker in the al-Mahawii district of the Babel province explodes, wounding the driver. The blast causes severe damage to the tanker. No one claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200912110015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants detonate an improvised explosive device targeting a civilian water truck", "date": "2009", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.8900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "lng": 71.18000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "On Sunday morning, in Marawara, Konar, Afghanistan, assailants detonate an improvised explosive device targeting a civilian water truck, wounding four civilians and damaging one truck. No group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200903070013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on electrical grid in Pakistan cuts off water for multiple water wells", "date": "2009", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.77170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "lng": 72.3607999999999975671016727574169635772705078125, "description": "Insecurity in northwestern Pakistan leads to a rocket attack on on the electrical grid cutting off 36 bore-holes that supplied water to Mingora town, Pakistan. Citizens resort to collecting water from contaminated surface-water sources, resulting in an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb damages water treatment plant, leaving community without water in Colombia", "date": "2009", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.15139000000000013557155398302711546421051025390625, "lng": -73.6376000000000061618266045115888118743896484375, "description": "A bomb planted at a water treatment plant explodes damaging the plant and wounding two police officers in Villavicencio, Colombia. The town is left without water supply. ", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Brazilian landowners fight with indigenous tribe over land and water", "date": "2009", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -20.44279999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": -54.64580000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "description": "A dispute over water and land consider sacred by the indigenous Guarani-Kaiowa tribe begins with nearby landowners attempting to gain control over disputed land. The dispute continues until at least 2012 and leads to several deaths.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2012a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During kidnapping by Taliban in Afghanistan, water tank destroyed", "date": "2009", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.84660000000000223963070311583578586578369140625, "lng": 71.0973000000000041609382606111466884613037109375, "description": "A group of four employees of a construction company in Kunar province, Afghanistan are kidnapped by the Taliban. The kidnappers also destroy a water tank during the attack.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Energy and Water Department attacked by suicide bombers, killing six and injuring dozens in Afghanistan", "date": "2009", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.3337999999999965439201332628726959228515625, "lng": 69.9372000000000042518877307884395122528076171875, "description": "Six civilians die and approximately 30 others are injured when two suicide bombers attack the building of the Energy and Water Department in Khost City, Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Homemade bomb is planted inside the gates of the Metro Water District, Philippines", "date": "2009", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.21610999999999958021135171293281018733978271484375, "lng": 124.2480000000000046611603465862572193145751953125, "description": "On Wednesday, ordnance experts defuse a homemade bomb planted on a bench inside the gates of the Metro Water District, a government-run building at Cotabato, Philippines. No damage or casualties occur. No group claims of responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 200904290018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hydroelectric construction company hires armed private security to quell local opposition and violence in Guatemala", "date": "2009-2011", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.830799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": -91.47079999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "In the Q'anjob'al and Chug Territory of northern Huehuetenango, Guatemala, three proposed hydroelectric projects supported by the national government incite strong local opposition. The hydroelectric construction company hires armed private security personnel to quell confrontations and acts of vandalism and violence over three years.", "sources": [ "Environmental Justice Atlas 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man killed in Mumbai, India protest over water cuts", "date": "2009", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.01599999999999823785401531495153903961181640625, "lng": 72.8599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Police clash with hundreds of Mumbai, India residents protesting water cuts. One man is killed and a dozen others injured. Mumbai authorities are forced to ration supplies after the worst monsoon season in decades.", "sources": [ "Chandran 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "North Korea dam release kills six in South Korea", "date": "2009", "country": "North Korea, South Korea", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.39479999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "lng": 127.1830000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "Without previous warning, North Korea releases 40 million cubic meters of water from the Hwanggag dam, causing a flash flood on the Imjin River. In South Korea, at least 6 fisherman and campers are drowned. North Korea claims that the water had to be urgently released and promises to warn the South of future releases. South Korea fears that North Korea could use the water of the dam as a weapon during a violent conflict.", "sources": [ "Choe 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One dead in South Yemen protest over water cuts", "date": "2009", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.80030000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 45.03370000000000317186277243308722972869873046875, "description": "At least one Yemeni is killed and three wounded in clashes with police in Aden in southern Yemen over the cutting off of water.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police use live ammunition against demonstrators protesting water shortages in Somaliland", "date": "2009", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.5265500000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "lng": 44.06519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "Police use live ammunition against demonstrators in the southern part of Hargeisa. Residents of Ahmed Dhagah district in Hargeisa, mostly women and children, take to the streets protesting severe water shortages.", "sources": [ "Somaliland Globe 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drought and water inequities spark killings India", "date": "2009", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.300000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": 80, "description": "A family in Madhya Pradesh state in India is killed by a mob for illegally drawing water from a municipal pipe. Others run to collect water for themselves before the pipe runs out. Drought and inequality in water distribution lead to increasing conflict in the region. Indian media report more than 50 violent clashes in the state capital, Bhopal during May alone. Since January, 12 people are killed and even more injured.", "sources": [ "Singh 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental activist in a region flooded by Tucurui Dam killed in Brazil", "date": "2009", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -3.765579999999999927240423858165740966796875, "lng": -49.670299999999997453414835035800933837890625, "description": "After a region of Brazil was flooded by the Tucurui Dam, Raimundo Nonato do Carmo helped to lead the fight for environmental protection of the flooded and destroyed land. He was shot in a drive-by attack and killed in 2009.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local anti-dam activist in Colombia killed in his home", "date": "2009", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 7.24683999999999972629893818520940840244293212890625, "lng": -73.7853999999999956571627990342676639556884765625, "description": "A community leader involved in anti-dam protests that threatened the Magdalena River in Colombia, Honorio Llorente Merendez, is shot and killed in his home in Puente Sogamoso.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Maoists set fire to the power station at the Balimela Dam, India", "date": "2009", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.13980000000000103455022326670587062835693359375, "lng": 82.1221000000000032059688237495720386505126953125, "description": "Suspected Maoists set fire to the power station at the Balimela Dam, India, damaging equipment and water intake tunnels. The attackers say the attack is in retaliation for the failure to provide electricity and communications utilities to local villages.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Severe flooding strengthens militant groups in Pakistan", "date": "2010", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 25.8943000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "lng": 68.52469999999999572537490166723728179931640625, "description": "Militant groups in Pakistan take advantage of severe flooding to reorganize and gain political power. Military resources in the country have been diverted to humanitarian relief efforts.", "sources": [ "Waraich 2010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Myitsone Dam, Myanmar is attacked by locals opposed to dam projects, killing at least one", "date": "2010", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 25.881499999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "lng": 97.4832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Myanmar’s Myitsone Dam, in Kachin State, is the site of major local opposition to dam projects. In 2010, 10 bombs explode around the dam site, killing at least one Chinese worker. Construction is suspended by the Myanmar government in 2011 in response to a widespread opposition campaign.", "sources": [ "Nabi Dar and Alam 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two unknown gunmen riding a motorbike fire upon the driver of a water tanker", "date": "2010", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.8933999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "lng": 67.02809999999999490682967007160186767578125, "description": "On an evening in January, two unknown gunmen riding a motorbike fire upon the driver of a water tanker in Hariana Colony, Karachi, Pakistan. The driver, Noor Shah, is killed and the tanker rams into a moving auto-rickshaw with four people on board. Eight-year-old Unair dies and his younger brother is wounded. Both attackers escape. No group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201001310008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified militants detonate an improvised explosive device targeting a water tanker", "date": "2010", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.3684999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 41.0945999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "description": "On Thursday, in the town of al-Qaim in Iraq's Anbar province, a driver and two civilians are wounded and a water tanker truck is damaged when unidentified militants detonate an improvised explosive device targeting a water tanker. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201005060012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent confrontations occur in the West Bank over Israeli actions limiting water supply to new West Bank development", "date": "2010-2015", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.0106999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": 35.19019999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "The construction and completion of a billion-dollar new middle-class Palestinian city of Rawabi in the West Bank is delayed for years while the Israeli government withholds access to basic water supplies. The delay is due, in part, to a larger dispute over the actions of the Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee. In March 2015, a limited supply of water to Rawabi is finally approved, sufficient only for the 640 families that currently live there but far less than what will be needed for the expected 25,000 residents that the city will eventually house. Violent confrontations over this dispute occur regularly during this period.", "sources": [ "Shuttleworth 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent water protest in India", "date": "2010", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.616800000000001347189027001149952411651611328125, "lng": 77.325999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "description": "A protest about water shortages in the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India leads to violence. Erratic water supply and cutoffs in the Kondli area of Mayur Vihar in East Delhi causes a violent protest and several injuries.", "sources": [ "Gosh 2010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water disputes between Iran and Afghanistan escalate", "date": "2010-2013", "country": "Iran, Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.8740999999999985448084771633148193359375, "lng": 60.77559999999999718056642450392246246337890625, "description": "Disputes over water between Iran and Afghanistan are escalating. One Afghan newspaper, Weesa, suggests that Iran blocked the transport of fuel oil to Afghanistan in 2010 as a means to put more pressure on the country over water. An Iranian editorial calls for bolder action by the Foreign Ministry and states that any aid to Afghanistan should be linked to \"Iran's rights to water.\"", "sources": [ "Aman 2013", "Etedaalier 2011", "Muhammadi 2011", "Radio Free Europe 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An improvised explosive device detonates at a potable water plant in Iraq", "date": "2010", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.29189999999999827196006663143634796142578125, "lng": 44.0656000000000034333424991928040981292724609375, "description": "In the Abu Ghurayb neighborhood of Baghdad city, Baghdad province Iraq, two government employees are killed and another is wounded when an improvised explosive device detonates at a potable water plant. The amount of damage from the attack is unknown. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201012020006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Army troops in Colombia locate and defuse three bombs to be used against a town's aqueduct", "date": "2010", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.6349000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "lng": -76.6312999999999959754859446547925472259521484375, "description": "Army troops locate and defuse three bombs suspected to be planted by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia's (FARC) 6th Front in Cajibio, Cauca, Colombia. According to authorities, the explosives were going to be used against the town's aqueduct. No casualties or damages are reported and no group claims responsibility for the attempted bombing attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201001280009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb in water truck kills three in Afghanistan", "date": "2010", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.34009999999999962483343551866710186004638671875, "lng": 69.919700000000005957190296612679958343505859375, "description": "A remote-controlled bomb hidden in a water truck kills three people, including two children, in the eastern Afghan province of Khost, which borders Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighting in Pakistan over irrigation water", "date": "2010", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.8990000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "lng": 70.1009999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "description": "More than 100 are dead and scores injured following two weeks of tribal fighting in Parachinar in the Kurram region of Pakistan, near the Afghanistan border. The conflict over irrigation water began as the Shalozan Tangi tribe cut off supplies to the Shalozan tribe. Some report that al Qaeda may be involved; others claim sectarian violence is to blame as one group is Sunni Muslim and the other Shiite.", "sources": [ "Express Tribune, The 2010", "Associated Press (AP) 2010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Guatemalan mine protestors shot", "date": "2010", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.92999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": -89.8299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "description": "Two unidentified gunmen on a motorbike shoot an activist protesting the impacts of mining on water quality and local water rights in Guatemala.", "sources": [ "Amnesty International 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "2010-2022: Violent dispute over corporate mine in Honduras national park leads to 100+ deaths and many arrests", "date": "2010-2022", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4428000000000000824229573481716215610504150390625, "lng": -86.0730999999999966121322358958423137664794921875, "description": "From 2010 to 2022 in Honduras, a major violent dispute ensues over the development of a mine controlled by the Dinant Corporation in Carlos Escaleras National Park. The dispute leads to more than one hundred deaths, several attacks on community activists and environmentalists, and many arrests. The mine threatens land and water resources.", "sources": [ "Olson 2020", "2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries and a death are reported during protests over water contamination from gold mining near Lake Conococha in Peru", "date": "2010", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -10.127900000000000346744855050928890705108642578125, "lng": -77.281599999999997407940099947154521942138671875, "description": "Communities concerned with water contamination of Lake Conococha, both a water source and cultural icon, are met with violence from local police forces as they protest gold mining in the region. At least one person is reported dead and four others injured from the interaction.", "sources": [ "Stark Guillen and Brady 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants blow up a water supply tube-well", "date": "2010", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.5748999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "lng": 71.2760999999999995679900166578590869903564453125, "description": "In Lakaro area of Mohmand, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan, Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP) militants blow up a water supply tube-well. TTP claims responsibility for the attack saying the tube-well is used for provision of drinking water to Security Forces.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201011040001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants blow up pump houses belonging to the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and to the railways", "date": "2010", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 22.060500000000001108446667785756289958953857421875, "lng": 85.237300000000004729372449219226837158203125, "description": "On Monday, in the Karrampada area of West Singbhum, Jharkhand, India, suspected Communist Party of India - Maoist (CPI-Maoist) militants blow up two pump houses, one belonging to the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and the other to the railways. Water supply is affected in the area as a result of the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201004190016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "More than 30 armed men detonate an improvised explosive device at the electric transformer of a pump house in the Philippines", "date": "2010", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 10.8823000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "lng": 123.06499999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "At night in Victorias City, Negros Occidental, Philippines, more than 30 armed men detonate an improvised explosive device at the electric transformer of Malago Pump House owned by the Victorias Milling Company sugar refinery before setting it on fire. The damage is initially placed at P400,000 ($9,246 USD). No casualties are reported. New Peoples Army militants claim responsibility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201010050009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistan irrigation dispute kills 116", "date": "2010", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 33, "lng": 70.150000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "A water dispute in Pakistan's tribal region leads to 116 deaths. In early September, the Mangal tribe cut off the supply of irrigation water to lands used by the neighboring Tori tribe, leading to fighting.", "sources": [ "CNN 2010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors over land and water killed and injured in India", "date": "2010", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.300000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": 83.900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "At least three deaths and dozens of injuries are reported during protests over land and water given away for a power plant in Sompeta in Srikakulam district in Andhra Pradesh, India.", "sources": [ "Hindu, The 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistani police fire on protesters who are demanding share of royalties from a new dam project, killing two", "date": "2010", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.42549999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": 74.1159999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "While a new dam is under construction in Pakistan, protests erupt in Chilas where people are demanding their share of royalties from the dam. Two protestors are killed, others are injured, and property of the state is damaged and destroyed. ", "sources": [ "Ahmed 2010", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A series of attacks on hydropower facilities in Myanmar are reported, including on the Thawt Yin Kha Dam", "date": "2010", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.9114000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "lng": 96.6161000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "description": "Grenade attacks on the construction site of the Thawt Yin Kha Dam in Myanmar injure at least four. The attacks are claimed by the Karen National Liberation Army with the intent of destroying the project.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local police find remains of Molotov Cocktails detonated at the Black Rock Dam, Connecticut, United States", "date": "2010", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 41.659999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": -73.104299999999994952304405160248279571533203125, "description": "Local police officials discover the remains of two devices that had detonated on an access road near the dam. Police identified the devices as Molotov Cocktails—IEDs made from gasoline-filled bottles. No injuries or damage to the dam are reported.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen kill two guards and detonate four explosives at the Baksanskaya Hydropower Plant, Russia, destroying two generators", "date": "2010", "country": "Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.66449999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.57730000000000103455022326670587062835693359375, "description": "Four gunmen attack a police station outside the Baksan Hydropower Plant, Russia, killing two facility guards and detonating four explosives, destroying two generators. A fifth explosive was later neutralized. Officials attribute the attack to the Baksan Dzhamaat group and two members are killed five days after the attack.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Solomon Islands women attacked while fetching water", "date": "2011", "country": "Solomon Islands", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -9.5999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": 160.159999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Amnesty International reports that women in the slums of the Solomon Islands must walk over a kilometer to fetch clean water and are \"continually harassed, attacked, and raped.\" A survey shows that 92 percent of households do not have a tap in their home, and that local water sources are often polluted, forcing women to walk through areas which are unsafe.", "sources": [ "Amnesty International 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified militants blow up a tube-well in Pakistan", "date": "2011", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3201999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "lng": 69.859700000000003683453542180359363555908203125, "description": "On Friday, in Doog village in South Waziristan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan, unidentified militants blow up a tube-well, resulting in no casualties and causing an unknown amount of property damage. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201104010003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified militants blow up a water pump in India", "date": "2011", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 22.071899999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "lng": 85.26970000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "description": "In Mogahataburu village in West Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India, unidentified militants blow up a water pump, causing an unknown amount of property damage but resulting in no casualties. The specific motive for the attack is unknown; however, it is believed the bombing is to protest the ongoing operation against militants in Saranda forest. No group claims responsibility, but it is suspected that Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-M) militants are responsible.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201103180002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Yemen damages citizens' water tanks during uprising", "date": "2011", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3483000000000000540012479177676141262054443359375, "lng": 44.206400000000002137312549166381359100341796875, "description": "Violence in Yemen's capital Sana'a leads to \"acute water and power shortages, forcing residents to rely on power generators and buy water extracted from wells and sold on a thriving black market.\" The violence arose during the Yemeni uprising that occurred during the Arab Spring protests across the Middle East. During the violence, government soldiers shelled neighborhoods and destroyed many rooftop water tanks.", "sources": [ "Shah 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residential water tanks and water pipes in Dara'a, Syria are deliberately damaged by military and security forces", "date": "2011", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.6278999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "lng": 36.1024000000000029331204132176935672760009765625, "description": "Residential water tanks and water pipes in Dara'a, Syria are deliberately damaged by military and security forces.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drought contributes to tensions and the civil war in Syria", "date": "2011-2012", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36, "lng": 37, "description": "Severe political conflict in Syria has been aggravated by a multi-year drought gripping the region. More than 1.5 million people \"mostly farmers and their families\" have moved to cities and their outskirts. In 2008, US diplomats in Syria warn that the influx of rural people to cities \"could act as a multiplier on social and economic pressures already at play and undermine stability in Syria.\" Political unrest begins in March 2011 in Dara'a, and soon escalates into civil war to overturn the regime of President Bashar al-Assad and the ruling Ba'ath Party.", "sources": [ "Mohtadi 2012", "Worth 2010", "Femia and Werrell 2012", "Gleick 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four famers killed in Tanzania over water resource dispute", "date": "2011", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.42705999999999999516830939683131873607635498046875, "lng": 38.9532999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "description": "Conflicts over water are increasing in the Pangani River Basin in northeastern Tanzania between farmers and herders over dwindling water resources. In 2011 in Mbuguni village, four farmers are hacked to death by angry Maasai morans (warriors) as they tried to stop a group of cattle from trampling on maize seedlings.", "sources": [ "Makoye 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gaddafi cuts of water to Libya's capital", "date": "2011", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.87639999999999673718775738961994647979736328125, "lng": 13.1875, "description": "During the 2011 Libyan Civil War, forces loyal to dictator Muammar Gaddafi gain control of a water operations center and cut off water supply to the capital. The system controls Libya's Great Manmade River, which is a system of pumps, pipes, and canals that brings water from distant aquifers to Tripoli and other cities. Half the country is left without running water, prompting the UN and neighboring countries to mobilize tanker ships to deliver water to coastal cities.", "sources": [ "Walton 2012", "United Press International (UPI) 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hacker targets water plant in South Houston, Texas", "date": "2011", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 29.628099999999999880628820392303168773651123046875, "lng": -95.38339999999999463398125953972339630126953125, "description": "A hacker targets a water plant in South Houston following earlier news (later discounted) of an electronic attack on an Illinois water plant, reportedly to raise awareness of concerns over lax security for critical infrastructure. The breach occurs after the attackers hack into supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software used by the utility, and uses IP addresses that originated in Russia.", "sources": [ "Mills 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iran reportedly attempts to enlist the Taliban to blow up a dam on the Helmand River in Afghanistan", "date": "2011", "country": "Afghanistan, Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 30.32600000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": 61.77289999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "description": "In 2011, a Taliban commander reportedly claims that Iran offered him $50,000 to blow up the Kamal Khan dam in Afghanistan on the Helmand River, shared with Iran.", "sources": [ "Glinski 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel destroys Palestinians' water pumps and wells", "date": "2011", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.2374999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 35.4035999999999972942532622255384922027587890625, "description": "Israel's military destroys nine water tanks in the Bedouin village of Amniyr in the South Hebron Hills, in the West Bank, Palestine. Later, soldiers destroy pumps and wells in the Jordan Valley villages of Al-Nasriyah, Al-Aqrabiyah, and Beit Hassan.", "sources": [ "Aburawa 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy wells in attack on West Bank village", "date": "2011", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.08529999999999660076355212368071079254150390625, "lng": 35.3301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "Israelis from nearby settlements attack Qasra, a West Bank village of 6,000, destroying crops and a water well. Attackers previously burned down a mosque and damaged hundreds of olive trees.", "sources": [ "Bsharat and Ramadan 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants set fire to a water well and two water pumps in Somalia", "date": "2011", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.328329999999999788684590384946204721927642822265625, "lng": 42.22070000000000078443918027915060520172119140625, "description": "Militants set fire to a water well and two water pumps on the outskirts of Garbaharey, Gedo, Somalia. No casualties are reported and the attack causes an unknown amount of damage. No group claims responsibility, but the militant group al-Shabaab is thought to be responsible for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201108270005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple attacks on Libyan water networks disrupt supply.", "date": "2011", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.335100000000000619593265582807362079620361328125, "lng": 17.228300000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "description": "NATO bombs a plant that builds pipelines for the Great Manmade River project that carries water from southern groundwater to coastal cities. Major water networks are disrupted in this conflict, which affects access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene throughout Libya. Armed groups attack water wells cutting off water to civilians.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "NATO attacks water pipe factory in Libya", "date": "2011", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.411899999999999266719896695576608180999755859375, "lng": 19.5698000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "description": "NATO forces attack a factory that produces pipes for the \"Great Man-Made River\" water-supply pipeline near Brega, Libya, reporting that it was used as a base for military operations and the launching of missiles.", "sources": [ "Center for Research on Globalization (CRG) 2013", "Human Rights Investigations (HRI) 2011", "Water Technology n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Guards at the Machlagho Dam construction site in Afghanistan are attacked and killed", "date": "2011", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.69980000000000330828697769902646541595458984375, "lng": 69.374200000000001864464138634502887725830078125, "description": "Armed militants attack and kill guards at the Machlagho Dam construction site in Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rocket-propelled grenades are fired at the Thawt Yin Kha Dam in Myanmar", "date": "2011", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.912600000000001188027454190887510776519775390625, "lng": 96.6169000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "Unknown attackers fire rocket-propelled grenades at the Thawt Yin Kha dam construction site in Myanmar.", "sources": [ "U.S Department of Homeland Security 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank is damaged by a homemade bomb in Pakistan", "date": "2011", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.920400000000000773070496506989002227783203125, "lng": 70.5593999999999965666575008071959018707275390625, "description": "Sometime during the night between December 16 and December 17, 2011, a water tank is damaged by a homemade bomb in the area of Mandeo in the district of Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. No deaths or injuries occur. No claim of responsibility is reported.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201112170024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A landmine explodes targeting a tanker providing water to Transitional Federal Government (TFG) soldiers, Somalia", "date": "2012", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.802630000000000176640924109960906207561492919921875, "lng": 42.545299999999997453414835035800933837890625, "description": "A landmine explodes in Luuq town, Gedo Region, Somalia. The landmine is targeting a tanker providing water to Transitional Federal Government (TFG) soldiers. Three people are killed and an unknown number of people are injured in the attack. No group claims responsibility for the incident, although unnamed sources suspect Al-Shabaab.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201201150014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tanker is damaged when it is targeted by a roadside bomb", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.662700000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "lng": 63.01480000000000103455022326670587062835693359375, "description": "A water tanker is damaged when it is targeted by a roadside bomb in Khash Rod district, Nimruz province, Afghanistan. One person is killed and another wounded in the attack, for which no group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201203170018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Afghani terrorists poison water at girls' school", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 37.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 69.599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Up to 150 schoolgirls are reported sickened by poison in a school water supply in an intentional attack thought to be carried out by religious conservatives opposed to the education of women.", "sources": [ "Hamid 2012b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device detonates and damages a tube well and surrounding area in Pakistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.601799999999997226041159592568874359130859375, "lng": 70.9147999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "description": "An explosive device detonates and damages a tube well, a transmission line, and a mosque in Lakki Marwat city, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. There are no casualties reported, and no group claims responsibility for this incident. A school is also damaged in an explosion in the same location on this day.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201203150002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device detonates in a canal in the Philippines", "date": "2012", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.947169999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": 124.8829999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "description": "An explosive device detonates in a canal in barangay Poblacion, M'lang town, North Cotabato province, Philippines. No casualties are reported in the blast. No group claims responsibility for this incident; however, police suspect the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement (BIFM).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201208110008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device detonates near a water pipeline in Afghanistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.00229999999999819237928022630512714385986328125, "lng": 69.0297000000000053887561080045998096466064453125, "description": "An explosive device detonates near a water pipeline in Pul-e-Alam district, Logar province, Afghanistan. Five people, including two Afghan police officers, are killed in the attack, and four people, including two Afghan police officers, are injured. No group claims responsibility; however, one person is arrested in connection with the incident and admits to remotely detonating the device.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201208010047" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device planted in a water spring detonates as a group of children are grazing animals in Afghanistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.5167000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 64.4167000000000058435034588910639286041259765625, "description": "An explosive device planted in a water spring detonates as a group of children are grazing animals in Taywara district, Ghor province, Afghanistan. Seven children are killed in the blast. No group claims responsibility for the incident; however, sources attribute it to the Taliban.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201207240010", "Shah 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device targeting a well in Pakistan detonates prematurely as the assailant is planting it", "date": "2012", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.608699999999998908606357872486114501953125, "lng": 69.830299999999994042809703387320041656494140625, "description": "An explosive device detonates prematurely as the assailant is planting it in Wocha Khwara village, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. The device is targeting a fresh water well; the assailant is killed in the blast. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201205040033" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Angry demonstrators protest over water supply in Tunisia", "date": "2012", "country": "Tunisia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.91669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 8.1286000000000004916955731459893286228179931640625, "description": "In June 18-19, demonstrators demanding a solution to a dried up water supply block the main road near Tozeur, Tunisia, leading to clashes with police.", "sources": [ "Salehyan et al 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants bomb a government water tank in Pakistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.821899999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "lng": 70.6440999999999945657691569067537784576416015625, "description": "Assailants bomb a government water tank in the Aka Khel area of Bara tehsil, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. There are no reported casualties; however, the water tank is destroyed in the blast. No group claims responsibility for the incident; however, police arrest one individual in connection with the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201212060017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants fire a mortar round, striking a water facility", "date": "2012", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.340000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 43.13000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Assailants fire a mortar round, striking a water facility in Mosul city, Nineveh governorate, Iraq. One security guard is killed in the attack, and the facility is damaged. This is one of 32 coordinated incidents across Iraq on the same day. Al-Qa'ida in Iraq claims responsibility for the attacks, stating that they are in retaliation for the torture and genocide that Sunni civilians face in Iraqi prisons.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201202230016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants open fire on security personnel escorting a water tanker convoy", "date": "2012", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -4.33007000000000008554934538551606237888336181640625, "lng": 136.912000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "description": "Assailants open fire on security personnel escorting a Freeport Indonesia water tanker convoy in Mimika district, Papua province, Indonesia. There are no reported casualties, but the vehicles are damaged. This is one of two coordinated attacks on this convoy on this day, neither of which are claimed by any group.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201204140023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on construction facilities at Turkish dams", "date": "2012", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 38.9637000000000028876456781290471553802490234375, "lng": 35.24329999999999785131876706145703792572021484375, "description": "22 trucks are set on fire at dam sites in Turkey, in attacks attributed to Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants.", "sources": [ "Stratfor 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Brazilian landowners poison tribe's water", "date": "2012", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -20.44279999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": -54.64580000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "description": "Brazil's federal police respond to reports that water used by the indigenous Guarani-Kaiowa tribe was poisoned by nearby landowners. The dispute began in 2009 and has led to the deaths of three tribesmen, who say the water runs through sacred land.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2012a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese protestors challenge Japanese factory for discharging contaminated wastewater", "date": "2012", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.02940000000000253521648119203746318817138671875, "lng": 121.364000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "description": "In July, thousands of protesters take to the streets in Qidong, Jiangsu Province to challenge a pipeline from a Japanese-owned paper factory that would discharge contaminated wastewater into the sea, potentially polluting a nearby fishery, and contaminating drinking water. Demonstrators clash with police and there are reports of damages to government buildings, cars, and other property. Fourteen people plead guilty to encouraging the riot in which dozens of police are injured and the local Communist party chief is stripped half-naked.", "sources": [ "Economy 2013", "Okudera 2012", "Associated Press (AP) 2013a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths in water conflicts in Tanzania", "date": "2012", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -10.260400000000000630961949354968965053558349609375, "lng": 39.68039999999999878355083637870848178863525390625, "description": "Violence between farmers and pastoralists expands in Tanzania's southeastern Rufiji valley, a region hit by drought. A farmer is killed in a conflict with a herdsman over access to water in the southern regions of Lindi and Mtwara. Five more people die and many more are injured in subsequent violence. According to local sources, violence has worsened during the prolonged drought.", "sources": [ "Makoye 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrations turn violent over water and power shortages in Guinea", "date": "2012", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.0518000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": -13.530699999999999505462255910970270633697509765625, "description": "Demonstrations over water and power shortages in Conakry, Fria, and Dinguiraye, Guinea, turn violent, with dozens injured.", "sources": [ "Crisis Watch Database 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Disgruntled Egyptian irrigators kidnap tourists", "date": "2012", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.3299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": 31.60000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "Farmers from the Abu Simbel region in Egypt hold over 200 tourists hostage to protest inadequate irrigation water. The farmers capture the tourists after they visit nearby monuments, but release them after officials agree to a temporary release of water.", "sources": [ "Egypt Independent 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Egypt and Sudan allegedly target Ethiopia dam", "date": "2012", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 11.2141999999999999459987520822323858737945556640625, "lng": 35.09309999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "description": "Information is leaked about an alleged secret agreement that would allow Egypt to build an air base in Sudan to attack the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Egypt is concerned that the dam, under construction in Ethiopia just upstream of Sudan on the Blue Nile, would reduce flows into its territory. The news reports, strongly denied by Egypt, claim that Sudan would allow Egypt to launch attacks if diplomatic efforts fail to resolve water sharing between Egypt and Ethiopia. The allegations are based on an internal 2010 email made available by Wikileaks.", "sources": [ "Sudan Tribune 2012", "Al Arabiya News 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Escalating rhetoric and disputes over dams in central Asia", "date": "2012", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 41.7839000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "lng": 73.4771999999999962938090902753174304962158203125, "description": "Tensions escalate over two proposed dams in central Asia: Kambarata-1 in Kyrgyzstan and the Rogun Dam in Tajikistan. These dams could affect water supplies in the downstream nations of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan. Uzbekistan's president, Islam Karimov, says the dams could cause \"not just serious confrontation, but even wars.\"", "sources": [ "Economist, The 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ethnic conflict in Kenya fueled by water", "date": "2012-2013", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.5, "lng": 40, "description": "Extensive violence over water is reported in Kenya, with approximately 50 deaths in clashes between farmers and cattle herders. The conflict is part of a long-running dispute between Pokomo farmers and Orma, semi-nomadic cattle herders, over land and water. The current conflict is being exacerbated by Kenyan and foreign investment in vast tracts of land for food and biofuel cultivation, putting pressure on local resources. (See also entry in 2001.)", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2012a", "Al Jazeera 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers clash with police over water transfers from Isfahan to Yazd, Iran. A water diversion pipe is destroyed.", "date": "2012", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.4217000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "lng": 52.6495000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "Farmers in Varzaneh clash with police and break a water pipe that transports 50 million cubic meters of water per year from Isfahan to the neighboring province of Yazd, Iran.", "sources": [ "Karimi and Nasiri 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Husband and wife are murdered in Mexico for their defense of local water resources", "date": "2012", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.845099999999998630073605454526841640472412109375, "lng": -107.4729999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "description": "Ismael Solorio Urrutia and his wife Manuela Solis Contreras are killed, likely for their defense of water near their community in Buenaventura, Chihuahua, Mexico, and their opposition to the El Cascabel mining company, a subsidiary of Canada's Mag Silver Corporation.", "sources": [ "Lira 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Somalia, attackers shoot at and set fire to the town's water pump, destroying the only viable water source", "date": "2012", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.50391999999999992354560163221322000026702880859375, "lng": 42.23619999999999663486960344016551971435546875, "description": "Assailants attack the police station in El Adde town, Gedo region, Somalia. The assailants open fire on the station, causing the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces posted there to return fire. There are no reported casualties in the incident. The attackers also shoot at and set fire to the town's water pump, destroying the only viable water source. No group claims responsibility, but locals attribute the attack to Al-Shabaab, believing that the incident is prompted by the presence of Kenyan Defense Forces (KDF) in the town.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201206030027" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indonesian mobs battle over water source", "date": "2012", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -3.599000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "lng": 128.621000000000009322320693172514438629150390625, "description": "Violence over access to a water source in Maluku, Indonesia. Rival mobs from two villages attack one another \"with sharp weapons, guns and explosives\" causing several deaths and injuries.", "sources": [ "Antara 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries during protest over dam releases in India's Cauvery River", "date": "2012", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.4245999999999998664179656771011650562286376953125, "lng": 76.5721999999999951569407130591571331024169921875, "description": "Thousands of farmers in Karnataka try to prevent the release of water from two dams (Krishna Raja Sagar and Kabini) on the Kaveri River. Injuries to protestors and police are reported. The water releases are ordered by the Indian Supreme Court, which requires Karnataka to deliver water downstream state of Tamil Nadu despite severe drought. The dispute continues later in the year when Karnataka again halts releases.", "sources": [ "Walton 2012", "Indian Express, The 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iran is accused of efforts to prevent construction of Kamal Khan Dam, Afghanistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan, Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 30.32600000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": 61.88199999999999789679350215010344982147216796875, "description": "Shakila Hakimi, a member of the Nimroz provincial council in Afghanistan, accuses Iran in 2012 of conducting an insurgency in order to prevent construction of the Kamal Khan Dam.", "sources": [ "Aman 2013", "Etedaalier 2011", "Muhammadi 2011", "Radio Free Europe 2011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamist kill dam guards in Afghanistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.80799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": 69.3790000000000048885340220294892787933349609375, "description": "Islamist militants execute militia members defending the Machalgho Dam in eastern Afghanistan. The dam is being developed for irrigation and local power supply. This dispute is one of several surrounding the international waters of Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, which share several rivers.", "sources": [ "Mashal 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Killings in water conflicts in Brazil", "date": "2012", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -15, "lng": -48, "description": "Northeastern Brazil sees growing conflicts after severe drought reduces water availability. News agencies report that one person a day is being killed from \"water wars,\" which involve locals fighting over scarce supplies.", "sources": [ "Catholic Online 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants block work and attack water systems at the Wular Dam construction site in India", "date": "2012", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 31.8472000000000008412825991399586200714111328125, "lng": 75.4364000000000061163518694229423999786376953125, "description": "Militants block work at the Wular Conservation Project (Wular Dam) construction site in the Baramulla District of India and attack and sabotage water systems, and flood protection works in northern Kashmir. They attack engineers and workers and detonate explosives at the unfinished Tulbul Navigation Lock/Wular Dam - a project opposed by Pakistan. Indian officials suggest that these militants may have been sent by Pakistan because of concerns that the project is in violation of Pakistani interests under the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Sources said that eight of the 16 militants who stopped work of the Project are Pakistani nationals. India says the dam is not in violation of the Treaty and would, if completed, be used only for transportation purposes. Pakistan believes the Indian control over Jhelum waters has the potential to disrupt the Pakistan-Upper Jhelum Canal, Upper Chenab Canal, and the Lower Bari Doab Canal.", "sources": [ "Hamid 2012a", "Ul Hassan 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Moroccan villagers cut off water supply to local mine fearing shortage and pollution", "date": "2012-2014", "country": "Morocco", "conflictType": "Trigger, Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 31.368999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": -5.79028999999999971493025441304780542850494384765625, "description": "A group of Moroccan villagers, including many women and children try to stop the water supply to a local silver mine. They shut down some of the main wells that supply water for mining citing concerns about water allocation and pollution. The facility in Imiter, a Berber village nestled in the High Atlas mountains, has been accused of drawing more than its fair share of water and polluting what it uses.", "sources": [ "Brouksy 2012", "Alami 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police kill gold mine protestors in Peru", "date": "2012", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.5, "lng": -74.5, "description": "Several incidents of protests, injuries, and deaths are reported in regions of Peru where residents oppose large mines because of concerns over water quality and water rights. Police kill four protestors in clashes over the proposed Canadian-operated $5 billion dollar Minas Conga gold mine.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2012a", "Yeager 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors burn buildings at Belo Monte Dam site, Brazil", "date": "2012", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -3.11582999999999987750243235495872795581817626953125, "lng": -51.7957999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Work on the controversial $13 billion Belo Monte dam is halted after protesters burn buildings at three dam sites.", "sources": [ "Borisov 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors concerned about water quality and water rights are injured and 2 killed at Peru's Tintaya mine", "date": "2012", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -14.800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": -71.400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Protests because of concerns over water quality and water rights around the Xstrata Tintaya copper mine lead to two deaths and 50 injuries.", "sources": [ "Aquino and Wade 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Somali insurgents poison peacekeepers' well", "date": "2012", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -0.35999999999999998667732370449812151491641998291015625, "lng": 42.53999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "description": "Somali Al Shabaab insurgents poison a well and damage water infrastructure near the port city of Kismayo, Somalia. Insurgents are fighting against Kenyan peacekeeping troops participating in the African Union mission in Somalia.", "sources": [ "Wabala 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South Africans riot over water and power", "date": "2012", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -33.92530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 18.423899999999999721467247582040727138519287109375, "description": "Protesters in poor communities of Cape Town, South Africa riot over inadequate water and power. Hundreds burn tires, destroy cars, and throw rocks at police in anger over the lack of basic services.", "sources": [ "Xinhua News 2012b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian Civil War battle damages Aleppo pipeline", "date": "2012", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.21670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "lng": 37.16669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "description": "During the Syrian Civil War, the major pipeline delivering water to the city of Aleppo is badly damaged. The city of three million suffers severe shortages of drinking water.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two explosive devices placed in a well are discovered and defused in Pakistan", "date": "2012", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.601799999999997226041159592568874359130859375, "lng": 70.9147999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "description": "Two explosive devices placed in a well are discovered and defused in Nar Raza Khan village, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. No group claims responsibility for the incident.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201208130026" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Uzbekistan cuts gas over Tajik dam project", "date": "2012", "country": "Uzbekistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 41.27000000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "lng": 69.219999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "Uzbekistan cuts natural gas deliveries to Tajikistan in retaliation over a Tajik hydroelectric dam which Uzbeks say will disrupt water supplies. Gas flows resumed after a new contract is signed.", "sources": [ "Kozhevnikov 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Villagers protest contaminated water in Egypt", "date": "2012", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.0587000000000017507773009128868579864501953125, "lng": 29.257600000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "description": "Villagers from the Nile Delta province of Menoufia north of Cairo briefly lock the Egyptian health minister and a provincial governor inside a hospital room in protest over contaminated water caused hundreds of residents to fall ill. Egypt's state-run news agency MENA says the number of sick people reached more than 400. The two are released with police intervention.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2012b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence between camel herders and farmers over access to water and concerns about water contamination leave one dead in Kenya", "date": "2012", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -3.50328999999999979308995534665882587432861328125, "lng": 38.36399999999999721467247582040727138519287109375, "description": "Several farmers from Mwatate, Kenya are attacked, one killed, by camel herders after attempts to chase camels from agricultural land. The camel herders have moved to the area to find land and water for their stock. Farmers are also concerned about the potential spread of disease and pollution of the local water sources from camel feces and urine. ", "sources": [ "Mghenyi 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over water in Nairobi, Kenya's slums", "date": "2012", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.282999999999999918287585387588478624820709228515625, "lng": 36.81700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "Violence, including several deaths, occurs during disputes over access to water in the poorest slums around Nairobi, Kenya.", "sources": [ "Njeru 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent conflict among Kenyan and Ugandan herders", "date": "2012", "country": "Uganda, Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 1.71961999999999992638777257525362074375152587890625, "lng": 34.89909999999999712372300564311444759368896484375, "description": "Tensions lead to violence between Uganda and Kenya after Kenyan Pokot herdsmen cross the border seeking water and pasture. In October, the Ugandan government sends 5,000 soldiers to control violence among pastoralists from the two countries.", "sources": [ "Bii 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests over food and water in Mauritania", "date": "2012", "country": "Mauritania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": -15.949999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "description": "Protests and violence over water shortages occur in the capital of Mauritania, Nouakchott. By July 2012, over 70,000 Malian refuges were seeking asylum in Mauritania, putting pressure on scarce food and water supplies.", "sources": [ "Taha 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests over water shortages in Egypt", "date": "2012", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.308499999999998664179656771011650562286376953125, "lng": 30.842800000000000437694325228221714496612548828125, "description": "Public protests over drinking and irrigation water shortages take place across Egypt. Several protests turn violent: in Beni Suef, one person is killed and many injured during a conflict over irrigation water; in Minya, villagers clash with officials over water shortages and water pollution; in Faiyum, hundreds of people protesting water shortages block a highway and set fires.", "sources": [ "OOSKANews Correspondent 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests over water shortages in New Delhi", "date": "2012", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.5885999999999995679900166578590869903564453125, "lng": 77.1538000000000039335645851679146289825439453125, "description": "Scuffles and protests break out around New Delhi during the summer of 2012 as residents surround water delivery trucks and fight over water. The summer is the hottest in 33 years, leading to extensive energy and water shortages.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2012b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water-related violence in South Sudan refugee camp", "date": "2012", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.137499999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": 33.2625000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Violence breaks out at water points in the Jamam refugee camp in South Sudan. Medicines Sans Frontieres reports that as many as 10 refugees die every day because of water shortages at refugee camps in South Sudan.", "sources": [ "McNeish 2012", "Ferrie 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Women assaulted for attempting to take well water in India", "date": "2012", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.53170000000000072759576141834259033203125, "lng": 78.1487000000000051613824325613677501678466796875, "description": "Women from the village of Rasooh are reportedly assaulted for attempting to take water from a village well. The tensions over water are related to long-standing tensions between caste groups but have been worsened by drought and water shortage.", "sources": [ "Sharma 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four protesters against the Barro Blanco Dam are killed after blocking the Inter-American Highway in Panama", "date": "2012", "country": "Panama", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 8.3995800000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "lng": -82.3318000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "description": "Three protesters, Mauricio Mendez, Frankline Javilla, and an unnamed person are killed by government forces as they are blocking the Inter-American Highway in Panama in protest of the Barro Blanco Dam.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One dead and two injured during a confrontation over a dam project in Guatemala, sparking protests", "date": "2012", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.80460000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "lng": -91.315799999999995861799106933176517486572265625, "description": "On May 1, 2012, two security guards hired by a dam-building company are suspected of shooting three community members from Santa Cruz Barillas, Guatemala. One of the community members, Andres Pedro Miguel, dies, and two others are injured. The community members had been actively working to prevent the dam from being built. The death of Sr. Miguel sparks protests across the region. The Guatemalan government responds with military force, raiding citizen homes and jailing dissidents.", "sources": [ "DeLuca 2012", "Hernandez 2013", "Reynolds 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Organizer against dam projects in Honduras is killed in his home by police", "date": "2012", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.319900000000000517275111633352935314178466796875, "lng": -88.16509999999999536157702095806598663330078125, "description": "Police shoot and kill Santos Alberto Dominguez Benitez, a community organizer against local dam projects in Intibuca, Honduras.", "sources": [ "Redaccion El Heraldo 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man with known opposition to a dam in Bukidnon, Philippines, is shot and killed", "date": "2012", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 7.57265000000000032542857297812588512897491455078125, "lng": 124.99299999999999499777914024889469146728515625, "description": "A man who is known for his opposition to the Pulangi V dam project in Bukidnon, Phillippines is shot and killed by two people on a drive-by on a motorcycle. Mr. Margarito J. Cabal was a utlity worker and had reported being followed by police cars in the days leading up to his murder.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "OMCT 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian government attack on al-Haffe cuts water and electricity", "date": "2012", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.5902999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 36.02720000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "description": "Syrian government attack on al-Haffe cuts water and electricity.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water clash on border of Mali and Burkina Faso", "date": "2012", "country": "Mali, Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.966499999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "lng": -2.84288000000000007361222742474637925624847412109375, "description": "A clash along the border between Dogon villagers from Mali and nomadic Fulani herders from Burkina Faso kills at least 30 people, after an earlier agreement to share water and pasture land was revoked. Chaos following a military coup in March is partly responsible for the breakdown in law and order in Mali.", "sources": [ "Xinhua News 2012a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian government attack on Tremseh starts with the cutting of electricity and water supply ", "date": "2012", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.2719000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "lng": 36.50189999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "description": "Syrian government attack on Tremseh, Syria on 12 July 2012 starts with the cutting of electricity and water supply.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Taliban detonate a bomb at the Kapisa Dam, Afghanistan, killing three", "date": "2012", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.79350000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "lng": 69.682199999999994588506524451076984405517578125, "description": "The Taliban detonate an explosive device at the Kapisa Dam construction site, Afghanistan, killing three and injuring four more.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three killed in dispute over wells in Somalia", "date": "2012", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.2197260000000000046416204213528544642031192779541015625, "lng": 41.60520000000000351292328559793531894683837890625, "description": "In August 2012, fighting between two clans in the Lower Juba region of south Somalia kills at least three people and wounds five. Reports from the village of Waraq (near the border with Kenya) indicate that the dispute began over the ownership of new water wells.", "sources": [ "Shabelle Media Network 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers at the Gomal Zam Hydroelectric Dam in Pakistan are abducted by Tehrik-i-Taliban", "date": "2012", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.09940000000000281943357549607753753662109375, "lng": 69.885099999999994224708643741905689239501953125, "description": "About 12 Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan fighters kidnap eight workers at the Gomal Zam Hydroelectric Dam, in the Murtaza Goth area of Pakistan.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian rebels capture dam", "date": "2012", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.3813999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "lng": 38.183300000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "description": "In November, Syrian rebels fighting the government of President Bashar al-Assad overrun government forces and capture the Tishrin hydroelectric dam on the Euphrates River, after days of heavy clashes. The dam supplies electricity to part of Syria and is considered strategically important to the Syrian regime.", "sources": [ "Mroue 2012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Small dam is cyber attacked", "date": "2013", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.0193000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "lng": -73.6834999999999951114659779705107212066650390625, "description": "U.S. authorities discover that Iranian hackers have successfully infiltrated the control system of a small dam in New York State. Due to work being performed on the dam, the hackers are unable to alter dam operations, however the event exposes the risks of cyberattacks on U.S. infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Berger 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sri Lankan archbishop accuses army of killing unarmed protestors", "date": "2013", "country": "Sri Lanka", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.926899999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "lng": 79.8641999999999967485564411617815494537353515625, "description": "The Catholic Archbishop of Colombo, Sri Lanka accuses the Sri Lankan army of shooting unarmed protesters and desecrating a church during demonstrations against water contamination. In the incident, at least six people are reported killed and more than 50 others wounded. Thousands of residents were protesting against the contamination of groundwater supply to 15 local villages, allegedly by chemical waste from a rubber glove factory.", "sources": [ "Al Jazeera 2013", "Sun 2013", "Wipulasena 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tanzanian herders attempt to take control of water source", "date": "2013", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -6.0959500000000002017941369558684527873992919921875, "lng": 34.3489000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "description": "Conflicts over water continue in Tanzania between farmers and herders over dwindling water resources. In 2013, herders attempt to take over the central water source in the village of Makenya.", "sources": [ "Makoye 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Village water well destroyed in Somalia", "date": "2013", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.48252000000000005996980689815245568752288818359375, "lng": 43.483699999999998908606357872486114501953125, "description": "The water well for a village in the Bay region is destroyed by an attack attributed to Al-Shabaab.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201312020003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence escalates over water in Yemen", "date": "2013", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.530499999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 43.286799999999999499777914024889469146728515625, "description": "The dwindling water supply from shared mountain springs leads to growing violence between Marzouh and Qaradh, Yemen. At least six deaths occur and many more are wounded in clashes since 2000. \"Wherever in Yemen you see aquifers depleting, you have the worst conflicts,\" said Abdul Rahman al-Eryani, former minister for water and environment, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Friedman 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project employees kidnapped in Iraq", "date": "2013", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.77329999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "lng": 45.1495000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "Four water project employees are kidnapped by assailants dressed as police officers. The outcome of the kidnapping is unknown and no group has claimed responsibility for the incident.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201311190066" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortage causes riots in Jordan", "date": "2013", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.60600000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "lng": 37.585700000000002773958840407431125640869140625, "description": "The Syrian civil war and the displacement of refugees into Jordan contribute to a growing water supply crisis. In summer 2013, riots associated with water shortages are reported by the director of water utilities in Jordan's Mafraq governorate. He notes, \"Mafraq was on fire. People burned tires in the street and closed the roads. There was tension over water in the past, but the Syria crisis has made it much worse.\"", "sources": [ "Proctor 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortage leads to local fighting in India", "date": "2013", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.077799999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": 74.7124000000000023646862246096134185791015625, "description": "An acute water shortage in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India leads to fights among locals and one death. The government expresses concern about large-scale public unrest due to a severe drought and major water shortages.", "sources": [ "Express News Service 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water station in Egypt is attacked", "date": "2013", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 31.014900000000000801492205937393009662628173828125, "lng": 33.00540000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "A water station in Bir al-Abd, Egypt is attacked. No one is reported injured or killed. The attackers claim that the water station was built on their lands.", "sources": [ "MA'AN News Agency 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply for the city of Kitchanga, Congo cut off resulting in deaths", "date": "2013", "country": "Congo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -1.115320000000000089102059064316563308238983154296875, "lng": 29.03269999999999839701558812521398067474365234375, "description": "The water supply for the city of Kitshanga, Congo is cut off in clashes between DRC armed forces and the Alliance des Patriotes pour un Congo Libre et Souverain (APCLS). The violence kills tens of civilians, including a humanitarian worker, wounds hundreds of people, and displaces thousands. ", "sources": [ "UN News Service 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tanker in Myanmar is attacked", "date": "2013", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.478899999999999437250153278000652790069580078125, "lng": 94.400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Employees of the private company Assam Rifles are escorting a water tanker near the Manipur-Myanmar border when they are attacked with a remotely-detonated bomb. No one is reported injured, however the water tanker is damaged.", "sources": [ "Laithangbam 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Areas of Deir ez-Zor, Syria lose access to water when an armed group cuts supplies of food, potable water, and other essentials", "date": "2013", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 35.332999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "lng": 40.120800000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "description": "Areas of Deir ez-Zor, Syria lose access to water when an armed group cuts supplies of food, potable water, electricity and fuel. The use of untreated water from the river resulted in health problems in the civilian population.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2013a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Basic services, including water and electricity, are cut to settlements in southern Dara’a, Syria while under siege", "date": "2013", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.6019000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "lng": 36.09909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Basic services, including water and electricity, are cut to settlements in southern Dara’a, Syria while they are under siege in early 2013.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2013b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water tower and electricity generator in Masharah, Syria are shelled by government forces who impose a siege on the village", "date": "2013", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.13239999999999696456143283285200595855712890625, "lng": 35.95819999999999794226823723874986171722412109375, "description": "The water tower and electricity generator in Masharah, Syria are shelled by government forces who impose a siege on the village.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2013a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Algerian protestors and police clash at protest over water shortages", "date": "2013", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.18419999999999703277353546582162380218505859375, "lng": 5.4008500000000001506350599811412394046783447265625, "description": "Nineteen people are arrested in Algeria's Setif region when clashes erupt between protesters and police during a demonstration against water shortages. Around 300 protesters march on the town hall in Bouselam to demand improved water supplies and other local improvements. Clashes broke out when the security forces attempted to access the building by force, with 19 people arrested.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed gang sabotages main water pipeline in Yemen", "date": "2013", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.5800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": 44.02170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "An armed gang sabotages the main water pipeline from Sana'a to Ta'izz in al Hawjila, Ta'izz governorate on June 23.", "sources": [ "Barakishnet 2013", "Critical Threats 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Blockade causes shutdown of Gaza wastewater treatment plant", "date": "2013", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.689800000000001745092959026806056499481201171875, "lng": 34.59420000000000072759576141834259033203125, "description": "An Egyptian and Israel blockade of Gaza cut fuel supplies and causes a shutdown of Gaza's wastewater treatment plants, leading to massive overflow of sewage.", "sources": [ "Al-Mughrabi 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Car bomb targets water-supply systems in Colombia", "date": "2013", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.033539999999999903224079389474354684352874755859375, "lng": -76.4081000000000045702108764089643955230712890625, "description": "A car bomb thought to be targeted at a community water supply detonates near an aqueduct. No group claims responsibility, however Colombian officials attributed it to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). ", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201302060003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese dam builders killed after attack by Uyghurs", "date": "2013", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 37.27210000000000178488335222937166690826416015625, "lng": 79.9205999999999932015271042473614215850830078125, "description": "Hundreds of Uyghurs are arrested following an attack on May 20th that led to the death of seven Han Chinese workers building a dam on the Karakash River in Hotan (in Chinese, Hetian) prefecture's Karakash (Moyu) county, China. Local officials ascribe the violence to land and water disputes and cultural differences between Han immigrants [to Xinjiang] and Uyghurs.", "sources": [ "Hoshur 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash between Kenyan herders and crop growers kills 56", "date": "2013", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.351015000000000021440627051561023108661174774169921875, "lng": 36.89540000000000219415596802718937397003173828125, "description": "Fighting between Borana herders and the crop-growing Burji community kills at least 56 people in 2013. The violence is rooted in historic clan rivalries as well as competition for water and pasture in the arid region. Clashes between the two communities date back to the 1960s and are related to disputes over the use of political power to take control of water and fertile land.", "sources": [ "Khalif and Doya 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Colombian demonstration over water treatment plant turns violent", "date": "2013", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.345620000000000260342858382500708103179931640625, "lng": -72.4068999999999931560523691587150096893310546875, "description": "Violence breaks out in the town of Yopal, Colombia, which has been without water for nearly two years following the destruction of a water-treatment plant by a landslide. Demonstrations at government offices and offices of the water company lead to injuries and arrests.", "sources": [ "United Press International (UPI) 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators killed during protests over water shortages in Somaliland", "date": "2013", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.5642200000000006099298843764699995517730712890625, "lng": 44.0707000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "description": "At least two demonstrators are killed and others wounded in Somaliland when protests against water shortages are broken up by police firing live bullets. The shortages were caused by a work stoppage by private water vendors protesting new taxes.", "sources": [ "Hasan 2013", "Jama 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Egyptian politicians threaten sabotage of Ethiopian dam in a publicly broadcast meeting", "date": "2013", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.21829999999999927240423858165740966796875, "lng": 35.094099999999997407940099947154521942138671875, "description": "During a publicly broadcast meeting hosted by Egyptian President Morsi, some meeting participants (Egyptian politicians) suggest sabotaging Ethiopia's dam on the Blue Nile. ", "sources": [ "Ezzat 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Elsipotog Nation protests over fracking impact to water resources in Canada", "date": "2013", "country": "Canada", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 46.88629999999999853343979339115321636199951171875, "lng": -66.12139999999999417923390865325927734375, "description": "Several injuries are reported and six police cars burned during a protest by members of the Elsipogtog First Nation in Canada over the impacts to local water resources from fracking operations.", "sources": [ "CTV News 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental activist Tomas Garcia is killed at peaceful protest of the Agua Zarca Dam project in Honduras", "date": "2013", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.5892999999999997129407347529195249080657958984375, "lng": -86.7245999999999952478901832364499568939208984375, "description": "Environmental activist, Tomas Garcia, dies after being shot by the Honduran military during a peaceful protest of the Agua Zarca Dam project.", "sources": [ "International Rivers 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers in Iran clash with police over water diversions", "date": "2013", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.42009999999999791953086969442665576934814453125, "lng": 52.6484999999999985220711096189916133880615234375, "description": "Hundreds of farmers in the town of Varzaneh, in Iran's Isfahan province, clash with police during a protest against the government's decision to divert water from the area to another province. Iranian media say farmers smash a pipeline carrying water from Zayanderud river to neighboring Yazd province in an effort to prevent the water transfer. Dozens are reported injured and more arrested.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2013b", "Javedanfar 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fight over control of water in Pakistan", "date": "2013-2014", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.86070000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "lng": 67.0010999999999938836481305770576000213623046875, "description": "In Karachi, rival sects of the Taliban fight for the control of water by controlling infrastructure and land. ", "sources": [ "Hamid 2012a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five killed at protest against lack of water at Indonesian prison", "date": "2013", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.592429999999999790105675856466405093669891357421875, "lng": 98.6693000000000068894223659299314022064208984375, "description": "Protests against the lack of water and other basic resources at a prison in Medan, Indonesia leave five dead. Hundreds of convicts escape after the inmates set fire to the prison.", "sources": [ "Hariyadi 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic militants cut water supply to Timbuktu, Mali", "date": "2013", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.766799999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "lng": -3.00243999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "Attacks by Islamic militants on utilities cut water supply to Timbuktu, Mali. There are also reports that Malian forces carried out executions in the conflict area near the towns of Sevare, Mopti, and Niono with bodies being dumped in water wells.", "sources": [ "Formanek Smith-Spark and Netto 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kyrgyz villagers block canal at border", "date": "2013", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 42.94709999999999894271240918897092342376708984375, "lng": 73.5083000000000055251803132705390453338623046875, "description": "A water and land dispute between villagers living on the border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan escalates when Kyrgyz villages block a canal to prevent water flowing to farmers on the Kazakh side of the border.", "sources": [ "Lillis 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants attack pumping station in Libya", "date": "2013", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.8125, "lng": 13.1544000000000007588596417917869985103607177734375, "description": "Water for the capital of Libya, Tripoli is disrupted by an attack in southern Libya on a pumping station for the country's 'Great Man Made River' by militants loyal to former Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi.", "sources": [ "Stratfor 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militias cut off water supplies to Tripoli", "date": "2013", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.8104000000000013415046851150691509246826171875, "lng": 13.1516999999999999459987520822323858737945556640625, "description": "Militias cut off water supplies to Tripoli for several days in continuing unrest in the country.", "sources": [ "Hurriyet Daily News 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistan and India clash over Siachen Glacier", "date": "2013", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.59530000000000171667124959640204906463623046875, "lng": 74.3773000000000052978066378273069858551025390625, "description": "Tensions continue between India and Pakistan over access to and control of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir, with a demand by Pakistan that India withdraw troops stationed there.", "sources": [ "Press Trust of India (PTI) 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protester killed after attending a rally against a dam in Panama", "date": "2013", "country": "Panama", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 8.8575199999999991717913871980272233486175537109375, "lng": -82.557199999999994588506524451076984405517578125, "description": "After attending a protest against the Barro Blanco Dam in Panama, Onesimo Rodriguez is killed.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Guatemalan community activist against mining and hydroelectric projects is killed", "date": "2013", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.73310000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "lng": -91.45990000000000463842297904193401336669921875, "description": "In Santa Elalia, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, Daniel Pedro Mato disappears and is found dead several days later. He was an indigenous community activist helping to organize against mining and hydroelectric projects in the region.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply to the besieged town Muadamiyah, Syria is “cut off for weeks at a time” between April and December 2013", "date": "2013", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.46209999999999951114659779705107212066650390625, "lng": 36.1906000000000034333424991928040981292724609375, "description": "Water supply to the besieged town Muadamiyah, Syria is “cut off for weeks at a time” between April and December 2013.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2014a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A drinking water facility in Georgia, U.S., is attacked and the treatment settings are changed risking quality of tap water", "date": "2013", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 34.611299999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": -84.292900000000003046807250939309597015380859375, "description": "In April 2013, the drinking water facility of a small town in North Georgia is attacked. The attackers gain access to the monitoring system and change the fluorine and chlorine settings, leading the management company to advise the 400 residents not to use the tap water for a few days.", "sources": [ "Boubaker 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian government forces and Hezbollah cut water to the town of Al-Quasayr during a seige ", "date": "2013", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.507599999999996498445398174226284027099609375, "lng": 36.58250000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "description": "In May 2013, Syrian government forces and Hezbollah launch a major offensive on Al-Quasayr, controlling two water stations and cutting water to the town.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2013a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man displaced by dam project killed in Colombia for his opposition to additional projects", "date": "2013", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 7.08211000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": -75.7402000000000015234036254696547985076904296875, "description": "A man who is displaced by a dam, Nelson Giraldo, is shot for his opposition to further dam projects in Colombia. The Hidroituango dam project had displaced his family and many others from their home for around six months when he was shot. ", "sources": [ "Movimiento Rios Vivos 2013", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistani gunmen attack the Ghallanai Irrigation Dam site in Pakistan, damaging equipment and abducting civilians", "date": "2013", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.1715999999999979763742885552346706390380859375, "lng": 72.709800000000001318767317570745944976806640625, "description": "About 12 Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan fighters attack the Ghallanai Irrigation Dam site, Pakistan and abduct at least four citizens, and set fire to construction equipment.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Syrian government drops barrel bombs in Dawar Qadi Askar, Syria, severing the main water supply line", "date": "2013", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.20320000000000248974174610339105129241943359375, "lng": 37.17309999999999803321770741604268550872802734375, "description": "The Syrian government drops barrel bombs on 28 November 2013 in Dawar Qadi Askar, Syria, severing the main water-supply line.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2014a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots over erratic water supply in Kitwe, Zambia", "date": "2014", "country": "Zambia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -12.823299999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "lng": 28.216599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "Kitwe's Wusakile and Chamboli townships in Zambia experience riots over erratic water supply. Residents engage police in skirmishes and eight people are arrested.", "sources": [ "Zambia Daily Mail 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian shelling damages the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas canal and kills nine", "date": "2014", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.39620000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "lng": 37.97240000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "description": "Russian shelling of the pumping station of the 1st lift of the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas canal and other structures of the canal kills two and injures three. Over the course of several days, a total of nine people are killed and 26 employees of KP \"Donbas Water Company\" are injured.", "sources": [ "Donetsk Regional State Administration 2021", "Ulytsky et al. 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three US citizens arrested for planning attack on water-treatment plants", "date": "2014", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.2565000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "lng": -85.1671000000000049112713895738124847412109375, "description": "Three men in the state of Georgia are arrested for planning to attack water-treatment plants, power grids, and other infrastructure in an effort to incite anti-government militias in the United States to fight the federal government. A criminal complaint charges them with conspiring to receive and possess firearms, specifically pipe bombs and thermite grenades. Thermite grenades are military-grade weapons typically used to destroy vehicles, weapons systems, and other equipment.", "sources": [ "Brumback 2014", "Rome News-Tribune 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "U.S.-led coalition launches airstrikes to protect dams from ISIS", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.30850000000000221689333557151257991790771484375, "lng": 43.77239999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "description": "A U.S.-led coalition launches a series of air strikes against targets of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in areas around Mosul Dam, Fallujah Dam, and Haditha Dam in Iraq. U.S. aircraft destroy an ISIL-built earthen berm near the Fallujah Dam. This berm was built by ISIL to control downstream water supplies and to increase the flow of the Euphrates River into Abu Ghraib canals, flooding local Shiite neighborhoods in east Fallujah and forcing the locals to evacuate.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2014b", "Barnes 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukraine accused of cutting water supply to the North Crimea Canal", "date": "2014", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 46.01209999999999666897565475665032863616943359375, "lng": 34.55140000000000100044417195022106170654296875, "description": "After Russia annexes Crimea from the Ukraine, they accuse Ukraine of cutting off the water supply in the North Crimea Canal, leading to a water shortage for Crimea's agricultural fields growing grapes, rice, maize, and soya. The canal delivers water from the Dnipro River in southern Ukraine and accounts for 80% of Crimea's water supply.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2014a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Upper caste women in India reportedly restrict access to water sources", "date": "2014", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 30.6768000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": 76.528400000000004865796654485166072845458984375, "description": "Tensions revive in the area of Jammu and Kashmir in early 2014 when upper caste women reportedly restrict access to higher-quality water sources.", "sources": [ "Sharma 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over access to water between neighbors in Kyrgyzstan leaves one dead", "date": "2014", "country": "Kyrgyzstan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 40.62140000000000128466126625426113605499267578125, "lng": 73.6471999999999979991116560995578765869140625, "description": "In Kyrgyzstan an Uzbek farmer is killed by his Kyrgyz neighbor who reportedly attacks him over access to irrigation water.", "sources": [ "Arnold 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water construction equipment damaged in India", "date": "2014", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 20.754400000000000403588273911736905574798583984375, "lng": 82.437399999999996680344338528811931610107421875, "description": "Maoists in Dharambandha, India claim responsibility for a bombing attack on a culvert and the excavation machine being used to build a canal.", "sources": [ "New Indian Express, The 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline destroyed in South Sudan", "date": "2014", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 9.5505200000000005644551492878235876560211181640625, "lng": 31.651399999999998868815964669920504093170166015625, "description": "Fighting around Malakal, in South Sudan, displaces thousands and leaves many dead. A military checkpoint and water pipeline to the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) compound and nearby Protection of Civilians area are targeted and destroyed.", "sources": [ "World Vision 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline is damaged in Colombia", "date": "2014", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.179819999999999868833810978685505688190460205078125, "lng": -76.1748999999999938381733954884111881256103515625, "description": "A water pipeline is damaged by an explosive device near the Pan-American Highway in Colombia. The attack is attributed to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). ", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201407310004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water purification plant in Fallujah attacked", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.34440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "lng": 43.7813000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "At least two people die from a blast at a water purification plant in the city of Fallujah, in Al Anbar Province. More than 20 people are hospitalized from chlorine poisoning from the destruction of a water-purification chemical storage facility.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201406130089" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water system in Donetsk, Ukraine damaged during conflict with Russia", "date": "2014", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.98790000000000333102434524334967136383056640625, "lng": 37.80230000000000245563569478690624237060546875, "description": "During the conflict between the Ukraine and Russia, water systems for the city of Donetsk are damaged. The Donbas Water Company stops three pumping station from bringing water to the Siversky Donets-Donbas channel due to damages from the conflict.", "sources": [ "Kiev Post 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water treatment facilities and a dam in the Ukraine are attacked", "date": "2014", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.59870000000000089812601800076663494110107421875, "lng": 37.99799999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "description": "Gunmen fire at a water filtration center, causing an unknown number of casualties. Landmines are planted at a dam in Bakhmut (formerly Artemivsk district), Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. The outcome of the attack is not reported and no group claims responsibility, although it is attributed to the Donetsk People's Republic.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201407140120" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well attacked in Pakistan", "date": "2014", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.827100000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "lng": 72.231899999999995998223312199115753173828125, "description": "Two schools and a solar-powered tube well are destroyed in a blast attributed to militants in the Mohmand Agency. No injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Newspaper Correspondent, The 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water-supply reservoir is attacked in Ukraine", "date": "2014", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.30709999999999837427822058089077472686767578125, "lng": 38.0296000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "description": "The regional water utility company in the Donetsk Oblast province of eastern Ukraine reports that the reservoir in rebel-controlled Horlivka has been hit by shells. Two injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Naharnet Newsdesk 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three people are killed in Mothutlung, South Africa in a protest over sabotage of local water pumps", "date": "2014", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -25.60419999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 27.897400000000001085709300241433084011077880859375, "description": "Three people are killed during protests in Mothutlung, South Africa after the pumps supplying water are sabotaged, reportedly by private owners of water tankers who had paid kickbacks to municipal officials to cut the supply.", "sources": [ "Water Integrity Network/Corruption Watch 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb damages a water pipeline in the city of Minva Al-Qamh, Egypt", "date": "2014", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.51050000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "lng": 31.3455000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "A person is injured when an explosive device placed under a water pipeline is detonated in the city of Minya Al-Qamh, Egypt. The pipeline is not damaged. No one claims responsibility for the explosion.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201409270026" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed bandits force villages to pay a 'water tax'", "date": "2014", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.6326999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "lng": 79.2796000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "description": "Drought in northern India causes local bandits to threaten to kill nearby villagers unless they deliver water to their rural hideouts. Twenty-eight local villages obey the order and take turns paying what the bandits call a daily \"water tax.'", "sources": [ "Banerjee 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 30 people reported killed in attack on Haditha Dam, Iraq", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.20689999999999741930878371931612491607666015625, "lng": 42.35499999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "description": "At least 30 people are reported killed during an attack on a dam in the Haditha area of Iraq. No group claims responsibility for the attack but it is thought to have been carried out by Islamic State.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201412290031" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on an aqueduct in Colombia cuts off water for 16,000", "date": "2014", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.271990000000000176072489921352826058864593505859375, "lng": -73.0876999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "description": "An unclaimed attack on an aqueduct leaves approximately 16,000 people without water. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) is blamed for the attack and criticized by a Colombian military general for causing a war crime by breaking international law that prohibits attacks on water systems.", "sources": [ "Escobar 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on water construction project in Iraq", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.29950000000000187583282240666449069976806640625, "lng": 44.3284000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "description": "Shots are fired at a checkpoint for an Iranian company working on a water project south of Kirkuk, Iraq. ", "sources": [ "Aswat al-Iraq 2014a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bombing injures two at water project in Iraq", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.22319999999999851070242584683001041412353515625, "lng": 43.6792999999999977944753482006490230560302734375, "description": "Two people are injured when a bomb explodes near the center of the city Tuz Khurmatu at the town's water project.", "sources": [ "Aswat al-Iraq 2014b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Christian militias reportedly kill Muslim civilians", "date": "2014", "country": "Central African Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.5484700000000000130739863379858434200286865234375, "lng": 20.618099999999998317434801720082759857177734375, "description": "Continued sectarian violence in the Central African Republic between Muslim and Christian militias includes reports of Muslim civilians being killed and their bodies thrown down water wells.", "sources": [ "Lodge 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Civilians suffer violence, intentional water cuts along Georgia-Russia border", "date": "2014", "country": "Georgia, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.97849999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "lng": 43.10679999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "description": "Despite continuing talks between Georgia and Russia following a 2008 war over South Ossetia and Abkhazia, violence continues in the region. Georgia says civilians along the line suffer violence and kidnappings, that school children are detained regularly by Russian troops, and that water and gas supplies are regularly cut off.", "sources": [ "Independent Online 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Free Syrian Army cuts off water supply to Wadi Barada", "date": "2014", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.62429999999999807869244250468909740447998046875, "lng": 36.108800000000002228262019343674182891845703125, "description": "Syrian government forces are driven out of Wadi Barada's villages after the Free Syrian Army (FSA) cuts off water supply from Ain al-Fijah, a major spring serving the Damascus area.", "sources": [ "Reznick 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government reportedly bombs pumping stations in Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2014", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.2154000000000024783730623312294483184814453125, "lng": 37.14959999999999951114659779705107212066650390625, "description": "The water supply for the Syrian city of Aleppo is cut off in both regime and opposition-controlled areas. The city's water pumping stations are bombed, reportedly by the government, as are water distribution networks in opposition-controlled areas. In return, the Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs blames opposition forces for the water crisis.", "sources": [ "Bulos 2014", "Syria Direct 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Groups attack Venezuelan water treatment plant", "date": "2014", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 8.599389999999999645297066308557987213134765625, "lng": -71.1496000000000066165739553980529308319091796875, "description": "Unidentified groups attack the Bourgin water-treatment plant in Merida, Venezuela and contaminate the local supply with diesel fuel. The contamination is discovered through water-quality testing and the water supply to Merida is shut off for a short period for cleaning.", "sources": [ "Pearson 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Haditha Dam on the Euphrates River is attacked", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.20689999999999741930878371931612491607666015625, "lng": 42.35499999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "description": "Reports from a military spokesperson from Iraq say security forces fought off militant groups trying to seize Haditha and a nearby dam on the Euphrates River. 40 militants are killed by the security forces.", "sources": [ "Derechos Human Rights and Equipo Nizkor 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hydroelectric power plant is attacked in Turkey", "date": "2014", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.60130000000000194404492503963410854339599609375, "lng": 43.097499999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "A hydroelectric power plant in Kars Province, Turkey is attacked by the Kurdistan Workers' Party. Three attackers are killed. The next day, three off-duty Turkish soldiers are killed in retribution.", "sources": [ "Staff, Reuters 2014", "Hurriyet Daily News 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Texas, family feud over water well erupts in violence", "date": "2014", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.384699999999998709654391859658062458038330078125, "lng": -95.1452000000000026602720026858150959014892578125, "description": "A dispute over a water well leads to a violent assault with a sword and gun. Two men are arrested.", "sources": [ "Hlavaty 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Insurgents seize Falluja Dam", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.3085999999999984311216394416987895965576171875, "lng": 43.77239999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "description": "Insurgents from Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) seize the Fallujah Dam in Iraq and close the floodgates to cause upstream flooding and to cut downstream water supply. The objective is to flood the area around the city of Fallujah to force government troops to retreat and lift a siege, while cutting water supplies and hydroelectricity generation for other parts of the country.", "sources": [ "Coles 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State blocks access to water", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.27420000000000044337866711430251598358154296875, "lng": 43.37740000000000151203494169749319553375244140625, "description": "In Iraq, Islamic State blocks access to water in the predominantly Christian town of Qaraqosh (also known as Bakhdida), take over farms and agricultural land, and expel most of the 50,000 residents.", "sources": [ "UN Security Council 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State contaminates drinking water supplies, Syria", "date": "2014", "country": "Syria, Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.1844999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 37.12180000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "description": "Islamic State deliberately contaminates drinking water with crude oil in the Balad district of the Salahaddin Governorate. Poisoned water supplies are also reported from Aleppo, Deir ez Zor, Raqqa, and Baghdad.", "sources": [ "UN Security Council 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State destroys water wells, pumps, and pipes in agricultural regions in Iraq", "date": "2014-2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.13790000000000190993887372314929962158203125, "lng": 40.6201999999999969759301166050136089324951171875, "description": "Farmers returning to their land in northwestern Iraq after the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL) find widespread devastation to agricultural land, livestock, and machinery, including water pumps, wells, pipes and generators. One assessment by the Iraq Food and Security Cluster Partnership notes that of the 450 deep wells, only 50 are still useable. Another assessment by Amnesty International details the destruction of wells on the properties of more than 30 different farmers from across the country.", "sources": [ "Joint Crisis Coordination Center 2015", "Amnesty International 2018b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State fighters advance on Haditha Dam", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 34.20739999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "lng": 42.3547999999999973397279973141849040985107421875, "description": "Iraqi officials report that fighters with the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) are advancing on the Haditha Dam, the second-largest in Iraq, raising the possibility of catastrophic damage and flooding. The ISIL militants are fighting for control of the Euphrates River dam, about 120 miles northwest of Baghdad and government forces were fighting to halt their advance. Army officers tell employees to stay inside and to be prepared to open the dam's floodgates if ordered to do so, one employee said.", "sources": [ "Rubin and Nordland 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State forces take control of Mosul Dam", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.63029999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": 42.82300000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "description": "Mosul Dam in Iraq is taken over by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) forces in August 2014. Over the next several weeks, Kurdish and US forces attack ISIS/ISIL in the region and retake control of the dam.", "sources": [ "Maler 2014", "Kreiter 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State uses Falluja Dam as a weapon", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.3085999999999984311216394416987895965576171875, "lng": 43.77239999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "description": "Islamic State closes the Falluja Dam floodgates and diverts water over an irrigation channel into a side valley, inundating land up to 100km away and placing parts of the city of Abu Ghraib under up to four meters of water. More than 10,000 houses and 200 square kilometers of farmland are flooded and extensive livestock killed. Water for millions of people in the cities of Karbala, Najaf, and Babil is cut off for a time.", "sources": [ "UN Security Council 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan security clash over border dispute", "date": "2014", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 39.79249999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "lng": 70.637699999999995270627550780773162841796875, "description": "Security forces in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan clash over a border dispute. Among the targets of the violence, which leave security forces wounded on both sides, are a small dam and electricity substation inside Kyrgyzstan. The local grievances include disputes over access to pasture and water resources.", "sources": [ "Trilling 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Levees along the Shebelle River, Somalia are destroyed", "date": "2014", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 4.95877999999999996560973158921115100383758544921875, "lng": 45.01209999999999666897565475665032863616943359375, "description": "Levees are destroyed along the Shebelle River in Somalia, in an attempt, sources claim, to make roads unusable by military forces. The attack is attributed to Al-Shabaab.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201409010003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Libyan tribal disputes include attacks on pumps and pipeline systems", "date": "2014", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.56099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "lng": 17.422999999999998266275724745355546474456787109375, "description": "Disputes between two tribes in Libya, the Zwai and Tebu, include attacks on power stations and power cut for the pumps that operate the 'Man Made River' pipeline system, leading to water shortages.", "sources": [ "Adel 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militia burn and loot South Darfur refugee camp, destroying water wells", "date": "2014", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.4114000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "lng": 24.902499999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "Armed Janjaweed militia burn and loot a South Darfur refugee camp, killing a local sheikh, injuring others, looting property and livestock, and destroying all water wells.", "sources": [ "Radio Dabanga 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple water projects are attacked in Iraq", "date": "2014", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.49260000000000303543856716714799404144287109375, "lng": 43.23740000000000094360075308941304683685302734375, "description": "In less than a week, several water projects are the targets of explosives, killing six employees of one of the water projects and damaging the infrastructure in Al-Shirqat District, Saladin Governorate, and Mushirfah, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201404090018, 201404130034" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Over 1000 killed in Nigeria over access to land and water", "date": "2014", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.39620000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "lng": 8.6088000000000004519051799434237182140350341796875, "description": "Violence between farmers and herders kills over 1,000 people in 2014 in Nigeria alone, according to Human Rights Watch. At the root of this violence is the issue of access to land and water resources.", "sources": [ "McAleer 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinian water supply and wastewater system hit by Israeli war planes", "date": "2014", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.4307000000000016370904631912708282470703125, "lng": 34.38130000000000308091330225579440593719482421875, "description": "Israeli warplanes hit water supply wells, pipelines, and wastewater treatment plants servicing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in the Gaza region. Palestinian officials state that the attacks intentionally targeted the infrastructure, mounting a war crime under the Geneva Protocol. ", "sources": [ "Omer 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pojom II hydroelectric project facilities in Guatemala is set on fire", "date": "2014", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.7675000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": -91.5798999999999949750417727045714855194091796875, "description": "The Pojom II hydroelectric project facilities are set on fire. This is one of three proposed hydroelectric projects in the northern Huehuetenango region of Guatemala that has been opposed by many of the local community.", "sources": [ "Environmental Justice Atlas 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water shortages in South Africa turn violent", "date": "2014", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.634499999999999175770426518283784389495849609375, "lng": 27.7804000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "description": "At least four people are killed in South Africa during protests over water shortages in the northern town of Brits.", "sources": [ "Sky News 2014", "Maseko 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Leader of opposition to the Tigre dam project in Honduras is found dead", "date": "2014", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.488099999999999312194631784223020076751708984375, "lng": -87.9857999999999975671016727574169635772705078125, "description": "A leader in the opposition to the Tigre Dam project, Justo Sorto, is found dead in Intibuca, Honduras. The dam is planned to be on a river the flows between Honduras and El Salvador.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four people killed and others injured in clashes over a dam project in Pakistan", "date": "2014", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.52060000000000172803993336856365203857421875, "lng": 73.736999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "description": "In February 2014, four people are killed and another seven are injured in clashes between Pakistani communities over the construction of the Diamer-Bhasha Dam. The Pakistani government has failed to intervene in the dispute which has erupted between regional communities over who will be responsible for the construction and other aspects of the dam's administration.", "sources": [ "DAWN Correspondent 2016", "Internataional Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous organizer supporting efforts to oppose Las Mintas Dam in Honduras shot and killed", "date": "2014", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.320499999999999118927007657475769519805908203125, "lng": -87.6724999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Indigenous organizer, Pedro Perez, working in opposition of Las Mintas Dam is shot and killed in Honduras. ", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Coordinator of Honduran indigenous organization opposed to the Agua Zarca Dam attacked", "date": "2014", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.333800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": -88.16030000000000654836185276508331298828125, "description": "A woman, Maria Santos Dominguez, serving as the coordinator of COPINH (Consejo Civico de Organizaciones Populares e Indigenas de Honduras) in Rio Blanco, Honduras, is attacked in her home. COPINH is an indigenous organization that has been organizing people to oppose the Agua Zarca Dam in Honduras.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Solidarity Collective 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers and herdsmen clash over land and water access in Nigeria", "date": "2014", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.5716499999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "lng": 7.6908300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "description": "In Nigeria, Tiv/Agatu farmers and Fulani herdsmen clash over access to grazing land and water points. In April 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan orders military operations in Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau states in an effort to reduce the violence.", "sources": [ "All Africa 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Village clashes with police over spring", "date": "2014", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.432500000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "lng": -99.137799999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "description": "A confrontation over a water spring between 1,500 police and residents of a village on Mexico City's western outskirts leaves more than 100 police injured and five people arrested. It is the latest in a series of clashes over increasingly scarce water in the city, which draws much of its supply from surrounding states. Local governments say they are trying to extend municipal supply to the area; residents are afraid the objective is to take control over a local water source.", "sources": [ "Stevenson 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Impaired electrical grid and water supply in Aleppo, Syria lead to a lack of potable water and sanitation", "date": "2014", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 36.20309999999999917008608463220298290252685546875, "lng": 37.13340000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "description": "The Al-Nusra Front “deliberately impairs” the electrical grid and water supply in Aleppo, Syria between May 5-14th, leading to a lack of potable water and sanitation.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2014b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community activist organzing to block construction of the Agua Zarca Dam in Honduras murdered ", "date": "2014", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.3358000000000007645439836778677999973297119140625, "lng": -88.158600000000006957634468562901020050048828125, "description": "Community activist, William Jacobo, in Rio Blanco, Honduras, is murdered. The Rio Blanco community was organizing to block the construction of the Agua Zarca Dam. ", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Organizer against corporate dam and mining projects killed in Mexico", "date": "2014", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 20.073299999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "lng": -97.457999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": " A local leader opposing corporate hydroelectric and mining projects, Antonio Esteban Cruz, is killed in Mexico. Sr. Cruz was a leader of the Movimiento Independiente Obrero, Campesino, Urbano y Popular (MIOCUP) and had recently formed the Encuentro Nacional Indígena y Campesino (Ficam) to defend the land against corporate mining, gas pipelines, and dams. ", "sources": [ "Martell 2015", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over spring diversion erupts in violence in Mexico", "date": "2014", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.3318000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "lng": -99.26699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "Protestors in San Bartolo Ameyalco on the outskirts of Mexico City battle anti-riot police during a protest to prevent the diversion of local spring water to a new development nearby. More than 100 people are injured, some seriously.", "sources": [ "Becerra 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Extensive damage to Gaza's water systems during the Israeli attacks on Gaza", "date": "2014", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "Water and sanitation facilities in Gaza are heavily affected by the escalation of violence in 2014 with 63 water facilities damaged and 23 completely destroyed. More than 80 percent of the water wells in Gaza are estimated to not function with about 1.2 million people lacking access to water and sanitation services. Key sewage facilities are partially destroyed, including 60 percent of the treatment plants and 27 percent of the pumping stations, and 33,000 meters of water and wastewater networks are damaged.", "sources": [ "World Bank 2014", "GISHA 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli missile hits water tank in Gaza, killing several ", "date": "2014", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "Several days of attacks on houses in Gaza by Israeli missles in July destroy water tanks and kill several occupants.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tanks are destroyed in Khuza'a, Gaza by Israel military and a water treatment plant is bombed", "date": "2014", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.335699999999999221245161606930196285247802734375, "lng": 34.34060000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "description": "Khuza’a town in Gaza is attacked by Israel Defense Forces. The electricity is cut and reports indicate that many water tanks on the rooftops of homes are attacked and destroyed by the IDF. The Israeli ground operation in Khuza’a also results in extensive damage to the water tower that serves the civilian population and to a water treatment plant.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six dead including two children as protests against a dam project turn violent in Guatemala", "date": "2014", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.618900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "lng": -90.094300000000004047251422889530658721923828125, "description": "Indigenous Q'equchi community members at risk of displacement from the Santa Rita hydroelectric dam in Guatemala are met with an esitmated 1,500 police sent to evict residents to allow dam construction to begin. At least six people, including two children are killed in confrontations related to the dam.", "sources": [ "Nelsen 2015", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "ISIS cuts off water and electricity supply to Kobane, Syria ahead of their assault in September 2014", "date": "2014", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.89099999999999823785401531495153903961181640625, "lng": 38.34909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "ISIS cuts off water and electricity supply to Kobane, Syria ahead of their assault in September 2014.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fisherman with connetions to organization opposing the Hidrosogamoso dam in Colombia dies from stabbing", "date": "2014", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 6.8775899999999996481392372515983879566192626953125, "lng": -73.4072000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "A fisherman with connections to an organization working to oppose a dam in Colombia, Armando Caballero Toscano, is stabbed while walking to a friend's house. Mr. Toscano was the son of a leader of the local organization opposing the construction of the Hidrosogamoso Dam on the Sogamoso River in Colombia. ", "sources": [ "Rios Vivos 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests against the construction of the Sivens dam in France turn violent, one protestor is killed", "date": "2014", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 43.9166000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "lng": 1.7694199999999999928235183688229881227016448974609375, "description": "In 2014 protestors camped out to prevent the construction of the Sivens Dam on the Tescou River in southern France have multiple confrontations with police. On the night of October 26, one protestor, Remi Fraisse, is hit by a grenade thrown by the police and dies. His death prompts widespread protests across the country and shortly afterward, the regional government decides to halt the project completely.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Wikipedia contributors 2025b", "Cabrera 2014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Honduran youth killed for supporting efforts opposing the Agua Zarca Dam", "date": "2014", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.8034999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": -88.598399999999998044586391188204288482666015625, "description": "In October 2014, Maycol Ariel Rodriguez Garcia, a 15 year old indigenous youth from Honduras, was found dead. His death is thought to be connected to his involvement with anti-dam efforts in his community where indigenous Lenca community members have been working to stop the construction of the Agua Zarca Dam on Rio Blanco.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Solidarity Collective 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Revolutionary forces in Colombia blow up a water treatment facility", "date": "2015", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.523730000000000028848035071860067546367645263671875, "lng": -75.3152000000000043655745685100555419921875, "description": "According to military officials, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) \"detonated a high power explosive device,\" destroying a water facility in the town of Algeciras, in southwestern Colombia, disrupting service to about 13,000 people.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2015b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian Federation forces bomb water-treatment facility in Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2015", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.23230000000000217141860048286616802215576171875, "lng": 38.02289999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "description": "Russian Federation forces bomb the al-Khafsa water treatment facility in the city of Aleppo, reportedly mistaking it for an oil-production facility. The treatment plant draws water from the Euphrates River and is called \"one of the most important in Syria, producing an average of 18 million liters of drinking water daily.\" According to UNICEF, \"The bombing caused severe damage and cut off piped water supplies on which approximately 3.5 million people depend.\" Water pumping operations have since been partially restored, but more than 1.4 million people in rural Aleppo continue to suffer interruptions to their supply.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2015", "Triebert 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saudi Arabia destroys a water bottling plant in Yemen; kills dozens", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.10170000000000101181285572238266468048095703125, "lng": 43.3376999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "description": "A plant is destroyed and 14 workers are killed in Yemen in an aerial bombing by a Saudi-led coalition. The Yemeni Defense Ministry claims the facility was a bottled water plant, while the Saudi-led coalition claims the facility was used to make bombs and train African migrants. Human Rights Watch finds no evidence the facility was anything except a bottling plant.", "sources": [ "Fahim 2015", "Human Rights Watch 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Silvan Dam construction site attacked", "date": "2015", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 38.2912000000000034560798667371273040771484375, "lng": 41.0236000000000018417267710901796817779541015625, "description": "A remotely detonated explosive on a road used for delivering supplies to the Silvan Dam construction site kills one civilian, a child. The bomb is thought to be planted by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and targeted at military vehicles. ", "sources": [ "Daily Sabah Turkey 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Small Peruvian town protests company's groundwater pumping", "date": "2015", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -14.356999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": -75.6769000000000033878677641041576862335205078125, "description": "In a feud over water, farmers in the Peruvian town of Ocucaje challenge an effort by a company, Agricola La Venta, to start pumping from three wells. Water from the wells would flow through about eight miles of pipes to a farm that produces table grapes for export. Protesters set fire to plastic pipes and one protester is injured by company representatives during a dispute. The town is already struggling with serious water shortages and villagers are concerned that the pumping would further threaten water supplies.", "sources": [ "James 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soldiers guarding Turkish dam are attacked", "date": "2015", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.9249999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 40.2109999999999985220711096189916133880615234375, "description": "Turkish soldiers guarding a hydroelectric dam are attacked with rockets and long-range gunfire by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in the Kulp district of Diyarbakir. One soldier is killed and three wounded.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2015d" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "State water corporation is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.5116999999999993775645634741522371768951416015625, "lng": 43.90310000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "description": "A state water corporation is damaged in the conflict in Yemen, in Shibam Kawkaban District, Al Mahwit, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "State water utility infrastructure is attacked in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.2964999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 44.37570000000000192130755749531090259552001953125, "description": "A state run water utility is a casualty to the conflict in Yareem District, Ibb, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Terrorists bomb main water pipe into Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2015", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.20609999999999928377292235381901264190673828125, "lng": 37.16640000000000298996383207850158214569091796875, "description": "Fighters from Jabhat al-Nusra, the Syrian branch of Al-Qaeda, bomb the main pipeline carrying water to the city of Aleppo from the Euphrates River. More than 100 people are sickened by contaminated water.", "sources": [ "Reznick 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian town loses water supply", "date": "2015", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.55160000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "lng": 39.326099999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "Most of the villages and towns in the southwest portion of the Luhansk region in Ukraine lose access to their water supply after fighting damages a water main.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2015c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water drilling rig is damaged during conflict in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.77629999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 43.43319999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "A water drilling rig is damaged in Yemen, in the Haydan District, Saada.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water factory is hit in multiple air raids in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4503000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 45.01979999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "description": "The Adhban water factory is hit during three air raids that occurred in August, in Sirwah District, Marib, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water infrastructure is attacked in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.4334000000000006735945135005749762058258056640625, "lng": 44.80810000000000314912540488876402378082275390625, "description": "A water project in Al-Sharyah District, Al Bayda, Yemen is damaged. On the same day in Al-Mahabishah\nDistrict, Hajja, water wells are also damaged in an air raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipe attacked in Egypt", "date": "2015", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.73270000000000123918653116561472415924072265625, "lng": 31.719500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "A bomb explodes under a water pipe in al-Rahmaniya village, Abu Kebir, Sharqia governorate, Egypt. ", "sources": [ "Al-Youm 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline damaged in Pakistan", "date": "2015", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 28.490700000000000358113538823090493679046630859375, "lng": 65.09579999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "A water pipeline is damaged in a blast from an explosive reportedly placed by the Baloch Republican Army in Nokani, Balochistan province, Pakistan. No injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201502220004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water plant in Colombia severely damaged in attack", "date": "2015", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.52348000000000016740386854507960379123687744140625, "lng": -75.3157000000000067529981606639921665191650390625, "description": "A water plant near Algeciras, Colombia is severely damaged from an explosive, leaving approximately 13,000 people without services. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) rebels are blamed for the attack. This attack on infrastructure comes after several other similar attacks on electrical plants and towers.", "sources": [ "Naharnet Newsdesk 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project is hit in air raids in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.707300000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "lng": 44.91409999999999769215719425119459629058837890625, "description": "A water project in Majzar District, Marib, Yemen is hit during multiple evening air raids. ", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply well is attacked in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.444400000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "lng": 43.777299999999996771293808706104755401611328125, "description": "A water supply well attacked in Al-Ashah District, Amran, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is damaged in an air raid in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water tank is damaged in air raids in Sa'ada District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is hit in an air raid in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.364000000000000767386154620908200740814208984375, "lng": 44.18889999999999673718775738961994647979736328125, "description": "A water tank is damaged in an air raid in Al-Sab'ein District, Capital, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.77629999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 43.43319999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "A water truck owned by an oil & gas company is damaged in the conflict in Haydan District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water trucks are damaged in conflict in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.7251999999999991786125974613241851329803466796875, "lng": 43.0013000000000005229594535194337368011474609375, "description": "Water trucks are damaged during the conflict in Az Zuhrah District, Al Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well hit in air raid in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.702999999999999403144101961515843868255615234375, "lng": 43.60390000000000298996383207850158214569091796875, "description": "A water well is damaged during an air raid in Mustaba District, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Yemen's civil war leaves millions without access to drinking water", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.5295000000000005258016244624741375446319580078125, "lng": 47.78690000000000281943357549607753753662109375, "description": "The Yemeni Interior Ministry claims up to 4,000 people die annually from water-related violence including raids on wells and other fights over water access involving armed groups. A report from Yemen's pro-government newspaper estimates that 70-80% of conflicts in rural areas are about water. The UNFAO estimates that about 20 million Yemenis do not have access to drinking water because of the ongoing civil war.", "sources": [ "Whitehead 2015", "Almohsen 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A death is reported in ongoing farmer-herder conflicts in Tanzania", "date": "2015", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.4828200000000000269295696853077970445156097412109375, "lng": 35.07289999999999707824827055446803569793701171875, "description": "A group of Maasi cattle herders beat and kill a crop farmer in a conflict over water access. The farmer and his family had moved near the river because of changes in precipitation, making water unpredictable.", "sources": [ "DrinkLocal DrinkTap 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A local activist is injured during attempt to observe well digging operation by a private agricultural corporation in Peru", "date": "2015", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -14.3561999999999994059862729045562446117401123046875, "lng": -75.6769000000000033878677641041576862335205078125, "description": "A local activist in Peru seeking to block corporate agricultural company, Agricola La Venta, from drilling wells is assaulted as she attempts to view a new well.", "sources": [ "James 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water filtration plant in the Ukraine is damaged", "date": "2015", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.737200000000001409716787748038768768310546875, "lng": 39.23120000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "description": "During multiple attacks on the city of Shchastya, Ukraine, a water filtration station is hit. One person is killed and two others wounded during the attacks. While no group claims responsibility for the attacks, they are attributed to the Luhansk People's Republic.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201501140039" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water truck is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.256900000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water truck is damaged during the conflict in Amran District, Amran, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raid damages water well in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.00450000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 43.19919999999999760120772407390177249908447265625, "description": "A water well is damaged during an air raid in Razih District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raid hits water well in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.320299999999999585043042316101491451263427734375, "lng": 43.24730000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "An early morning air raid hits a water well in Al Mokha District, Taizz, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raids damage water infrastructure in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "Multiple air raids over the course of two days damage water wells and a water factory in Sihar District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raids damage water wells in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.12180000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "lng": 43.40440000000000253521648119203746318817138671875, "description": "Multiple air raids over the course of a week damage water wells in Bakil Al-Mir and Hayran Districts, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An air raid damages a water tank in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.7752999999999996560973158921115100383758544921875, "lng": 45.03260000000000218278728425502777099609375, "description": "A water tank is damaged in an air raid in Craiter District, Aden, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on water supply reservoir in Libya", "date": "2015", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.80239999999999866986399865709245204925537109375, "lng": 12.3001000000000004774847184307873249053955078125, "description": "A reservoir appears to have been the target of an attack by supposed Muslim fundamentalists in the city of Zintan, Jabal Al Gharbi district, Libya.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201503050029" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks interrupt construction of Ilisu and Silvan dams, Turkey", "date": "2015", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 38.29140000000000298996383207850158214569091796875, "lng": 41.0191999999999978854248183779418468475341796875, "description": "At the end of 2014, work on the Ilisu Dam stops for four months after the armed wing of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) kidnaps two of the project's subcontractors. When construction resumes, the largely non-Kurdish workforce is escorted to the site by military tanks. Militants also target Diyarbakir's Silvan Dam by placing explosives on the roads leading into the site, and security threats in the region cause construction delays.", "sources": [ "Stratfor 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bombing of an oil pipeline leads to contamination of water supplies in Colombia", "date": "2015", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.787430000000000074322770160506479442119598388671875, "lng": -78.791300000000006775735528208315372467041015625, "description": "Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) rebels bomb an oil pipeline, causing it to spill 10,000 barrels of oil into the Mira River, leaving an estimated 150,000 people without drinking water. Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos declares a state of emergency in the state of Tumaco due to the spill.", "sources": [ "Presstv 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between pastoralists and farmers over water access.", "date": "2015", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.50633399999999995078070469389786012470722198486328125, "lng": 37.8395000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "Clashes continue between pastoralists and farmers over access to water and grazing lands in the face of severe drought. Water shortages have forced the herders to move to farmers' land for grazing, leading to clashes. ", "sources": [ "Langat 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cuts in water access trigger protests in Egypt", "date": "2015", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.01310000000000144382283906452357769012451171875, "lng": 31.208899999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Residents of Giza block a road to protest ongoing water cuts. Police break up the protest with tear gas.", "sources": [ "Hamama and Charbel 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosive devices discovered near water-treatment plant in Canada", "date": "2015", "country": "Canada", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 44.38940000000000196678229258395731449127197265625, "lng": -79.6902999999999934743755147792398929595947265625, "description": "Two small explosive devices are discovered near a water-treatment plant in Barrie, Canada. No one is injured and no suspects are identified in a report on the incident.", "sources": [ "Davidson 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmer kills herder's donkeys who compete for land and water in Tanzania", "date": "2015", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.9456599999999999450750465257442556321620941162109375, "lng": 34.93480000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "A Maasi herder loses their herd of donkeys when they are killed by a local farmer who sees the donkeys as competition for their land and water.", "sources": [ "DrinkLocal DrinkTap 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government water storage infrastructure is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.545500000000000540012479177676141262054443359375, "lng": 44.40870000000000317186277243308722972869873046875, "description": "A government-owned water storage unit is damaged in night-time air raids in Dhamar City District, Dhamar, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Somalia, dozens are killed in local land and water disputes", "date": "2015", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.31792999999999960181185088003985583782196044921875, "lng": 45.301299999999997680788510479032993316650390625, "description": "Dozens are killed in clan-related violence in Somalia's Hiran region. Sources say the violence is related to tensions over access to water and pasture, as well as local politics.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2015a", "Horseed Media 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iranian border guards open fire on Afghan villagers accessing river water", "date": "2015", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.8119999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "lng": 61.06649999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "description": "A dispute over the allocation and rights to water from the Hari Rud River between Afghanistan and Iran leads to at least ten deaths when Iranian border guards allegedly open fire on Afghan villagers trying to collect river water. The river provides water for agricultural production in Herat province, Afghanistan, and to the downstream Iranian city of Mashhad, Iran's second largest city.", "sources": [ "Karimi and Hulpachova 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Irrigation canals are damaged in two attacks in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.8328000000000006508571459562517702579498291015625, "lng": 43.15780000000000171667124959640204906463623046875, "description": "Two attacks spanning a week in Al-Marawi'ah District, Hudaydah, Yemen leave irrigation canals damaged.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State attacks Iraqi security forces around Euphrates River dam", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.22319999999999851070242584683001041412353515625, "lng": 43.6792999999999977944753482006490230560302734375, "description": "The Islamic State attacks Iraqi security forces and affiliated militiamen stationed around Adhaim dam on the Al Uzym River, north of Baghdad. Accounts differ as to the total number of deaths, however both sides suffer losses of life and numerous fighters are injured. ", "sources": [ "IANS 2015", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019. ID. 201501280049" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State attacks Mosul Dam on the Tigris", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.63250000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 42.81700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "An attack by Islamic State (IS) fighters on the Mosul Dam on the Tigris river leads to the death of 16 Kurdish Peshmerga soldiers. The dam provides electricity to part of the Anbar province, which was under IS's control at the time. In August 2014, the dam is seized by Kurdish and Iraqi government forces from IS, who had taken control of it weeks earlier. The 1,200 families who are said to have been operating the dam mostly fled when IS seized power in fear that the dam would be used to flood downstream communities.", "sources": [ "Al Jazeera 2015", "PakTribune 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State captures Tharthar Dam on the Tigris River", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.6798000000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": 43.4660999999999972942532622255384922027587890625, "description": "The Islamic State attacks and successfully captures Tharthar Dam near Fallujah, on the Tigris River in Anbar province, Iraq. The attack leaves 127 Iraqi soldiers dead. After capturing the dam, the fighters open at least one floodgate, affecting downstream communities.", "sources": [ "Sabah and Alwan 2015", "Alwan 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State cuts off irrigation water in Iraq", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.4343999999999965666575008071959018707275390625, "lng": 43.26530000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "Following the capture of Ramadi Dam, the Islamic State cuts water for irrigation systems and treatment plants in the predominantly Shiite downstream provinces of Babil, Karbala, Najaf and Qadisiya, threatening Iraqi food production.", "sources": [ "UN Security Council 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State shuts off water flow below Ramadi Dam", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.4343999999999965666575008071959018707275390625, "lng": 43.26530000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "In June 2015, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) militants shut off and redirect water flows below Ramadi Dam in order to facilitate military movements across the Euphrates River. As a result, communities downstream face water shortages.", "sources": [ "Alkhshali and Smith-Spark 2015", "Coles 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kosovo authorities shut off water to Pristina as preventative measure against a planned attack", "date": "2015", "country": "Kosovo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 42.6280000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 21.25319999999999964757080306299030780792236328125, "description": "A planned attack on the water supply in Pristina, Kosovo is prevented before its execution. The attack is intended to contaminate Badovac Lake, the largest water reservoir uphill of the city. As a preventative measure, Kosovo authorities temporarily shut off the water supply to tens of thousands of people in the capital after police arrest five suspects linked to Islamic State.", "sources": [ "Guardian, The 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local farmers burn a water pipe in attempt to stop groundwater pumping", "date": "2015", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -14.3561999999999994059862729045562446117401123046875, "lng": -75.6769000000000033878677641041576862335205078125, "description": "Local farmers in Peru burn a plastic water pipe in an attempt to stop groundwater pumping by a corporate agricultural company Agricola La Venta.", "sources": [ "James 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants attack water-treatment facility in Philippines", "date": "2015", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.16779999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "lng": 120.91599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "Suspected New People's Army (NPA), Philippines militants hold up a water-treatment facility claiming that it had failed to pay \"revolutionary taxes\" to the NPA. No people are harmed, but armed guards are disarmed and additional items are taken from the personnel at the facility. ", "sources": [ "Locsin 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Night air raid damages water project in Yemen", "date": "2015", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.473800000000000665068000671453773975372314453125, "lng": 43.012799999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "description": "An air raid damages a water project in Harad District, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Philippine town loses access to water after pipeline is bombed", "date": "2015", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.34740000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "lng": 121.066000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "A predominantly Muslim town in southern Philippines loses access to water after a group known as Abu Sayyaf is suspected in an explosion that damaged local water pipes. This group is said to be linked to al-Qaeda and/or at least inspired by al-Qaeda's strategy to attack water infrastructure in Iraq. The affected town is without municipal water for at least several days. In a possibly related incident a person guarding the water facility is killed.", "sources": [ "Manilia Bulletin 2015", "World Bulletin 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack of a dam blocked in Iraq", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 34.0133000000000009777068044058978557586669921875, "lng": 44.5645999999999986584953148849308490753173828125, "description": "In early January 2015 military troops in Iraq block an attack by IS militants that is attempting to destroy a dam and block a road connecting Diyala and the Shiite holy city of Sammara.", "sources": [ "Xhinua_2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A member of the Gualinga indigenous community opposing a hydroelectric project is found dead in Honduras", "date": "2015", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.0690000000000008384404281969182193279266357421875, "lng": -88.1201999999999969759301166050136089324951171875, "description": "A member of the Gualinga indigenous community, Juan Francisco Martínez, in Honduras is found dead in January 2015. He is thought to have been murdered for his opposition to a hydroelectric project on his community's territory.", "sources": [ "FIDH 2015", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent confrontation over a dam project leads to one being shot, eventually dying in Guatemala", "date": "2015", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.739699999999999135980033315718173980712890625, "lng": -91.4652999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "description": "A violent confrontation breaks out in Santa Eulalia, Guatemala, between citizens and municipal employees over a dam project. The municipal employees, which includes the mayor, shoot at the citizens who were part of a local radio station that broadcast in the Mayan Q'anjob'al language and allows people in opposition to the dam project to speak. Pascual Basilio Pascual Diego is shot and dies two months later in the hospital. ", "sources": [ "Reynolds 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Baloch Republican Army fighters in Pakistan abduct six construction workers from the Shadi Kaur Dam construction site", "date": "2015", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 25.530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 63.41629999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "description": "Baloch Republican Army fighters in Balochistan Province, Pakistan abduct six construction workers from the Shadi Kaur Dam construction site.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and land rights advocate shot and killed in the Philippines", "date": "2015", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 7.8273200000000002773958840407431125640869140625, "lng": 124.969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "Water and land rights advocate, Teresito Mula Labastilla, is shot and killed by two men on a motorcycle in Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines. Mr. Labastilla advocated for water and land rights for farmers and indigenous peoples. ", "sources": [ "Task Force Detainees of the Philippines 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Andhra Pradesh and Telangana police clash over water releases from the Nagarjuna Sagar dam on the Krishna River", "date": "2015", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.57679999999999864712663111276924610137939453125, "lng": 79.3182000000000044792614062316715717315673828125, "description": "On February 13, 2015 in India, Andhra Pradesh police clash with Telangana police over the control of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in a water-sharing dispute over the releases of the Krishna River.", "sources": [ "Times of India 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected ISIL attackers bomb the Adhaim Dam, Iraq, with at least 18 deaths reported", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.5681000000000011596057447604835033416748046875, "lng": 44.515500000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "description": "Suspected Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) suicide bombers detonate explosives-laden vehicles while other attackers open fire on Adhaim Dam, Iraq. At least 18 people (14 ISIL fighters) are killed and 23 people are injured.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Human rights and environmental defender murdered over his opposition to over-exploitation of groundwater", "date": "2015", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 28.642199999999998993871486163698136806488037109375, "lng": -106.0630000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "description": "Human rights and environmental defender, Alberto Almeida Fernandez, is murdered in a shopping center in Chihuahua, Mexico. Sr. Fernandez had opposed over exploitation of groundwater from the Flores Magon Ahumada Aquifer. Several of his legal actions to defend the aquifer had been successful in closing wells. ", "sources": [ "OAS 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Mayan community member known for protesting the K'anbalam River dam project is killed in Guatemala", "date": "2015", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.804500000000000881072992342524230480194091796875, "lng": -91.3157000000000067529981606639921665191650390625, "description": "A Mayan community member, Pascual Pablo Francisco, is found dead in March 2015 in the northern department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Sr. Francisco is known for opposing the construction of a dam on the K'anbalam River.", "sources": [ "Reynolds 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two Mayan leaders accused of sabotaging a dam company are arrested in Guatemala", "date": "2015", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.32000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -91.4711999999999960664354148320853710174560546875, "description": "In March 2015, two Mayan leaders from Huehuetenango, Guatemala accused of sabotaging a dam company by damaging equipment and other property are arrested without a warrant. Their lawyer is allegedly beat by police after demanding a warrant.", "sources": [ "Reynolds 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two Guatemalans fighting against the Hidro Santa Cruz dam project are killed", "date": "2015", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.8078000000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "lng": -91.315100000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "description": "Two Guatemalan men, Cano Mateo Mateo and Alfredo Felipe Ramos, are killed in spring of 2015. They were members of a group that was actively involved in stopping the Hidro Santa Cruz Dam in Guatemala.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Baloch Liberation Front fighters kill 20 working on Sohrab Dam in retaliation for military operations conducted in the area", "date": "2015", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 25.934000000000001051603248924948275089263916015625, "lng": 62.6957000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "description": "Baloch Liberation Front (BLF) fighters shoot at construction laborers working on the Sohrab Dam, Balochistan, Pakistan, killing 20. The BLF stated that the attack was retaliation for military operations conducted in the area.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Citizen activist working to protect community control over water wells is murdered in Mexico", "date": "2015", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 19.776599999999998402699930011294782161712646484375, "lng": -99.2104000000000070258465711958706378936767578125, "description": "A citizen activist, Jose Isabel Cervantes Angeles, organizing on behalf of maintaining community control over water wells, is found dead inside of one of the wells in Coyotepec, Mexico, on April 18, 2015.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Second member of the Gualinga indigenous community opposing a hydroelectric dam is found murdered in Honduras", "date": "2015", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.1762999999999994571453498792834579944610595703125, "lng": -88.1169000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "A member of the Gualinga indigenous community in Honduras, Silvestre Manueles Gomez, is brutally murdered in May 2015 near the border of the department of Intaibuca and La Paz. In this region there is a conflict between the owners of a hydroelectric company and the Indigenous community who oppose the dam because they say the permitting process violated their rights by failing to consult them. He is the second member of the Gualinga to be murdered in Honduras in 2015.", "sources": [ "FIDH 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two demonstrators protesting a dam in Brazil are killed by a car that is driven into the group of protestors", "date": "2015", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -2.88558000000000003382183422218076884746551513671875, "lng": -52.0125000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Anti-dam demonstrators, Daniel Vilanova Dias and Leidiane Drosdroski Machado, are struck and killed by a car driven at a group of protestors protesting the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant in Vitoria do Xingu, Brazil. Another person is also injured by the same car.", "sources": [ "Comissão Pastoral da Terra 2015", "Global Witness 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Kurdistan Workers' Party fighters set fire to construction equipment at the Kocali Dam, Turkey, construction site", "date": "2015", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.92399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 38.2586000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "description": "Suspected Kurdistan Workers' Party fighters set fire to construction equipment at the Kocali Dam, Turkey, construction site.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected ISIL attackers bomb the Haditha Dam, Iraq, killing at least 33", "date": "2015", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.20989999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "lng": 42.35810000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "description": "Suspected Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) suicide bombers detonate explosives-laden vehicles at the Haditha Dam, Iraq. At least 10 security force members and 23 attackers are killed; 16 security force members are injured.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A leader of a Honduran indigenous organization opposed to the Agua Zarca Dam is killed; his son is also nearly killed", "date": "2014", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.3194999999999996731503415503539144992828369140625, "lng": -88.1634999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "description": "In July 2014, a leader of COPINH (Consejo Civico de Organizaciones Populares e Indigenas de Honduras), Tomas Garcia, and his son are attacked, killing Sr. Garcia and nearly killing his son. COPINH is an Indigenous organization that has been organizing people to oppose the Agua Zarca Dam in Honduras.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Solidarity Collective 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian rebel groups cut off water supply to Damascus", "date": "2015", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.6169000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "lng": 36.1775999999999982037479639984667301177978515625, "description": "In August 2015, Syrian rebel groups cut off water from a spring in Ain al-Fijah, reducing water output to Damascus by 90 percent for three days and leading to water shortages and rationing. Rebels continue to periodically shut off the supply from the spring, resulting in water shortages in Ain al-Fijah and Damascus. Rebels threaten to blow up the spring if government forces enter the region.", "sources": [ "Reznick 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Spiritual leader opposing construction of dams in Guatemala is murdered one day after a court victory for indigenous people", "date": "2015", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.407000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -91.1474999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "A 70 year old Mayan spiritual leader known for supporting efforts to legally suspend the license for the construction of the Vega I and Vega II dams in Ixil territory, Guatemala, is murdered one day after the courts rule in favor of the indigenous groups. The courts found that the company that was issued the permits for the project had failed to consult the indigenous communities, making the permits invalid.", "sources": [ "Abbott 2015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous movement leader of the Gualinga community opposing a dam project in Honduras is murdered -- the third in 2015", "date": "2015", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.0690000000000008384404281969182193279266357421875, "lng": -88.1201999999999969759301166050136089324951171875, "description": "The body of indigenous movement leader in Honduras, Javier Vasquez Benitez, is found near his home. He is the third member of the Gualinga community to be murdered in 2015. He was a member of the Movimiento Indígena Independiente Lenca de la Paz - Honduras (MILPAH) and had been organizing the communitiy in opposition to a dam in their territory.", "sources": [ "FIDH 2015", "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A local environmental leader and mayor of Yagen, Peru is killed after protest over the Chadin II dam project", "date": "2015", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -6.86629000000000022652102416031993925571441650390625, "lng": -78.1477000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "description": "In Yagen, Peru, Hitler Rojas Gonzalez is shot and killed while walking home from a protest against the Chadin II Dam project. Rojas is the elected mayor of the town and local leader of environmental and social causes.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community anti-dam activist shot and killed in Guatemala", "date": "2015", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.8211999999999992638777257525362074375152587890625, "lng": -89.3890999999999991132426657713949680328369140625, "description": "In Jocotan, Guatemala, Dona Rosalinda Perez is shot and killed after five men enter her store. Dona Perez was known for community organizing against the Trest Marias Dam.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Public officials taken hostage after an oil spill polluted local waters", "date": "2016", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -8.754889999999999616875356878153979778289794921875, "lng": -75.0912000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "description": "An indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon takes at least eight public officials hostage after an oil spill pollutes local water and lands. The Wampis community of Mayuriaga seizes a military helicopter and holds crew members and public officials in concern over inadequate emergency response plans.", "sources": [ "Taj 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pumping station is attacked in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, interrupting the water supply for 1.5 million people", "date": "2016", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.1698999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "lng": 38.01530000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "A pumping station that is part of the Yuzhnodonbasskaya water pipeline is attacked. This pumping station provides water to 1.5 million people in the Donbas region, Ukraine.", "sources": [ "Strategic Foresight Group 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rioting and looting over energy and water cuts in Venezuela", "date": "2016", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 7.05123999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "lng": -65.8370000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "Rioting and looting in Venezuela over energy and water cuts leaves fifteen people injured, as severe drought effects on hydropower generation worsen energy availability and economic disruptions. President Maduro blames the crisis on the fall in global oil prices, a drought that has affected hydroelectric power generation, and political factors.", "sources": [ "Polaco 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riots over water in Bangalore, India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.0051000000000005485389920067973434925079345703125, "lng": 77.6169000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "At least two people die and others are injured in riots over water in Bangalore, India in the state of Karnataka. The unrest starts when the Indian Supreme Court orders Karnataka to release water from dams on the Kaveri river to neighboring Tamil Nadu. Over 400 people were arrested.", "sources": [ "Mortimer 2016, Gowen 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Scarce water supplies in drought regions of India spark violence", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.8759000000000014551915228366851806640625, "lng": 85.546099999999995588950696401298046112060546875, "description": "Scarce water supplies in drought-hit regions of India spark violence. As northern and central India suffer thorough severe drought and heat, police in Bundelkhand and several other regions including Tikamgarh are reporting a rise in violent, often deadly clashes over water. Indian police report that the fighting is getting more frequent and bloody, with numerous injuries and deaths reported.", "sources": [ "Niazi 2016a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several water pumps are hit by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.4414000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": 43.4645000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "Several water pumps are hit during two air raids in Baqim District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soqam dam damaged during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4503000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 45.01979999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "description": "The Soqam dam in Sirwah District, Marib, Yemen, is damaged during air raids.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Stand-off over water rights and use resulting in death", "date": "2016", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 43.2665999999999968395059113390743732452392578125, "lng": -118.844999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "In a standoff over water rights and land use, armed ranchers occupy a federal wildlife refuge in a protest that ends with one death and several arrests.", "sources": [ "Wiles 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Threats to cut off supply of water in northwestern Tunisia", "date": "2016", "country": "Tunisia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.88889999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "lng": 8.628949999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "description": "Residents of Fernana in northwestern Tunisia threaten to cut off the supply of water delivered by a pumping station to the capital, Tunis. They are protesting economic conditions and repeated water cuts that have sparked anger and protests among the local population. At least one death is reported. Water shortages are experienced in Sousse, Nabeul, Sfax, Kef, Siliana, Beja, Sidi Bouzid, Ben Arous, Medenine and Tataouine. Given the increasing number of protests, the Tunisian citizen's water observatory, Watchwater, warns against a possible \"thirst uprising.\"", "sources": [ "Massy 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three water trucks struck in air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.9503000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 43.438299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "description": "Three water trucks are struck in air raids in Al-Mahabishah District, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two dams are hit by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3622999999999994003019310184754431247711181640625, "lng": 44.1803000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "The Al-Hayathim dam and the Mahalli dam were both struck during air raids in Nihm District, Sanaa, Yemen in early December.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two desalination plants are hit by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.410399999999999209876477834768593311309814453125, "lng": 43.62250000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Air raids damage two desalination plants in Al Mokha and At Ta'iziyah Districts, Taizz, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water barrier is damaged by air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.1489999999999991331378623726777732372283935546875, "lng": 44.8506000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "A water barrier is damaged by an air raid in Al-Qubaytah District, Lahj, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller is damaged by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3694000000000006167510946397669613361358642578125, "lng": 44.191000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "A water driller is damaged by ongoing air raids in Arhab District, Sanaa, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller is damaged in air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4503000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 45.01979999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "description": "An air raid causes damage to a water driller in Sirwah District, Marib, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller is damaged over the course of four air raids", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.1181000000000000937916411203332245349884033203125, "lng": 48.1942999999999983629095368087291717529296875, "description": "Four air raids cause damage to a water driller in Al-Safra'a District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water factory is struck during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.4276999999999997470467860694043338298797607421875, "lng": 46.15149999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "The Al-Qis water factory is struck during two air raids in, Al-Hawta District, Lahj, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline is bombed in Turkey", "date": "2016", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.41510000000000246700437855906784534454345703125, "lng": 41.37339999999999662350091966800391674041748046875, "description": "A water pipeline is the target of an explosive device in Mardin, Turkey. ", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201604170038" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline is damaged in Pakistan", "date": "2016", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.035199999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 69.1595999999999975216269376687705516815185546875, "description": "A water pipeline is damaged from explosions when it is misidentified as a gas pipeline, disrupting the water supply to a nearby village. ", "sources": [ "Nation 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project is attacked during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water project is struck during an air raid in Kitaf Wa Al-Boqe'e District, Saada, Yemen.\n", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pump is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water pump in Kitaf Wa Al-Boqe'e District, Sa'ada, Yemen, is damaged in the ongoing sub-national conflict.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pumping plant attacked in Syria", "date": "2016", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.329700000000002546585164964199066162109375, "lng": 40.13499999999999801048033987171947956085205078125, "description": "A water pumping station is attacked by the Islamic State (IS) in Deir ez-Zor, Syria as part of numerous attacks that leave hundreds of people dead, including Syrian soldiers, IS militia, and civilians.", "sources": [ "Latin American Herald Tribune (LAHT) 2016", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 201" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortage led to clashes between two groups in the parched Sehore district, India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.20439999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": 77.086399999999997589839040301740169525146484375, "description": "Water shortage led to clashes between two groups in the parched Sehore district, India leaving 7 people injured and one critical.", "sources": [ "Times of India 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water stations are hit during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3694000000000006167510946397669613361358642578125, "lng": 44.191000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "Water stations hit during air raids in Bila Al-Rus District, Sanaa, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank and pump are damaged by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.77629999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 43.43319999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "A water tank and pump are damaged by air raids in Al-Safra'a and Haydan Districts, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is damaged in air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.702999999999999403144101961515843868255615234375, "lng": 43.60390000000000298996383207850158214569091796875, "description": "A water tank is damaged in an air raid in Abs District, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4687999999999998834709913353435695171356201171875, "lng": 43.546300000000002228262019343674182891845703125, "description": "A water tank in Bani Sa'ad District, Al Mahwit, Yemen is damaged by the ongoing conflict.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is hit during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.321999999999999175770426518283784389495849609375, "lng": 44.2075999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "description": "A water tank is hit by air raids in Al-Sab'ein District, Capital, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is hit during three air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4687999999999998834709913353435695171356201171875, "lng": 43.546300000000002228262019343674182891845703125, "description": "A water tank is hit during three air raids in Al-Mahwit District, Al Mahwit, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tanks are hit in air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.0787999999999993150368027272634208202362060546875, "lng": 44.016199999999997771737980656325817108154296875, "description": "Water tanks are hit during air raids in Khadir and Al-Mawasit Districts, Taizz, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well is damaged by air raid", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3694000000000006167510946397669613361358642578125, "lng": 44.191000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "In Nihm District, Sanaa, a water well is damaged by an air raid in the ongoing conflict in Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well is damaged by air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3694000000000006167510946397669613361358642578125, "lng": 44.191000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "A water well is damaged in Bilad Al-Rus District, Sanaa, Yemen by an air raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well is hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.754599999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 46.516300000000001091393642127513885498046875, "description": "A water well is hit during an air raid in Asilan District, Shabwa, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water wells attacked in Somalia", "date": "2016", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.32101000000000023959501049830578267574310302734375, "lng": 45.29939999999999855617716093547642230987548828125, "description": "Two wells are attacked by militia thought to be part of Al-Shaabab.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201605140030" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Well is damaged by air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.256900000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water well is damaged in Harf Sufyan District, Amran, Yemen, by an air raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "18 killed and 200 injured after reopening of the Munak canal, India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 29.5384999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "lng": 76.8464000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "At least 18 people are killed and 200 injured after the Indian Army intervenes to reopen the Munak canal, which supplies New Delhi with three-fifths of its freshwater supply. The canal is shut down by economic protests in Harayana state. Sabotage of the canal left more than 10 million people in India's capital, Delhi, without water.", "sources": [ "Sethi 2016", "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A severe drought sparked \"water riots\" in Northern KwaZulu-Natal ", "date": "2016", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -28.274699999999999278088580467738211154937744140625, "lng": 30.409300000000001773514668457210063934326171875, "description": "A severe drought in Northern KwaZulu-Natal sparks 'water riots' in the town of Jozini over access to water and in opposition to the installation of water meters. Violence erupts after a community protest, leading to the arrest of 23 people.", "sources": [ "Stolley 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank project is hit in air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3364999999999991331378623726777732372283935546875, "lng": 45.160899999999998044586391188204288482666015625, "description": "A water tank project and a water tank are hit during air raids in Harib and Sirwah Districts, Marib, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raids damage water project in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.00450000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 43.19919999999999760120772407390177249908447265625, "description": "An air raid causes damage to a water project in Razih District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raids damage wells in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4503000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 45.01979999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "description": "Five air raids leave wells damaged in Sirwah District, Marib, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al-Awadh dam is damaged in air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.422000000000000596855898038484156131744384765625, "lng": 45.261899999999997135091689415276050567626953125, "description": "The Al-Awadh dam is damaged in an air raid in Radman District, Bayda, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed guards clash with farmers over drought-struck region of Bundelkhand, India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.8763000000000005229594535194337368011474609375, "lng": 85.545199999999994133759173564612865447998046875, "description": "Armed guards and farmers clash over access to water from Jamunia River at the Bari Ghat Dam in the drought-struck region of Bundelkhand, India", "sources": [ "Das 2016, Niazi 2016b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack by the Islamic State on Tishreen Dam on the Euphrates River", "date": "2016", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.38080000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "lng": 38.1786000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "description": "Islamic State (IS) militants attack the Tishrin Dam on the Euphrates River in Syria. The attack is repelled with airstrikes. The following day a similar attack occurs during which at least 14 IS militants are killed.", "sources": [ "Lambert 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on a local dam in India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.824600000000000221689333557151257991790771484375, "lng": 94.1423999999999949750417727045714855194091796875, "description": "A group of heavily armed militants fire blank rounds of bullets at a dam, creating panic among the locals. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Nath 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bombs detonated at hydroelectric power plant in East Java", "date": "2016", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -8.095459999999999212150214589200913906097412109375, "lng": 112.16100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "description": "Several explosive devices detonate at a hydroelectric power plant in Biltar, East Java, Indonesia.", "sources": [ "Jakarta Globe 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Colleague of Berta Cáceres, Lesbia Janeth, is also murdered for opposing the same dam", "date": "2016", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.1561000000000003495870259939692914485931396484375, "lng": -88.0362999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "description": "Four months after internationally known Honduran environmental activist Berta Cáceres is murdered, a second woman and environmental activist from the same organization is also murdered in Honduras. The second murdered woman, Lesbia Janeth, was working to stop the construction of a dam in La Paz, Honduras.", "sources": [ "Agren 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dam and water driller are damaged by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3622999999999994003019310184754431247711181640625, "lng": 44.1803000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "The Al-Aqran dam and a water driller are hit during ongoing air raids in Nihm District, Sanaa, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Desalination company is hit by air raid in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.320299999999999585043042316101491451263427734375, "lng": 43.24730000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "An early morning air raid causes damage to a desalination company in Al Mokha District, Taizz, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Desalination plant is hit by air raids in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.320299999999999585043042316101491451263427734375, "lng": 43.24730000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "A desalination plant is hit during multiple air raids in Al Mokha District, Taizz, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Disruption of electrical system cuts power to water supply in Damascus, Syria", "date": "2016", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.51380000000000336513039655983448028564453125, "lng": 36.27649999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Attacks on Syrian electricity transmission stations cut power needed for water pumping to the eastern and western parts of Damascus. Authorities temporarily restore power five days later, but new fighting again cuts water to the city.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental activist with international recognition killed in Honduras", "date": "2016", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.3208000000000001961097950697876513004302978515625, "lng": -86.25360000000000582076609134674072265625, "description": "In 2016, Berta Cáceres -- a prize winning activist working to stop development of the internationally funded Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam on the Gualcarque river -- is murdered after years of death threats and state persecution linked to her campaign. In recent years hundreds of environmental activists have been killed in Latin America, including two of Sra. Cáceres colleagues.", "sources": [ "Watts 2016, Lakhani 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Up to 4 million in Damascus lose water after attacks on Wadi Barada and Ain al-Fija springs, which serve 70% of the city", "date": "2016-2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.62559999999999860165189602412283420562744140625, "lng": 36.10770000000000123918653116561472415924072265625, "description": "Up to four million people in Damascus, Syria suffer a loss of water services after springs outside the city are attacked. Water from the Wadi Barada and Ain al-Fija springs, which serve 70 percent of the Syrian capital, is cut off when water infrastructure is deliberately targeted.", "sources": [ "Hubbard 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Guard at water well in the Sudan is attacked", "date": "2016", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.86280000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 30.217600000000000903810359886847436428070068359375, "description": "A guard at water wells in the Um Burma area, Sudan is attacked and severely injured by paramilitaries.", "sources": [ "Dabanga 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Intentional attacks on water infrastructure in Syria", "date": "2016", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 35.02850000000000108002495835535228252410888671875, "lng": 38.57209999999999894271240918897092342376708984375, "description": "Control over power and water infrastructure and intentional attacks on that infrastructure are being used as weapons in the civil war in Syria. Officials estimate there has been a 50 percent reduction in access to safe water in the country since the war began.", "sources": [ "Vidal 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State fighters destroy pipeline that provides water for eastern Mosul, Iraq", "date": "2016", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 36.35979999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 43.16470000000000339923644787631928920745849609375, "description": "Islamic State fighters cut electricity to pumping stations and destroy a pipeline that provides water for eastern Mosul, Iraq, leaving more than half a million people without water. The group has intentionally cut off water supplies to various neighborhoods, according to a Mosul City Council official responsible for supervising the city's water and energy services.", "sources": [ "Tawfeeq and Abdelaziz 2016, Laessing 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State militants raid Great Manmade River Project pumping station, Libya", "date": "2016", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.189699999999998425437297555617988109588623046875, "lng": 16.5701999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "Around 60 Islamic State militants raid the Great Manmade River (GMR) project station in Ash Shwayrif, southwest of Sirte. This system provides water to the Libyan Sahara and the northern cities of Benghazi, Sirte, and Tripoli.", "sources": [ "UN Security Council 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Main water tank is damaged in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.577600000000000335376171278767287731170654296875, "lng": 44.01780000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "description": "In Hayfan District, Taizz, a communities main water tank is damaged in the ongoing conflict in Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Massive opposition to project that threatens Indian heritage and water supplies", "date": "2016", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 46.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "lng": -100.6110000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "description": "Hundreds of people are injured and arrested at protests over the construction of a major oil pipeline that threatens water quality on and near Native American lands. Massive opposition to the project developed in 2016 when the planned route reached the site of a Native American tribe called the Standing Rock Sioux, who say the plans threaten their heritage and local water supplies.", "sources": [ "TheJournalie 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Millions of people in Yemen deprived of access to clean water", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.7858000000000000540012479177676141262054443359375, "lng": 47.22760000000000246700437855906784534454345703125, "description": "Attacks on water and power infrastructure throughout Yemen deprive nearly 20 million people of reliable access to clean water.", "sources": [ "Ghobari and Browning 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple attacks damage water tanks in Yemen", "date": "2016", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3736999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "lng": 42.5634000000000014551915228366851806640625, "description": "Water tanks are damaged over the course of several days in Kamaran District, Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Oil pipelines are destroyed and used to contaminate the Tigris River and water supplies for downstream communities", "date": "2016", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 34.92920000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 43.49380000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "description": "In 2016, explosives are placed around the Baiji oil refinery north of Baghdad. Armed groups break the main pipelines to the refinery and divert the outflow to the Tigris River flowing towards Baghdad. Six downstream areas, including Baghdad, are affected by the oil pollution, leading to a shutdown of water supplies in those regions.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Opposition leader killed in South Africa after opposing threats to land and water", "date": "2016", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -29.9969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 22.7957999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Environmental activist and opposition leader Sikhosiphi Radebe in South Africa is murdered after opposing industrial mining development that threatened community water and land.", "sources": [ "Schneider 2016b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests against the building of dams on the Brahmaputra River in India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.384699999999998709654391859658062458038330078125, "lng": 95.1256000000000057070792536251246929168701171875, "description": "Protests against the building of dams on the Brahmaputra River in India's Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh turns violent, leading to two deaths and additional injuries. Both China and India have put forward plans for nearly 150 dams in the region, with major local opposition.", "sources": [ "Third Pole, The 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Municipal water infrastructure is attacked in South Africa in a corruption scheme to obtain contracts", "date": "2016", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -28.514399999999998414068613783456385135650634765625, "lng": 30.800399999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "description": "In January 2016, Delangokubona \"business forum\" members, described as part of South Africa's \"water mafia,\" lay siege to municipal infrastructure in KwaZulu-Natal threatening to kill stormwater teams and destroy infrastructure in an effort to get tenders without a bidding process.", "sources": [ "Water Integrity Network/Corruption Watch 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Grassroots leader of efforts to stop hydroelectric projects in Brazil goes missing and is then found dead in a reservoir", "date": "2016", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -9.2611200000000000187583282240666449069976806640625, "lng": -64.6400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "A leader of the Movement of People Affected by Dams, Nilce de Souza Magalhaes, goes missing in January 2016 and is found dead six months later in the Jirau Dam reservoir. She had criticized Sustainable Energy Brazil, the organization leading a dam hydroelectric plant.", "sources": [ "Brasil de Fato 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Baloch Republican or Liberation Army fighters abduct and kill two laborers working at the Shadi Kaur Dam, Pakistan", "date": "2016", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 25.5304000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": 63.41629999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "description": "Baloch Republican or Liberation Army fighters abduct and kill two laborers working at the Shadi Kaur Dam, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nelson Garcia, environmental activist in Honduras working to protect land and water rights, is assassinated", "date": "2016", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.0528999999999992809307514107786118984222412109375, "lng": -87.9893000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "Nelson Garcia, an enviornmental activist working in Honduras to protect land and water was assassinated by unidentified gunmen. He was a member of Berta Caceres's indigenous group COPINH. She was murdered in 2015 as well for her opposition to the Agua Zarca Dam.", "sources": [ "Garcia 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A community leader representing families displaced by dam project killed in Sinaloa, Mexico", "date": "2016", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 25.15990000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "lng": -107.6449999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "description": "In Sinaloa, Mexico, Atilano Roman Tirado is shot and killed while hosting a local radio show. Mr. Tirado was a leader of the approximately 800 families that were displaced by the Picachos dam and were asking the Mexican government for compensation.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people killed and many injured protesting arrest of anti-dam activist in India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 27.584800000000001318767317570745944976806640625, "lng": 91.861099999999993315213941968977451324462890625, "description": "On May 2, 2016 in India, two people, Tsering Tempa and Nyima Wangdi, are shot and killed by police while protesting the arrest of the anti-dam activist, Lama Lobsany Gyatso. Others at the protest are injured.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An unidentified group conducts an armed assault and attack on the Yasmak Dam construction site, Gumushane, Turkey", "date": "2016", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.69850000000000278532752417959272861480712890625, "lng": 38.923900000000003274180926382541656494140625, "description": "An unidentified group assaults the Yasmak Dam construction site in Gumushane, Turkey with rifles and shotguns.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on energy and water systems in Aleppo, Syria cut off water to two million residents", "date": "2016", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.202100000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "lng": 37.13430000000000319460013997741043567657470703125, "description": "Two million people lack water supply in Aleppo, Syria after attacks on energy and water infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Domonoske 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous activist opposing a dam project is found dead in a suspicious suicide in Chile", "date": "2016", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -39.64150000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "lng": -72.33719999999999572537490166723728179931640625, "description": "An Indigenous activist, Macarena Valdes, is found dead in her home in Chile in an apparent suicide on August 2016. However, Valdes and her husband had been actively campaigning against the construction of a dam, including organizing blockades of the project. In 2018, prosecutors were foced to repoen the case when her family found a police report that implicated involvement of a man in her death.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "WCH 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Kuki National Front fighters fire blank bullets at the Lamlai Khullen-Maphou Dam, India", "date": "2016", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.824799999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "lng": 94.1423999999999949750417727045714855194091796875, "description": "Suspected Kuki National Front fighters fired blank bullets at the Lamlai Khullen-Maphou Dam, India during an armed assault in an attempt to incite panic.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents and police clash over lack of access to water in South Africa", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -24.820499999999999118927007657475769519805908203125, "lng": 31.17099999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "Residents of Bushbuckridge, Ehlanzeni, Mpumalanga, South Africa, who claim to have asked for water for three years, stage a protest, including burning tires. Police respond to the protest, firing rubber bullets.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 302922" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in a violent protest over water shortages in South Africa", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -28.560800000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "lng": 30.435800000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "description": "Residents of Msinga, Umzinyathi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, protesting against water shortages, block roads, target vehicles with stones, loot shops, and shoot at police.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 302809" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents of Babar, Algeria protest lack of water and sanitation infrastructure", "date": "2017", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.16879999999999739657141617499291896820068359375, "lng": 7.10095000000000009521272659185342490673065185546875, "description": "Residents of Babar, Khenchela, Algeria demonstrate to demand improvement of sanitation and drinking water infrastructure. The demonstrations include blocking roads with burning tires. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 183684" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Road is blocked during protests over lack of access to water in Algeria", "date": "2017", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.52329999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "lng": 6.3172899999999998499333742074668407440185546875, "description": "Citizens of Grarem Gouga, Mila, Algeria block a road with barricades to demand more water supply, in protest of only receiving water every 15 days.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 183673" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Taliban militants blow up irrigation dam in Afghanistan", "date": "2017", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.24380000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": 66.04640000000000554791768081486225128173828125, "description": "Suspected Taliban militants blow up a dam storing water for irrigation in Shorabak, Kandahar, Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 359877" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian forces regain control from the Islamic State over water treatment and pumping plants", "date": "2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.2308000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "lng": 38.01820000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "description": "Syrian governmental forces and their allies regain control from the Islamic State of the water treatment and pumping plants for the strategic town of al Khafsa on the Euphrates River.", "sources": [ "TRT World 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three Jordanian water authority employees are attacked in conflict over water well", "date": "2017", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.56089999999999662350091966800391674041748046875, "lng": 36.00869999999999748752088635228574275970458984375, "description": "Three employees of a water authority agency in Ar Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan are shot at and assaulted during their attempt to prevent the drilling of a water well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 340823" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two communities clash over water, leaving one dead", "date": "2017", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.02649999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "lng": -96.0758000000000009777068044058978557586669921875, "description": "A fight over water resources erupts in Oaxaca, Mexico, on May 17 between neighboring community members, leaving one dead, several injured, and numerous houses destroyed. The conflict began due to a disagreement between two communities, Ayutla and Tamazulápam del Espíritu Santo, around which one has the right to a spring that provides potable water supplies.", "sources": [ "Mexico News Daily 2018", "Demby 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people killed in fight over control of water well, Somalia", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.78727000000000035839775591739453375339508056640625, "lng": 47.439199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "Two people are killed when local clans fight over control of a water point in Galkayo, Mudug, Somalia. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 292212" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US coalition against the Islamic State damages main pipeline to Raqqa", "date": "2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.190100000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "lng": 39.20020000000000237605490838177502155303955078125, "description": "The U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State damages the main pipeline supplying water to Raqqa. The official Syrian Arab News Agency says the pipeline was damaged in an airstrike.", "sources": [ "Onyanga-Omara 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence between herdsmen and farmers in Sudan over access to water and pasture", "date": "2017", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.77132000000000022765789253753609955310821533203125, "lng": 33.59239999999999781721271574497222900390625, "description": "Local militia allegedly supported by the Sudan People's Liberation Army attack Kenyan herdsmen who crossed the border in search of water and pasture for their cattle.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 307066" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence erupts during protests over lack of clean water in South Africa", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -30.362100000000001642774805077351629734039306640625, "lng": 28.80140000000000100044417195022106170654296875, "description": "Residents protesting road conditions and lack of clean water are dispersed by police with teargas in Matatiele, Alfred Nzo, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The protest tactics were reported to include blocking roads with burning tires and large boulders. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 303159" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clashes between youth and police over water and power cuts in Guinea", "date": "2017", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.101800000000000778754838393069803714752197265625, "lng": -13.786899999999999266719896695576608180999755859375, "description": "Violent clashes break out between youth and police, causing injuries on both sides, including reports of two youths sustaining injuries from gunfire. The youth are protesting against power and water cuts in Sangarédi, Boke, Guinea. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 228204" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clashes in South Sudan lead to 10 dead, many wounded, and destruction of a water point", "date": "2017", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 9.2801500000000007872813512221910059452056884765625, "lng": 29.78020000000000067075234255753457546234130859375, "description": "Violent clashes between government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition (SPLA-IO) cause the destruction of a water point and leave a reported 10 people dead and 16 more wounded in Wichok, Rubkona, Unity, South Sudan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 307870" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and electrical systems in Yemen are attacked", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.320100000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": 44.30709999999999837427822058089077472686767578125, "description": "Airstrikes by coalition forces hit water and electricity systems in Sahar, Sadah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 345859" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and electrical systems in Yemen are attacked by coalition forces, killing two", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.6669000000000000483169060316868126392364501953125, "lng": 43.68310000000000314912540488876402378082275390625, "description": "Two civilians in Maqbanah, Taiz, Yemen, are killed from airstrikes by coalition forces targeting water and electricity systems. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 344760" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and land disputes between farmers and pastoralists leave one dead in Kenya", "date": "2017", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.22445999999999999285904550561099313199520111083984375, "lng": 37.594999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "One person is shot and killed after violence erupts between the farmer and herder communities in Kenya where water and land disputes are a driver of conflict.", "sources": [ "Murithi 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and sewage treatment plants are attacked during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.123799999999999243982529151253402233123779296875, "lng": 43.13020000000000209183781407773494720458984375, "description": "Two water and sewage treatment plants in Hudaydah, Yemen are hit during air raids in Bajil and Al-Hawk Districts.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water drill is hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water drill is hit during an air raid in Al-Safra'a District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water for the Bari community, Somalia is cut off", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.4719999999999995310417943983338773250579833984375, "lng": 49.87389999999999901092451182194054126739501953125, "description": "Water for the Bari community in Somalia is cut off during a violent confrontation between militants that reportedly support Islamic State and Puntland security forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 291306" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project is bombed during air raid", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water project is bombed during an air raid in Sihar District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project is hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.02420000000000044337866711430251598358154296875, "lng": 43.8162999999999982492226990871131420135498046875, "description": "A water project is hit during an air raid in Hamdan District, Sanaa, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pumps destroyed in conflict over access to water in Mali", "date": "2017", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.9054000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": -4.55599000000000042831516111618839204311370849609375, "description": "People identified as militants destroy several water pumps and a number of fields and seize cattle in Kewa, Djenne, Mopti, Mali.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 247138" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tankers are destroyed in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.5526999999999997470467860694043338298797607421875, "lng": 48.51639999999999730562194599770009517669677734375, "description": "Al-Qaeda affiliated militants are reported to destroy multiple water tankers that belonged to Houthis militants and the Yemeni Army in Wald Rabi, Al Bayda, and Lawdar, Abyan, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 347234, 347354" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck is damaged by air raid in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.80969999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "lng": 43.24730000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "A water truck is damaged by an air raid in Al-Khawkhah District, Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck is hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.256900000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water truck is hit during an air raid in Harf Sufyan District, Amran, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck near a market is hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.246500000000001051603248924948275089263916015625, "lng": 42.99759999999999848796505830250680446624755859375, "description": "A water truck is hit during an air raid near Hayran market, Hayran District, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well and desalination plant are hit during air raids", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.320299999999999585043042316101491451263427734375, "lng": 43.24730000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "A water well and a desalination plant in Al Mokha District, Taizz, Yemen are hit during air raids.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well attacked in Yemen during air raids", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.2612000000000005428546501207165420055389404296875, "lng": 43.50030000000000285353962681256234645843505859375, "description": "A water well is hit during air raids in Mawza District, Taizz, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well is poisoned in Somalia, killing more than 30 people", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 3.114050000000000206767936106189154088497161865234375, "lng": 43.6518999999999977035258780233561992645263671875, "description": "Thirty-two people are reported killed and many others sickened from a poisoned water well in Masuubiye, Baidoa, Somalia. It is suspected that the well was poisoned by al Shabaab, a militant group affiliated with Al-Qaeda, in an attempt to prevent government soldiers from drinking the water.", "sources": [ "Ikeji 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Well is hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.6669000000000000483169060316868126392364501953125, "lng": 43.68310000000000314912540488876402378082275390625, "description": "The Al-Naysani well in Maqbanah District, Taizz, Yemen is hit during an air raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A locally organized blockade in protest of a dam project polluting a river is repeatedly attacked", "date": "2017-2018", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.5981000000000005201172825763933360576629638671875, "lng": -87.6102000000000060708771343342959880828857421875, "description": "Community members from Pajuiles, Honduras organize a blockade in protest of a dam project that is causing their local river to be polluted. People at the blockade are attacked several times over the course of a year with tear gas and other acts of physical violence. Some of the organizers are arrested and charged with usurpation and coercion. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Lakhani 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pro-government snipers are reported to shoot at people trying to reach a spring in the besieged town Madaya, Syria", "date": "2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.701999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "lng": 36.10929999999999751025825389660894870758056640625, "description": "Pro-government snipers are reported to shoot at people coming from the besieged town Madaya, Syria who were trying to reach the spring in Bqine.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "11 injured in clashes in Sudan between farmers and herdsmen over access to water", "date": "2017", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.1989999999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "lng": 29.417899999999999494093572138808667659759521484375, "description": "Eleven people are injured after clashes between herdsmen over a water point in South Kordofan, Sudan. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 318310" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "38 killed; 30 injured in fighting over access to water and land in South Sudan", "date": "2017", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.5324000000000008725464795134030282497406005859375, "lng": 28.09909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "According to a report, 38 people are killed and another 30 are injured in fighting between two local clans over water points, grazing land, and border areas, in Gogrial West, Warrap, South Sudan.", "sources": [ "AAP 2017", "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 307554" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A bomb planted at water, oil, and gas pipelines explodes in Iraq", "date": "2017", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 44.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "One of four bombs planted near water, gas, and oil pipelines explodes, injuring a policeman in Dibis, Kirkuk, Iraq. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 351470" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raid damages water well in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3622999999999994003019310184754431247711181640625, "lng": 44.1803000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "An air raid damages a water well in Nihm District, Sanaa, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike by coalition forces hits water and electric systems in Hajjah, Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.000099999999999766941982670687139034271240234375, "lng": 43.189199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "An airstrike by coalition forces hits water and electricity stations in Abs, Hajjah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 349742" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike by coalition forces hits water and electric systems in Sanaa, Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3694000000000006167510946397669613361358642578125, "lng": 44.191000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "An airstrike by coalition forces hits water and electricity stations in Al Kaniq, Hamdan, Sanaa, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 348879" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrikes in Jahran, Dhamar, Yemen hit water systems", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.7601999999999993207211446133442223072052001953125, "lng": 44.304699999999996862243278883397579193115234375, "description": "Airstrikes in Jahran, Dhamar, Yemen by coalition forces hit water and electricity systems.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 345190" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrikes in Yemen destroy water and electrical systems", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.9421999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 43.412700000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "description": "Airstrikes by coalition forces over a few days hit water and electricity systems in Sanaa and Taiz, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 343986 & 344105" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrikes, shelling and sniper attacks damage water structures in Al Mohka, Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.3207000000000004291678123991005122661590576171875, "lng": 43.24799999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "description": "Fighting in Yemen has damaged water infrastructure in several cities. Airstrikes, shelling, and sniper attacks in and around the town of Al Mokha have killed and injured scores of civilians and halted most services, including the main market and the water supply system.", "sources": [ "ReliefWeb 2017a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al-Aqran dam is hit during three air raids in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.6667000000000005144329406903125345706939697265625, "lng": 44.6186000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "description": "The Al-Aqran dam is hit during three air raids in Nihm District, Sanaa, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al-Shabaab militants destroy water well in Kenya", "date": "2017", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.153659999999999907771552898338995873928070068359375, "lng": 41.1854000000000013415046851150691509246826171875, "description": "Al-Shabaab militants destroy an important water well that had been drilled by the Kenyan army in the town of Lafey, Mandera County, leaving hundreds of residents without water.", "sources": [ "Kulan Post 2017", "West 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on Islamic State forces controlling the Tabqa Dam", "date": "2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.85770000000000123918653116561472415924072265625, "lng": 38.558999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "description": "A combined U.S. and Syrian force launches an attack in Syria on Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) forces controlling the Tabqa Dam, a \"choke point\" on the Euphrates River and source of hydroelectric power for the region, which has been under ISIL control. The bombs cause sever damage to the dam, stopping the flow of the river through it, threatening the integrity of the dam itself. Tens of thousands of civilians living below the dam are in immediate danger of complete destruction should the dam be overtopped. Before the dam is overtopped, upstream dams in Turkey cut water flow while the Tabqa dam engineers, under watch by opposing forces, restore operation to the dam. Revelations about the attack in 2022 confirm the US's involvement, identifying US Special Operations unit Task Force 9 as the perpetrator of the attack, even though the dam was on the US military's \"no-strike list.\"", "sources": [ "Gibbons-Neff 2017", "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2017", "Phillips, Khan, and Schmitt 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb damages water truck in Egypt", "date": "2017", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.882999999999999118927007657475769519805908203125, "lng": 34.06410000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "description": "Islamic State fighters claim responsibility for bombs placed in a road that detonates, damaging a water truck and a tank in Sheikh Zuweid, North Sinai, Egypt.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 221401" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Citizens protesting water cuts shut down local government in Algeria", "date": "2017", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.033899999999999153033058973960578441619873046875, "lng": 1.65962999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "description": "Citizens protesting against water cuts shut down the local government, including the city hall, for several days in two cities in northern Algeria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 183728" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Civilians protesting lack of access to water are reportedly beaten and tortured in Sudan", "date": "2017", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.6197999999999996845190253225155174732208251953125, "lng": 25.3549000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "Five people from a citizen water committee and local police in El Fasher, North Darfur, Sudan, are reportedly beaten and tortured by military officers after asking the military to allow local residents to organize and take water from a local source. Residents stage protests against the violent reaction of the military. ", "sources": [ "Sudanese Online 2017", "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 318554" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes in Darfur between farmers and herders over water access result in deaths", "date": "2017", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.6318000000000001392663762089796364307403564453125, "lng": 25.389500000000001733724275254644453525543212890625, "description": "At least 70 people have been killed in the past few months in clashes between farmers and herders over access to water resources and land in the southern part of Darfur.", "sources": [ "UN News Centre 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes over the ecological impacts of a proposed coal plant on aquatic ecosystems and fisheries", "date": "2017", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.815200000000000812860889709554612636566162109375, "lng": 90.406800000000004047251422889530658721923828125, "description": "Protesters take to the streets in the center of Dhaka and more than 50 are injured in clashes over the potential ecological impacts of a proposed coal plant on aquatic ecosystems and fisheries. These actions follow on protests from 2016.", "sources": [ "Schneider 2016a, Paul 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community demonstrator murdered while protesting local hydroelectric projects", "date": "2017", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.830799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": -91.47079999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "Don Sebastian Alonzo Juan, 72, is shot and killed while participating in a peaceful community demonstration in Yichkisis, village of San Mateo Ixtatan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, against three local hydroelectric projects. The shots are reportedly fired by the private security guards hired by the hydroelectric project company.", "sources": [ "Simon 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflict over water between two clans in Somalia kill at least 14 people", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.40841999999999956116880639456212520599365234375, "lng": 48.483699999999998908606357872486114501953125, "description": "A conflict between two clans that started over the use of water and pastureland leaves at least 14 people dead and 50 others injured in Garowe, Nugaal, Somalia. Sources differ on the number of dead and the date of the violent clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 293947" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflict over water quotas lead to two deaths in Iraq", "date": "2017", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.914100000000001244870873051695525646209716796875, "lng": 46.439300000000002910383045673370361328125, "description": "Conflict arises between two tribes over water quotas, leading to two deaths and eight injuries in Suq Al-Shoyokh, Thi-Qar, Iraq.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 353965" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstration in South Africa over access to clean drinking water turns violent", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.326100000000000278532752417959272861480712890625, "lng": 28.02740000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "A demonstration led by locals from the northwest village of Moeka, South Africa for clean drinking water turns violent. One protester is shot and killed and several homes are destroyed. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 302462" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstration over access to clean water turns violent", "date": "2017", "country": "Ghana", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.1517999999999997129407347529195249080657958984375, "lng": 0.9820670000000000232631691687856800854206085205078125, "description": "Demonstrations led by residents of Ketu South, Volta, Ghana, who are upset about the drying up of domestic groundwater wells, turn violent. Property is damaged and clashes between residents and police result in the death of one resident and the injury of two others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 227239" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstration over access to water and concerns about salary payments turn violent", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.7752999999999996560973158921115100383758544921875, "lng": 45.03260000000000218278728425502777099609375, "description": "Citizens from Crater, Aden, Yemen, demonstrate to demand salary payments and access to water and electricity services by blocking roads and setting tires on fire. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 345102" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ethiopian troops reportedly attack a water source in Somalia", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.855560000000000098197006082045845687389373779296875, "lng": 45.57000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Troops from Ethiopia reportedly attack a water source used by al Shabaab, leading to further fighting, in Bulo Burto, Hilraan, Somalia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 291997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fight breaks out over access to water storage tank, Somalia", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.3216699999999992343191479449160397052764892578125, "lng": 46.5713999999999970214048516936600208282470703125, "description": "A fight breaks out between two Somalia militias over a dispute concerning an underground water storage tank. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 291143" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighting between two clans in Sudan over ownership of water point leaves six dead", "date": "2017", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.4105000000000007531752999057061970233917236328125, "lng": 29.232099999999999084820956340990960597991943359375, "description": "Fighting between two clans near Lagawa, West Kordofan, Sudan over ownership of a water point leaves six dead and several others wounded. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 318582" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighting damages the Donetsk Filtration Station supplying water to 40,000 people in Ukraine", "date": "2017", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.1366000000000013869794202037155628204345703125, "lng": 37.7490999999999985448084771633148193359375, "description": "Fighting in the Avdiivka area of Ukraine damages and stops the Donetsk Filtration Station, which supplies around 40,000 people in Avdiivka and surrounding villages (March 2017).", "sources": [ "Relief Web 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighting over access to water between herdsmen and farmers", "date": "2017", "country": "Ghana", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.5, "lng": -0.5, "description": "Fighting is reported between youth and herdsmen over the alleged killing of a farmer by the herdsmen and the destruction of water sources used by their cattle.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 227232" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five killed; 11 injured in airstrikes on water systems in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.950900000000000744648787076584994792938232421875, "lng": 43.7477999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "Airstrikes by coalition forces hits several water projects, killing five civilians and injuring 11 others in Saadah and Sahar, Sadah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 262217, 348222" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four people killed in clash over access to a water point in North Darfur, Sudan", "date": "2017", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.962199999999999278088580467738211154937744140625, "lng": 23.95360000000000155750967678613960742950439453125, "description": "Former Sudan Liberation Army-Abdul Wahid (SLA-AW) rebels and Arab nomads clash over access to a water point in Kebkabiya, North Darfur, Sudan, resulting in the death of a total of four people from both sides of the conflict. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 318587" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government forces in Yemen seize two major water wells; kill 12 Houthi", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4503000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 45.01979999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "description": "Government forces seize two major water wells and kill 12 Houthi fighters in Sirwah, Marib, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 346244" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunfire exchanged during a water dispute in Somalia", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.4719999999999995310417943983338773250579833984375, "lng": 49.87389999999999901092451182194054126739501953125, "description": "Gunfire is exchanged between a soldier and a local resident due to a water dispute in Qandala, Bari, Somalia. Both parties are wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 293548" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Illegal water connections contribute to fight between citizen groups, South Africa", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.60510000000000019326762412674725055694580078125, "lng": 28.392900000000000915179043659009039402008056640625, "description": "Two citizen groups fight two days in a row over allegedly illegal water and electricity connections in the City of Tshwane, Gauteng, South Africa. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 302953, 302946" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Irrigation water pipe destroyed in Kenya by residents concerned over local access to water", "date": "2017", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -0.43709900000000001529798510091495700180530548095703125, "lng": 36.957999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Residents of Nyeri Town, Nyeri, Kenya reportedly destroy an irrigation water pipe that is being run through their land for a neighboring community. The residents who caused the destruction are upset because they don't believe they would benefit from the project. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 235605" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "ISIS floods villages in the Deir Hafer Plain of east Aleppo", "date": "2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.15310000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "lng": 37.70859999999999701003616792149841785430908203125, "description": "In response to the advance of the Syrian Arab Army, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) floods villages they control in the Deir Hafer Plain of east Aleppo by pumping water from Lake Assad into the Al-Jar channel.", "sources": [ "Fadel 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State is accused of cutting off water to a village by diverting a river", "date": "2017", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 33.77329999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "lng": 45.1493999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "A group identified as the Islamic State is accused of cutting off the water flow to a village by diverting a river in Abu Karmah, Muqdadiyah, Diyala, Iraq.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 354937" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State militants burn water purification plant in Iraq", "date": "2017", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.40990000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "lng": 43.090000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "Militants from the Islamic State burn a water purification plant in a town north of the city of Mosul.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 350600" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy water pipes in the West Bank", "date": "2017", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.46459999999999723740984336473047733306884765625, "lng": 35.29390000000000071622707764618098735809326171875, "description": "Israeli forces destroy water pipes in a rural area, leading to clashes between Israeli forces and local Palestinians in Jenin, West Bank, Palestine. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 339843" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lack of water triggers violent protest in Guinea", "date": "2017", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.5666700000000002290789780090562999248504638671875, "lng": -13.6333000000000001961097950697876513004302978515625, "description": "People protesting the lack of water supply are dispersed by police after some items are set on fire and access to a local highway is blocked in Matam, Conakry, Guinea. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 228194" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multi-day airstrikes in Yemen destroy water and electrical systems", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.062400000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "lng": 43.28600000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "description": "Airstrikes by coalition forces over a multi-day period hit water and electricity systems in Bajil and Al Hawak, Al Hudaydah, Yemen, killing one civilian.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 343278 & 343302" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple airstrikes hit a water storage facility, desalination plant, and other water infrastructure", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3440999999999991842969393474049866199493408203125, "lng": 42.58039999999999736246536485850811004638671875, "description": "Multi-day airstrikes by coalition forces hit a water storage project, a desalination station, and other water infrastructure and electricity systems in Kamaran, Al Hudaydah, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 346432, 346444, 346482" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple coalition airstrikes against water and water systems in Yemen", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.39189999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": 44.38289999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "description": "Coalition airstrikes target civilian infrastructure, including a water truck and a water pump, injuring at least one civilian in Al Azqul, Sahar, Sadah, and Al Irafaf, Damt, Ad Dali, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 350007, 350198" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nearly 3 million people left without reliable access to water supplies in Ukraine", "date": "2017", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.0185000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "lng": 37.80199999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "description": "A long series of attacks on energy and water systems in the Ukraine has intermittently left nearly three million people without access to reliable water supplies. This has included repeated damage to the Donetsk Filtration Plant, the South Donbas water pipeline, energy plants that supply power to water treatment and distribution systems, and the Carbonit Water Pumping Station.", "sources": [ "ReliefWeb 2017b", "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) 2017", "International Committee for the Red Cross" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed in dispute over access to a water well", "date": "2017", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.73556000000000043570480556809343397617340087890625, "lng": 45.202899999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "Two men from within the same clan get in a violent dispute over a well and the water supply in the village of Buundo Weyn, Beledweyne, Hiiraan, Somalia. One of the men shoots the other, killing him.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 293830" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police kill five farmers during protests over water shortages in Madhya Pradesh, India", "date": "2017", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.973400000000001597300069988705217838287353515625, "lng": 78.6568999999999931560523691587150096893310546875, "description": "Water shortages due to drought and mismanagement contribute to violent unrest of farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India. During one protest, police shoot into a crowd, killing five protestors.", "sources": [ "Wu 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Power lines in Dhamar, Yemen are damaged, cutting water to over a million", "date": "2017", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.545500000000000540012479177676141262054443359375, "lng": 44.40870000000000317186277243308722972869873046875, "description": "The power lines connected to a main water supply system in the city of Dhamar, Yemen are damaged by military activity, affecting approximately one million residents who rely on the water source. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 346194" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest over shortages of drinking water turn violent in Morocco", "date": "2017", "country": "Morocco", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.345900000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "lng": -5.8406599999999997407940099947154521942138671875, "description": "A protest in Zagora, Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco, over shortages of drinking water turns violent, resulting in 21 arrests, damage to property, and injuries to members of the security force.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 248954" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest over water outages, power cuts, and fees turns violent", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -32.79010000000000246700437855906784534454345703125, "lng": 26.832899999999998641442289226688444614410400390625, "description": "Students lead a campus protest at a university over water outages, power cuts, and fees in Nkonkobe, Amathole, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The protest turns violent and the campus is shut down.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 303271" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors and police clash during march against water and electricity cutoffs", "date": "2017", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.85086999999999957111640469520352780818939208984375, "lng": 13.4626999999999998891553332214243710041046142578125, "description": "A march is led by members of Bundu dia Kongo who are protesting the cut off of water and electricity services to their leaders' residence. Protestors and police clash, leading to injuries in both parties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 212136" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Guinea over lack of water and electricity lead to violent clashes, killing three and injuring many", "date": "2017", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.94069999999999964757080306299030780792236328125, "lng": -14.280300000000000437694325228221714496612548828125, "description": "Protests in Boke, Guinea about lack of water and electricity lead to clashes between police and protestors, leading to property damage, three dead, and 41 wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 228185" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over cuts in water and power services turn violent in Guinea", "date": "2017", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.101800000000000778754838393069803714752197265625, "lng": -13.786899999999999266719896695576608180999755859375, "description": "People protesting in Sangarédi, Boke, Guinea against cuts to water and power services are reported to have raided and attacked the gendarmerie, the police premises, and the residences of several individuals. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 228203" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over decreasing local drinking water supply", "date": "2017", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.875, "lng": 5.87760000000000015774048733874224126338958740234375, "description": "Protestors from the city of Chetma, Biskra, Algeria block roads to protest against the decreasing local drinking water supply. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 183839" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over inadequate water, food, and healthcare lead to 10 arrests in Nigeria", "date": "2017", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.6548999999999995935695551452226936817169189453125, "lng": 13.4197000000000006281197784119285643100738525390625, "description": "Ten people who had been uprooted from their homes by Boko Haram are arrested when protesting for better water, food, and healthcare at their temporary camps in Konduga, Borno, Nigeria. ", "sources": [ "News 24 2017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water cuts turn violent in Tunisia", "date": "2017", "country": "Tunisia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.886899999999997135091689415276050567626953125, "lng": 9.5374900000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "description": "A long series of protests in July 2017 are reported associated with cuts in the distribution of drinking water. 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", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 318759" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water shortages turn violent in South Africa", "date": "2017", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -27.26050000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "lng": 25.37859999999999871533873374573886394500732421875, "description": "Residents in South Africa protesting against water shortages are reported to have burned water tanks meant to help alleviate the problem.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 302517" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Baloch Liberation Front fighters assault and injure two workers at the Shadi Kaur Dam construction site in Pakistan", "date": "2017", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 25.529599999999998516386767732910811901092529296875, "lng": 63.4129999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "description": "Baloch Liberation Front fighters assault and injure two workers at the Shadi Kaur Dam construction site in Pakistan.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three workers from the Saichang-Maphou Dam site are abducted and two are killed by suspected Kuki National Front fighters, India", "date": "2017", "country": "India ", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.82450000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "lng": 94.143100000000004001776687800884246826171875, "description": "Suspected Kuki National Front fighters abduct three workers from the Saichang-Maphou Dam site, India and then kill two of them.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighters from an Ethiopian liberation movement attack the Grand Renaissance dam in Ethiopia", "date": "2017", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.2169000000000007588596417917869985103607177734375, "lng": 35.09349999999999880628820392303168773651123046875, "description": "Suspected Benishangul Gumuz People's Liberation Movement fighters attempt a bombing/explosive attack on the Grand Renaissance Dam. At least 13 attackers are killed.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "New People's Army fighters in the Phlippines attack the Lepanto Mine Tailings Dam injuring two and destroying equipment", "date": "2017", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 16.899300000000000210320649784989655017852783203125, "lng": 120.76699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "New People's Army fighters in the Phlippines attack the Lepanto Mine Tailings Dam using explosive devices and firearms, injuring two and destroying construction equipment. The fighters state the attacks are meant to punish the mining company for environmental damages.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Taliban detonate explosive devices, destroying Shorabak Dam, Kandahar, Afghanistan", "date": "2017", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.0656000000000034333424991928040981292724609375, "lng": 70.5991999999999961801222525537014007568359375, "description": "Suspected Taliban detonate explosive devices, destroying Shorabak Dam that supplies drinking water in Kandahar, Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected ISIL fighters attack security forces at a small dam near Kifri, Diyala Province, Iraq", "date": "2017", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.6865999999999985448084771633148193359375, "lng": 44.96039999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "description": "Suspected Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) fighters attack security forces at a small dam near Kifri, Diyala Province, Iraq.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental defender killed for activisim against Provenir II dam in Colombia", "date": "2017", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 6.1865600000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "lng": -74.583899999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "An environmental defender, Luis Edilson Arango Gallego, is killed in August 2017 near his home in Puerto Nare, Colombia. He had been recently working to defend the Samana Norte River and block the Provenir II hydroelectric plant from being built.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Universidad Nacional de Colombia n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Taliban fighters fire rockets at the Kajaki Dam, Afghanistan, injuring one", "date": "2017", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3224000000000017962520360015332698822021484375, "lng": 65.11889999999999645297066308557987213134765625, "description": "Suspected Taliban fighters conduct an attack by firing rockets at the Kajaki Dam, Afghanistan injuring a security guard.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community leader fighting for Afro Rights and protection of water resources killed in Honduras", "date": "2017", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.8252000000000005996980689815245568752288818359375, "lng": -87.9286000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "description": "A 73 year-old community leader in Honduras, Silvino Zapata Martinez, who fought for the rights of the Garifuna (Afro-descendant) community and campaigned to protect local water and land resources, such as the Masca River, is shot by gunmen and left to die.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "HRD Memorial n.d.-a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water tanks on a hospital in Kafr Batna, Syria are damaged by pro-government artillery", "date": "2017", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.5131999999999976580511429347097873687744140625, "lng": 36.37039999999999650981408194638788700103759765625, "description": "The water tanks on a hospital in Kafr Batna, Syria are damaged by pro-government artillery.", "sources": [ "UN Human Rights Council 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sanitation facility damaged in conflict in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.199999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": 43.316699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "description": "A sanitation facility in Zabid District, Hudaydah is damaged in the ongoing conflict in Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tank used to store water is by an airstrike", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.335100000000000619593265582807362079620361328125, "lng": 42.609600000000000363797880709171295166015625, "description": "A tank used to store potable water is hit by a Saudi coalition airstrike in Kamaran district, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5440599" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tens of thousands admitted to hospitals from contaminated drinking water, inciting violence that leads to deaths and injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.5080999999999988858689903281629085540771484375, "lng": 47.78349999999999653255144949071109294891357421875, "description": "Tens of thousands fall ill from contaminated drinking water in Basra, Iraq. In response, citizen unrest escalates and protests turn violent, leaving at least 15 dead and hundreds injured.", "sources": [ "Trew 2018", "Al Jazeera 2018b", "Amnesty International 2018a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Donetsk Filter Station is attacked, affecting water supply to 350,000", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.0159000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "lng": 37.80279999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "description": "Damage to the Donetsk Filter Station from shelling as well as gunfire directed at water station staff affects the reliability of water supply to approximately 350,000 people. This event is related to previous disruptions in water services from similar attacks in 2017.", "sources": [ "Dymkovskyy 2018", "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) 2018b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two airstrikes hit a water dam", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.4597999999999995424104781704954802989959716796875, "lng": 45.36200000000000187583282240666449069976806640625, "description": "The Saudi-led coalition launches two airstrikes at Houthi forces in the Al Wahabiyah area in Al Sawadiyah district, Al Bayda Governorate, Yemen, hitting a water dam and killing a number of Houthi fighters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5441489" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two killed while protecting water rights in Mexico", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.24980000000000046611603465862572193145751953125, "lng": -107.4129999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "description": "A father and son, Ramon Hernandez Nevarez and Anselmo Hernandez Andujo, are murdered while traveling together in Namiquipa, Chihuaua, Mexico. The two were farmers and known locally as water defenders, working to protect the Carmen River from over exploitation. The murderers have not been identified, however, it is thought that they were killed by people from an armed cartel called \"La Linea.\"", "sources": [ "Lira 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two men receive death threats for fighting against water wells in Chihuahua, Mexico", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.032499999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": -107.022999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "description": "Two men, Martin Solis Bustamente and Eraclio Rodriguez, receive death threats for fighting what they see as the illegal construction and operation of water wells in the Carmen River Basin, Chihuahua, Mexico.", "sources": [ "Lira 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people are killed because of a dispute over a watercourse", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.506299999999999528199623455293476581573486328125, "lng": 43.55460000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "description": "Two people are killed and another is injured as a result of a tribal dispute over a watercourse in Bait Al-Hadi Village, Al-Qiblah, Ar Rujum District, Al-Mahwit Governorate, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5439644" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence breaks out at a line waiting for water at a spring in Cape Town", "date": "2018", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -33.92490000000000094360075308941304683685302734375, "lng": 18.424099999999999255351212923415005207061767578125, "description": "Violence breaks out at a line waiting for water at a spring in a neighborhood in Cape Town after severe drought leaves the city with dwindling water supplies. After restrictions were imposed in early 2018, citizens have taken to collecting water from local springs, which are not counted in their water restrictions. In response to this violence, guards are posted at the spring and restrictions put on how much water can be collected.", "sources": [ "Schlanger 2018", "Chambers 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence in western Ethiopia, in part driven by shortages of water and land resources, displaces one million people", "date": "2018-2019", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.0369399999999995287680576439015567302703857421875, "lng": 35.4936000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "description": "Violence in western Ethiopia displaces one million people. The violence is in part driven by shortages of water and land resources.", "sources": [ "Amare 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clashes between farmers and police over access to water leave one dead in Kazeroon, Iran", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.6270999999999986584953148849308490753173828125, "lng": 51.65180000000000148929757415316998958587646484375, "description": "One person is killed when police are sent to halt \"illegal\" water pumps Kazeroon, Iran, used by farmers and other villagers to access water.", "sources": [ "Euronews 2018a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "War and soaring temperatures leave women and children water collectors vulnerable in South Sudan", "date": "2018-2019", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 6.87596999999999969332975524594075977802276611328125, "lng": 31.3068999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "description": "War and soaring temperatures leave many rural communities in South Sudan with little or no local water sources. Women and children are subjected to violent attacks, rape, and murder when traveling to regional sources to collect water. Leaders report conflicts sparked by water shortages occurring between the many of the 60 different ethnic groups across the country.", "sources": [ "Trew 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water company truck hits landmine on the way to repair water pipes in Ukraine, injuring two", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.3564999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": 37.9277000000000015234036254696547985076904296875, "description": "A water company truck driven by two employees strikes a land mine on its way to an emergency repair of damages to a water pipe due to attacks. Two water utility employees are injured. The water pipe services approximately 45,000 people with water.", "sources": [ "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) 2018a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water dam hit during air raids", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.301700000000000301270119962282478809356689453125, "lng": 45.21650000000000346744855050928890705108642578125, "description": "A water dam is hit during multiple air raids in Al-Sawadiyah District, Bayda, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller damaged in conflict in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.4414000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": 43.4645000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "A water driller in Baqim District, Saada is damaged in the ongoing conflict in Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller hit during air raid", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.2159999999999993036681189551018178462982177734375, "lng": 43.0715000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "A water driller is hit during an air raid in Al-Dhuha district, Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.06309999999999860165189602412283420562744140625, "lng": 43.59779999999999944293449516408145427703857421875, "description": "A water driller is hit during an air raid in Majz District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller hit during air raids", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water driller is hit during multiple air raids in Sihar District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water driller is hit during air raids", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water driller is hit during multiple air raids in Sihar District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water fountain damaged in air raid", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.77629999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 43.43319999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "A water fountain in Haydan District, Sa'ada, Yemen is damaged in an air raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water fountain is damaged in air raid", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.77629999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 43.43319999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "A water fountain in Haydan District, Saada, Yemen is damaged in an air raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water infrastructure attacked in Syria", "date": "2018", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.51230000000000330828697769902646541595458984375, "lng": 36.86540000000000105728759081102907657623291015625, "description": "Water infrastructure are attacked, along with health centers and hospitals, in an offensive by Turkey in the Afrin and Tal Rifaat districts in Syria.", "sources": [ "Rudaw 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project hit during air raid", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water project is hit during an air raid in Sihar District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.1181000000000000937916411203332245349884033203125, "lng": 48.1942999999999983629095368087291717529296875, "description": "A water project is hit during an air raid in Al-Safra'a District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pump hit during air raid", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.847699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 43.94369999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "A water pump is hit during an air raid in Sihar District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortages in India lead to deadly fights between civilians and harassment of water company employees", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.104800000000000892441676114685833454132080078125, "lng": 77.1734000000000008867573342286050319671630859375, "description": "Lack of water in cities across India -- due to drought, growing populations, and inadequate infrastructure -- leads to high tensions, resulting in at least two deaths when a fight breaks out between residents waiting in line at a water truck. Those working for the water companies with the responsibility of turning different water lines on and off, called \"key men,\" are increasingly harassed by residents wanting to persuade them to keep their water on.", "sources": [ "Abi-Habib and Kumar 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank hit during air raid", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.77629999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 43.43319999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "A water tank is hit during an air raid in Haydan District, Sa'ada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank is damaged in conflict in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.5, "lng": 43.16669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "description": "A water tank in Al-Durayhimi District, Hudaydah is damaged in the ongoing conflict in Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well digging machine is destroyed by airstrikes", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.85000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 43.63329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "In Sadah, Yemen, a civilian is injured and a water well digging machine is destroyed by 5 Saudi-led coalition airstrikes that hit in Farwah and Mahather areas of Sahar district.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5437994, 5437997" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water wells hit during air raids", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3736999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "lng": 42.5634000000000014551915228366851806640625, "description": "Water wells are hit during multiple air raids in Kamaran, Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water wells project hit during air raids", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.792699999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "lng": 42.9731000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "description": "A water wells project is hit during multiple air raids in Al-Hudaydah city, Al-Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Well damaged in Al-Silw District, Taizz, Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.34140000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "lng": 44.181499999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "A water well in Al-Silw District, Taizz is damaged in the ongoing conflict in Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Well damaged in conflict in Hays District, Hudaydah, Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.93130000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": 43.47890000000000298996383207850158214569091796875, "description": "A water well in Hays District, Hudaydah is damaged in the ongoing conflict in Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "11 deaths attributed to ongoing conflict between herdsmen and farmers", "date": "2018", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.244569999999999510009729419834911823272705078125, "lng": 9.367309999999999803321770741604268550872802734375, "description": "Eleven are killed and 11 more injured during an attack by Fulani herdsmen on a farming community in Central Nigeria, ignited by the continuing conflict over land and water resources.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2018a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over a water point in Syria between government militias and Islamic State fighters results in multiple deaths", "date": "2018", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.04079999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 37.19709999999999894271240918897092342376708984375, "description": "Regime and loyalist militia forces including Hezbollah clash with Islamic State fighters in the Tlul al Safa area of Syria over an important water point. Regime air and missile strikes kill at least four Islamic State fighters and an estimated 10 others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8114602" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A large number of deaths are reported in attack on farmers by armed herdsmen in Nigeria over water and land resources", "date": "2018", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.244260000000000587760951020754873752593994140625, "lng": 9.367399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "On a single day in Nigeria's Plateau state, an attack by armed herdsmen leaves dozens in farming communities dead. This attack is part of ongoing violence that is in part triggered by access to water and land resources. Reports vary in the number dead; one cites 200 and another, 86.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2018b", "Reuters 2018", "McNeill and Akwagyiram 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank and other farm items are damaged in an attack on a cowshed construction site in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.890499999999999403144101961515843868255615234375, "lng": 84.41599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "On August 15, a water tank, a tractor, and motorbike are damaged and several cows are injured in an attack on a cowshed construction site in Bara, Bihar, India. The Communist Part of India - Maoist claim responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201808150052" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water well and other structures are damaged by airstrike", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.283300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 43.066699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "description": "Five farmers are killed in an airstrike while getting water from a pump in Al-Jah in Bayt Al-Faqih, Yemen. The water well, a mosque, and houses are damaged in the airstrike.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4598884" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raid targets a water tanker", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.5140999999999991132426657713949680328369140625, "lng": 44.44800000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "description": "A Saudi-led coalition air raid is reported on Al Ghawl area of Nihm district, northeast of Sanaa city, allegedly targeting a water tanker. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5437331" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raids are reported on a water rig", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.791199999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "lng": 43.79079999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "description": "Two Saudi-led coalition air raids are reported on a water rig in Al Ammar area of Sadah border Governorate in northwestern Yemen. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5437334" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raids are reported on water wells and reservoirs in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.335100000000000619593265582807362079620361328125, "lng": 42.609600000000000363797880709171295166015625, "description": "Five Saudi-led coalition air raids are reported on water wells and reservoirs across the Kamaran island in the north of Hudaydah Governorate, western Yemen. No casualties are reported but a large number of wells and reservoirs are destroyed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5439301" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike hits a water project in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.044000000000000483169060316868126392364501953125, "lng": 43.81099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "A Saudi-led coalition airstrike reportedly hits a water project in the Nushur area of Safra district, threatening to affect up to 10,500 people who rely on the water supplied by the project in Yemen. No injuries or fatalities are reported. This particular project has been hit three times by airstrikes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5438563" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike targets a water project in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.98780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 43.77329999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "description": "A Saudi-led coalition airstrike targets a water project in the al-Hamzat area of Sahar district, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5428241" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike targets a water-transport truck in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.215199999999999391775418189354240894317626953125, "lng": 43.0701999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "A young girl is seriously injured by a Saudi-led coalition airstrike that targeted a water-transport truck in Ad Dhahi area of Hudayda, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5193162" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrikes damage water and sanitation infrastructure in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.79090000000000060254023992456495761871337890625, "lng": 42.970900000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "description": "Airstrikes over several days in July in the city of Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, damage water and sanitation infrastructure, including many drinking water wells.", "sources": [ "UNOCHA and UNOCHA-Yemen 2018", "Algohbary 2018", "Al-Rodaini 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab diverts a river, forcing opposition to undefendable higher ground in Somalia", "date": "2018", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -0.4038880000000000247695197685970924794673919677734375, "lng": 41.57939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Al Shabaab, a group fighting to create an Islamic state in Somalia, diverts water from the Jubba River, causing a flood that forced Somali, Kenyan, and U.S. military forces to move to higher ground where they were later ambushed. One soldier from the U.S. was killed in the ambush.", "sources": [ "Goldbaum 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 8 more killed in ongoing conflict over access to water between farmers and herders, Mali", "date": "2018", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.07469999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": -3.082669999999999799200622874195687472820281982421875, "description": "At least eight more people die in an ongoing conflict between the Fulani and Dogon communities in Mali near the town of Koro, sparked by access to water and grazing disputes. Since March 2018, the total death toll from this ongoing conflict is reported to be 25.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2018a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks in Farah, Afghanistan are reportedly related to efforts by Iran to disrupt water projects in Afghanistan", "date": "2018", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.4465000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 62.14540000000000219415596802718937397003173828125, "description": "Attacks in Farah in the western region of Afghanistan in early 2018 by the Taliban may, in part, be supported by Iran in an attempt to reduce Afghanistan's ability to pursue water dam infrastructure projects.", "sources": [ "Hussein and Jedinia 2018", "Jerusalem Post, The 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on water infrastructure in the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine cause water shortages for millions", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.0159000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "lng": 37.80279999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "description": "Water shortages are reported by residents living in at least 20 communities near the line of conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine. In spite of a ceasefire negotiated in 2014, the ongoing violence has damaged public utilities, leaving millions of residents without water for days and weeks at a time.", "sources": [ "REACH 2018", "Protection Cluster 2018", "Strategic Foresight Group 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Brothers murdered for opposing hydropower project in Guatemala", "date": "2018", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.830799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": -91.47079999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "Neri and Domingo Esteban Pedro were found murdered near the San Andres hydroelectric project on the Yal Witz River in western Guatemala. The brothers were vocal opponents of the project.", "sources": [ "Ramon 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between tribesmen and pro-Houthi force over a water project", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.219699999999999562305674771778285503387451171875, "lng": 44.58659999999999712372300564311444759368896484375, "description": "For the second consecutive day, clashes between Al 'Ukad tribesmen and pro-Houthi forces are reported in the Ridmah district of Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Clashes are reportedly initiated on September 24 as the tribesmen seize the weapons of a group of Houthi fighters to show their opposition to a water project. Injuries are reported on both sides but no fatalities.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5440220, 5440187" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes expand between Tajik and Kyrgyz farmers over irrigation water", "date": "2018", "country": "Kyrgyzstan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.88029999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": 70.5190999999999945657691569067537784576416015625, "description": "Clashes between farmers over irrigation water across the Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan border escalate, with at least two instances involving armed guards to defuse the fights. One fight started over the installation of a water pump. ", "sources": [ "Arnold 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes over a water project in Yemen result in injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.219699999999999562305674771778285503387451171875, "lng": 44.58659999999999712372300564311444759368896484375, "description": "Clashes between Al 'Ukad tribesmen and pro-Houthi forces are reported in the Ridmah district of Ibb governorate, Yemen, over opposition to a water project. Injuries are reported on both sides.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6431623, 6431589" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflicts over pasture land and water resources lead to violence", "date": "2018", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.335500000000000131450406115618534386157989501953125, "lng": 37.99430000000000262616595136933028697967529296875, "description": "14 people are killed in Northern Kenya, near Marsabit, after ongoing conflicts between two ethnic groups over land and water resources turns violent.", "sources": [ "Abidi 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths are reported in protests over a mine that would contaminate local water sources in Honduras", "date": "2020", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.6664999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": -86.065799999999995861799106933176517486572265625, "description": "Beginning in 2011, members of the community of El Guapinol, Honduras, protest the development of an open-pit mine that would contaminate their water source, the Guapinol River. In 2018, the group protesting set up an encampment that after several months is violently broken up by security guards. One protestor is shot and killed and others are arrested and put in jail. In October, 2020, another member of the community who participates in the protests is shot and killed in his own home.", "sources": [ "Bruess 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Desalination plant hit during air raids in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.93130000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": 43.47890000000000298996383207850158214569091796875, "description": "A desalination plant in Hays District, Hudayah, Yemen is hit during air raids.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmer injured in a clash with police in Varzaneh, Iran during a strike over access to water", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.4217000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "lng": 52.6495000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "A farmer reports losing sight in one eye and wounds from a pellet gun from a clash with police ignited by a strike over lack of water in Varzaneh, Iran. ", "sources": [ "Karimi and Nasiri 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Father and son are beaten to death in water dispute in Delhi, India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.704100000000000392219590139575302600860595703125, "lng": 77.1025000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "description": "In Delhi during severe drought in 2018 a father and son are beaten to death in a water dispute.", "sources": [ "Oaten and Patidar 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Haryana, India villages clash over water and 12 are injured", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.06139999999999901092451182194054126739501953125, "lng": 76.1116999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "description": "Residents of one village in Haryana install a motor pump to draw water from a local water source, but residents of a nearby village object to it, leading to violent clashes, twelve injuries, and the destruction of the pump.", "sources": [ "The Kashmir Monitor 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iranian security forces shoot at protesters, injuring one, at demonstration in Khorramshahr over lack of water", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.425599999999999312194631784223020076751708984375, "lng": 48.18910000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "description": "Protests over lack of drinking water supplies in Khorramshahr, Iran begin in front of government buildings. Social media posts of these protests include sounds of shots and cries and show security forces shooting at protesters. Only one protester is reported injured.", "sources": [ "Euronews 2018b", "Associated Press (AP) 2018b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iraqi female activist assassinated", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.5080999999999988858689903281629085540771484375, "lng": 47.78349999999999653255144949071109294891357421875, "description": "An Iraqi activist, Su?ad al-?Ali, is assassinated while getting into her vehicle in Basra, Iraq. Mrs. Al-Ali had worked to bring better government services to her community, including safe and reliable drinking water.", "sources": [ "Al Jazeera 2018a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Main water tank is targeted by military shelling", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.63700000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "lng": 43.05510000000000303543856716714799404144287109375, "description": "The main water tank of Durayhimi district, Yemen, which supplies most of the district in drinking water, is reportedly targeted by military shelling. Conflicting reports from local sources attribute the bombing to either pro-Houthi forces or Saudi-led coalition Apache helicopters that are targeting Houthi snipers near the tank. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5438816" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Major dam and water source captured in Syria", "date": "2018", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 36.62180000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "lng": 36.87140000000000128466126625426113605499267578125, "description": "The Afrin Dam, a major dam and water source on the Afrin River in Syria, is captured by Turkish forces and their Syrian militia allies, causing concern for the nearby communities that depend on the dam for water. These same forces are also in control of nearby Maydanki dam. Interruptions to water and electricity in communities dependent on these dams have occurred, along with reports of attacks on civilian centers and populations.", "sources": [ "Rudaw 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man shot over access to water in Delhi, India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.704100000000000392219590139575302600860595703125, "lng": 77.1025000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "description": "A man is shot in Sangam Vihar -- one of the poorest parts of Delhi -- during a dispute over water. The summer of 2018 sees one of the worst droughts in Dehli, India.", "sources": [ "Oaten and Patidar 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mexican farmers and white landowners clash over water", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.257400000000000517275111633352935314178466796875, "lng": -106.6029999999999944293449516408145427703857421875, "description": "An alliance of local Mexican farmers storm the property of a white family living in Chihuahua state, Mexico, in frustration over what the farmers believe is an excessive use of water from the local river and aquifer. The clash results in one farmer being shot and other injuries to individuals on both sides of the conflict.", "sources": [ "Kryt 2019", "Mayorga 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "More than 70 water systems damaged in Ethiopia related to violent conflicts", "date": "2018", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.5460399999999996367705534794367849826812744140625, "lng": 40.63470000000000226236807066015899181365966796875, "description": "At least 76 water systems have been damaged by the ongoing conflict in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. The larger conflict leading to these casualties is between different ethnic groups and has displaced hundreds of thousands of people.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed and several injured in fighting between farmers and herders in Tanzania over access to water", "date": "2018", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -6.8277599999999996072119756718166172504425048828125, "lng": 37.65910000000000223963070311583578586578369140625, "description": "One person is killed and several police officers are injured in a fight over access to water resources between herders and farmers near the village of Dihida, Morogoro, Tanzania.", "sources": [ "Makoye 2016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Over 230 people are sickened by poisoned drinking water in the conflict between Ukraine and Russia", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 48.04599999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 37.96670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "Over 230 people are poisoned through contaminated drinking water in the town of Makiivka in the Donetsk region Ukraine. That water is thought to have been intentionally contaminated.", "sources": [ "Strategic Foresight Group 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pro-Hadi forces manage to take a water project", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.272300000000001318767317570745944976806640625, "lng": 44.0474999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Pro-Hadi forces manage to take a number of sites after clashing with Houthi militias in the Alb area of Sadah, Yemen. According to the source, pro-Hadi troops take the areas of Mimna, Dhaher al-Burkan, Al Masirah, Water project, Al-Faridh, Qiraa'a, and the sniper outpost, all in the Alb area. No information on casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5428602" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pro-Houthi forces reportedly blow up a water tank", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.1836000000000002074784788419492542743682861328125, "lng": 43.2263999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "description": "Pro-Houthi forces reportedly blow up the main water tank of Tuhayta as anti-Houthi forces are closing in on the city.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5438269" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pro-Houthi forces reportedly destroy water collection tanks", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.93169999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "lng": 43.48310000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "description": "Property destruction: Pro-Houthi forces reportedly destroy water collection tanks in Bani Zuhayr village west of Hays city in the south of Al Hudaydah Governorate. The tanks are reportedly the only source of water for the citizens of Hays district.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5429022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest to prevent oil pipeline that threatens water resources is met with violent arrests", "date": "2018", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.017900000000000915179043659009039402008056640625, "lng": -90.791300000000006775735528208315372467041015625, "description": "Dozens of protestors are arrested and restrained, sometimes with violent tactics, as they physically resist the construction of a major oil pipeline in the United States. The protestors argue that the pipeline is proceeding illegally and that it threatens their water supplies as well as other resources that are vital to their way of life. ", "sources": [ "L'eau Est La Vie Camp 2018", "Zanolli 2018", "Jamail 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests by farmers over transfers of water from Isfahan to Yazd, Iran turn violent and cause damage to water transfer systems", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.65379999999999682813722756691277027130126953125, "lng": 51.66590000000000060254023992456495761871337890625, "description": "Water systems used to transfer water from Isfahan to the neighboring province of Yazd are damaged multiple times by farmers protesting the loss of the water supply. Farmers blame the Iranian government for the lack of water in their region. Reports from social media show police officers attacking farmers associated with the destroyed pipes.", "sources": [ "Radio Farda 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Iran over lack of water, mismanagement, and corruption around water lead to deaths of dozens", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.6546000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "lng": 51.66799999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "description": "Ongoing protests against lack of water, mismanagement, and corruption around water are led by residents in small towns in western Iran. These protests gain more media attention as tensions escalate over time and may be linked to demonstrations from late 2017 and early 2018 that lead to the death of dozens of people. In 2018, at least nine environmental leaders are arrested, and one jailed environmentalist dies of alleged suicide.", "sources": [ "Dehghanpisheh 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Iran over water shortages and poor quality lead to injuries. Deaths also reported by some outlets", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.440799999999999414512785733677446842193603515625, "lng": 48.18430000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "description": "In Iran, protests over the shortage and poor quality of drinking water turn violent as police open fire at rioters who throw stones and attack public buildings and banks. There are conflicting reports over the number of casualties; while Iranian officials deny any fatalities, they acknowledge that 11 people, including police officers, were wounded. Opposition websites report up to 4 fatalities among the demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6120737" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water shortages turn violent in Iran", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.425599999999999312194631784223020076751708984375, "lng": 48.18910000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "description": "Water shortages in the southern part of Iran have caused protests, which turned violent with attacks on property and other infrastructure. Police action to break up the protests lead to several injuries and deaths.", "sources": [ "Maclean 2018", "Campbell 2018", "Hameed 2018", "Givetash 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A truck carrying water tanks is used by suicide bombers in a failed attack in Syria", "date": "2018", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.5167000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 37.126699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "On January 18, a group of suicide bombers using a truck carrying water tanks in Aleppo, Syria is stopped by the Free Syrian Army. Members of the FSA kill three of the assailants and a fourth dies when he detonates his explosive device.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201801180025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police shoot and kill a man protesting the Bonyunyu Dam project in Kenya", "date": "2018", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -0.5185530000000000416804368796874769032001495361328125, "lng": 34.8817999999999983629095368087291717529296875, "description": "On January 9, 2018, Jomo Nyanguti is shot by police who are guarding surveyors mapping a dam site for the Bonyunyu Dam project in Kenya. It is reported that Nyanguti confronted the police officers and that three other people were arrested. Protestors are concerned that the dam will displace thousands of people from their ancestral lands and have stated that the project has moved forward without public consultation.", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Organizer of an encampment in protest of a dam project is killed by security forces in Honduras", "date": "2018", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.634100000000000108002495835535228252410888671875, "lng": -87.311700000000001864464138634502887725830078125, "description": "An organizer of an encampment in protest of a dam project on the Jilamito River, Ramon Fiallos, is shot and killed by security forces in Arizona, Atlantida, Honduras. The community names a bridge in commemoration of him.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Walsh 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police kill farmer and another community organizer who helped protect a local river in Honduras", "date": "2018", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.602199999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": -87.6123999999999938381733954884111881256103515625, "description": "A farmer who helped environmental organizers defending a local river, Geovanny Diaz Carcamo, is taken from his home in Pajuiles, Honduras, and killed by police in the middle of the night. His murder occurs one day after the murder of Ramon Fiallos, another community organizer who also worked in support of protecting a local river.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Lakhani 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Grenades are thrown and rounds are fired at a water pump house outside an Air Force post in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.8918000000000034788172342814505100250244140625, "lng": 74.981099999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "description": "On February 20, grenades are thrown and rounds are fired at a water pump house outside an Air Force post in Malangpora, Jammu and Kashmir, India. No injuries are reported and no group claims the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201802200026" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist detonate an explosive device at the dam site of the Upper Karnali Hydropower Project, Nepal", "date": "2018", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 28.8993999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": 81.4874999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) detonate an explosive device at the dam site of the Upper Karnali Hydropower Project, Nepal, demanding the Nepalese government use Nepali companies and labor during hydropower construction.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist detonate an explosive at the powerhouse of the Arun-III Hydropower Project, Nepal", "date": "2018", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 27.51089999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "lng": 87.1941000000000059344529290683567523956298828125, "description": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) detonate an explosive-laden pressure cooker at the powerhouse of the Arun-III Hydropower Project demanding the Nepalese government use Nepali companies and labor during hydropower construction.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Extensive violence reported over water scarcity in southern Iraq", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.042000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 46.26729999999999876081346883438527584075927734375, "description": "In the province of Dhi Qar, Iraq, widespread clan clashes erupt due to water scarcity. ", "sources": [ "Al Monitor 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tanker is damaged in an attack on a construction site in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.98219999999999885176293901167809963226318359375, "lng": 83.41030000000000654836185276508331298828125, "description": "On March 2, a water tanker is damaged during an attack on a construction site near Kadambaguda, Odisha, India. One construction worker is kidnapped before being released a short time later.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201803020025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental activist found dead near Kyiv, Ukraine", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 50.46090000000000230784280574880540370941162109375, "lng": 30.505199999999998539124135277234017848968505859375, "description": "An environmental activist, Nikolay Yarema, is found dead near Kyiv, Ukraine. Yarema was known for his opposition to the seizure of the Svyatoshinsky Lake area, a well-forested northwestern part of Kyiv bordering the Nyvka River. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "JAM news 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A leader of local opposition to the Quadriver Mini Hydro Dam in the Philippines is murdered by assassins", "date": "2018", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 16.721800000000001773514668457210063934326171875, "lng": 120.9620000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "A local leader of opposition to a dam project, Ricardo Pugong Manymi, is shot and killed by assassins in Tinoc town, Ifugao, Philippines. He is a known leader of the opposition to the Quadriver Mini Hydro Dam and of the Ifugao Peasant Movement, which seeks to defend human rights of the indigenous people of the Ifugao province. ", "sources": [ "Cimatu 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Muslim extremists attack the Djenne Dam construction site in Mali", "date": "2018", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.8094999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": -4.517640000000000100044417195022106170654296875, "description": "Suspected Muslim extremists attack the Djenne Dam construction site, Mali, buring cranes, vehicles, generators, and construction materials.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water filtration vehicle is attacked in Ukraine, five employees are injured", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.10220000000000339923644787631928920745849609375, "lng": 37.88130000000000308091330225579440593719482421875, "description": "On April 17, a water filtration vehicle is attacked in Donetsk, Ukraine. At least five employees are injured.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201804170026" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Employees of Voda Donbassa are wounded during attacks on water systems in Ukraine", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.15079999999999671445038984529674053192138671875, "lng": 37.83279999999999887450030655600130558013916015625, "description": "In April 2018, five Voda Donbassa (Donbas Water) employees are attacked and injured, resulting in the suspension of operations and evacuation of water sector employees and water shortages for nearly 380,000 civilians, particularly in Avdiivka, Yasynuvata, and Betmanove cities.", "sources": [ "OSCE 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Honduran lawyer who represents people protesting a hydroelectric dam is murdered", "date": "2018", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.7737999999999995992538970313034951686859130859375, "lng": -87.46559999999999490682967007160186767578125, "description": "Honduran lawyer Carlos Hernandez is found murdered in Tela de Altantida, Honduras after committing to defend the town's mayor that was facing criminal charges for peaceful opposition to a hydroelectric dam project planned on the Jilamito River. ", "sources": [ "International Rivers n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous leader in Mexico murdered for defending territory from mining and transmission lines from hydroelectric projects", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 19.17739999999999866986399865709245204925537109375, "lng": -97.930599999999998317434801720082759857177734375, "description": "In May 2018 , indigenous leader, Manuel Gaspar Rodriguez, is murdered in the middle of the night in Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico. Rodriguez was one of eight facing charges brought by the national electric utility company for participating in a blockade of transmission lines that were to be built in connection with several hydroelectric projects in his home territory.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "MiningWatch Canada 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tanker is a casualty in one of seven attacks in Jharkhand, India on the same day", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 23.805800000000001404032445861957967281341552734375, "lng": 83.870800000000002683009370230138301849365234375, "description": "On May 29, seven related attacks occur across Jharkhand, India. A water tanker is a casualty in one of the attacks. The Communist Party of India - Maoist is suspected as the group responsible for the attacks.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201805290033" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Of 18 related violent attacks in one day in Thailand, one occurs at a waterworks authority compound", "date": "2018", "country": "Thailand", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.54896000000000011453948900452814996242523193359375, "lng": 101.6389999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "description": "On May 20, 18 related violent attacks occur across Thailand. One of the 18 occurs at a Provincial Waterworks authority compound in Bacho, Narathiwat. No group claimed responsibility for the attack, however, the Barisan Revolusi Nasional are thought to be responsible.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201805200020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Guatemalan indigenous man involved in opposing dam construction projects is killed ", "date": "2018", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.84479999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "lng": -91.5337999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "description": " Luis Armando Maldonado Marin, a known member of the Social Pastoral of the Earth, a local group actively opposing the construction of a dam, is shot and killed in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. This is a region in Guatemala where many indigenous defenders are opposing hydroelectric projects. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Business & Human Rights Resource Centre n.d.-a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seven people injured during dispute over irrigation water in Pakistan", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.518699999999999050714905024506151676177978515625, "lng": 68.5407000000000010686562745831906795501708984375, "description": "Two groups in Jaffarabad District of Balochistan, Pakistan clash over an irrigation water dispute on June 25. Seven people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7699475" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Xiangyang, China residents protest water and air pollution and clashes with police lead to injuries and arrests", "date": "2018", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 45.782499999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 126.93999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "On June 30, 2018, more than 1000 residents protest untreated wastewater discharge and groundwater contamination at a waste treatment plant in Xiangyang, China. Forty residents are arrested during clashes with local police; some residents are also injured and hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7737107" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Second environmental activist opposed to Gaya dam in the state of Puebla, Mexico, is murdered", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 19.872499999999998721023075631819665431976318359375, "lng": -97.5849999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "A well known leader of local opposition to the Gaya hydroelectric dam in the Mexican state of Puebla, Adrian Tihuilit, is found dead in his car one day after he was reported missing. He is the second defender of human and environmental rights to be killed in the state of Puebla in two weeks.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "HRD Memorial. n.d.-b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspicious circumstances around death of a young activist fighting water pollution in Ukraine", "date": "2018", "country": "Ukraine", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 49.79419999999999646433934685774147510528564453125, "lng": 36.5688999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "description": "A young activist known for fighting industrial pollution of local reservoirs and for human rights, Mykola Bychkho, is found dead in the woods near his home in the township of Eskhar (Kharkiv oblast), Ukraine. Although local officals rule his death a suicide, the community disputes this claim and protests authorities to pressure them into further examination of his death. Bychkho had been successful at getting an environmental commission created in his efforts to fight the pollution of the local reservoir by various industries. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Coynash 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over severe water shortage in the Hansi district of India leads to a clash causing a dozen injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.1022999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "lng": 75.962500000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "On June 26, a violent clash occurs between two villages, Puthi Mangal Khan and Dhani Peeranwali, in Hansi district, India over acute water shortages. At least 12 people are reported injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5483096" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest against a bill threatening water privatization in El Salvador is suppressed by government security forces", "date": "2018", "country": "El Salvador", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.68939999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "lng": -89.1872000000000042518877307884395122528076171875, "description": "On June 14, 2018, students from El Salvador University and affiliates to the National Administration for Water Supply and Sewerage march to the Legislative Assembly in San Salvador City to protest a water bill that they claim aims to privatize water. Security forces use teargas to disperse the protesters. One injury is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7344022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clans in Pakistan clash over water supply, killing one and injuring four", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.08409999999999939745976007543504238128662109375, "lng": 68.493999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "Machi and Wadhayo clans clash over water supply and agricultural lands on June 23 in Pakistan. A youth is killed and 4 others are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5525063" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water and electric services in South Africa turn violent and leave one police officer injured", "date": "2018", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -29.683299999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "lng": 30.933299999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "description": "On June 30, Dube Village residents block a highway, burn tires, and throw stones at the police demanding service delivery of water and electricity from eThekwini Municipality in Inanda. A police officer is injured during the protest.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8009004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist fighters detonate bombs targeting the office of the Arun-III Hydropower Project, Nepal", "date": "2018", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.510400000000000630961949354968965053558349609375, "lng": 87.1940000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Suspected Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) fighters detonate three bombs targeting the office of the Arun-III Hydropower project, Nepal.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents of Tall-e Kushk, Iran clash with police after water pumps are confiscated from well; one person is killed", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.766300000000001091393642127513885498046875, "lng": 51.54520000000000123918653116561472415924072265625, "description": "In July, residents of Tall-e Kushk, Iran clash with police, objecting to the confiscation of water pumps from the wells in the village. One person was killed after the police fired a warning shot to disperse the rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6028698" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water project is attacked and workers are killed and kidnapped by suspected militant group in Libya", "date": "2018", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 25.67699999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "lng": 21.080999999999999516830939683131873607635498046875, "description": "In July 2018, Daesh militants are suspected of two attacks to workers of the Great Man-made River, a large water supply project that transports water from the Sahara desert to communities and agricultural fields in northern Libya. During the first attack four technicians from the Al-Hassouna plant are kidnapped, but later released. During the second attack two workers are killed and two guards are kidnapped.", "sources": [ "OOSKANews Correspondent 2018", "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6743748" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over water distribution in Shikarpur, Pakistan leads to more than two dozen injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.95700000000000073896444519050419330596923828125, "lng": 68.637799999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "description": "On July 15, 26 men sustain critical injuries in a clash between two groups of Sethar community in Batro area, Shikarpur, Pakistan over water distribution.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5936861" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over water used for local mining in Chile leads to a demonstration, clashes with police, and injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -31.63080000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "lng": -71.1647999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "description": "On July 19, in Salamanca, Chile near Illapel (Coquimbo), around 60 residents of Cuncumen hold a demonstration calling for the end of water usage at the Los Pelambres mine. Police clash with demonstrators; eight injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7359974" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A hydroelectric plant in Guatemala is destroyed in a dispute over local water control", "date": "2018", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.2354000000000002756905814749188721179962158203125, "lng": -90.2348999999999961119101499207317829132080078125, "description": "On July 30, in Purulha, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, community members occupy a hydroelectric plant, disarm local security, and destroy the infrastructure. The protestors claim that the hydroelectric plant is occupying lands of the community.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7342859" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A well is damaged in an attack on Kenya Defense Forces in Somalia", "date": "2018", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.1532900000000001483613232267089188098907470703125, "lng": 41.33529999999999660076355212368071079254150390625, "description": "On July 27, in an attack on Kenya Defense Forces soldiers in Dhamaso, Gedo, Somalia, a well and telecommunications equipment are damaged. No group claims responsibility for the incident; however, sources attribute the attack to Al-Shabaab.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201807270003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lack of access to potable water in the Dominican Republic leads to violent demonstrations", "date": "2018", "country": "Dominican Republic", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.566700000000000869704308570362627506256103515625, "lng": -70.8833000000000055251803132705390453338623046875, "description": "On July 9, 2018, shots are fired at the police station in Navarrete, Villa Bisono, Dominican Republic during a violent demonstration to demand improved access to potable water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7338609" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person is killed during a protest to demand potable water and electricity in Bolivar state, Venezuela", "date": "2018", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.2949999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": -62.719099999999997407940099947154521942138671875, "description": "On July 16, one person is killed in San Felix, Ciudad Guayana, Bolivar state, Venezuela during a protest to demand potable water and electric power in the city.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7758571" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests against poor water quality and services in Iraq lead to one death and several injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.693400000000000460431692772544920444488525390625, "lng": 47.7413999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "On July 10, hundreds of citizens in Al-Haritha, north of Basra, Iraq block a road in protest against poor services and the salinity of the water. One demonstrator is killed and several wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4623454" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Algeria for improved water supply and electricity leads to clashes with police and injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.96640000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "lng": 5.3421000000000002927436071331612765789031982421875, "description": "On July 22, residents of Ouargla, Algeria protest high electricity prices due to the heat wave and demand better access to tap water. Protesters clashed with police leading to several injuries. On September 15, protests expand and between 5,000 and 25,000 people demonstrate against inadequate water and sanitation infrastructure and a lack of jobs. This clash with police also leads to injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7969270" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Jaw Prison detainees routinely punished with water cuts in temperatures of up to 122°F, protesters attacked and sent to solitary confinement", "date": "2018-2019", "country": "Bahrain", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 25.992399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 50.61710000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "description": "In 2018, authorities at Jaw Prison in Bahrain reportedly impose water cuts lasting several days at a time during extreme summer heat, providing prisoners with only one cup of water a day, forcing them to drink toilet water. The prison is said to routinely use water deprivation as a form of punishment. In 2019 a prisoner is assaulted and placed into solitary confinement for protesting the outages, and in the same year a large police squad armed with dogs and shotguns is deployed to intimidate and attack prisoners demanding access to water, with their drinking water subsequently cut in retaliation. The issue continues as of 2024.", "sources": [ "Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain 2018", "Bahrain Today 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental activist in India who worked to stop a dam on the Kali River is killed", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.23799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": 74.6205000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "An environmental activist, Ajit Maneshwar Naik, is killed by a masked assailant in Dandeli, in the state of Karnataka, India, where he worked. Naik had spent years fighting against the construction of what whould have become the seventh dam on the Kali River. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Hemalatha 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seven people are hospitalized after a fight over sewage water in Pakistan", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.166100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "lng": 74.1701000000000050249582272954285144805908203125, "description": "Neighbors clash over the issue of sewage water in the street in Gujranwala City, Pakistan on August 16. Seven people are hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4613468" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two are injured during protests over water services in Miranda, Venezuela", "date": "2018", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.344500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -67.0433000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "description": "On August 16, in Los Teques, Miranda, Venezuela a group of people build barricades using burning tires and garbage bags to protest problems with water services. The riots turn more violent when a group of people clash with the municipal police with firearms. Two police officers are injured. The police arrest a group of rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7361313" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two groups clash at the water plant in Muranga, Kenya, with damage to the water supply system", "date": "2018", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -0.71660000000000001474376176702207885682582855224609375, "lng": 37.14999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "On August 27th, two groups clash at the water plant in Muranga, Kenya, with one group damaging the water supply at the plant.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5273940" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indingenous leader in Mexico known for opposition to hydroelectric projects in his region disappears ", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 18.41250000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": -96.8842000000000069803718361072242259979248046875, "description": "An indigenous leader in the Movimiento Agrario Indigena Zapatista (MAIZ) organization, Sergio Rivera Hernandez, goes missing on August 23, 2018. He had been active in working to protect the rights of indigenous communities in the state of Puebla, Mexico, where two dam projects were underway. As of September 2020, a judge ruled to acquit the three individuals who had been charged with his disappearance.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Front Line Defenders 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over the distribution of irrigation water in Pakistan injures seven", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.8455000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "lng": 69.40649999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "description": "On August 18, two groups of the Bozdar tribe clash over distribution of irrigation water in Pir Barhi village, Sindh, Pakistan using sticks, rocks, and guns. Seven people are injured and hospitalized and one person arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4613013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A police station water tank is damaged in an attack on the station in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.87160000000000081854523159563541412353515625, "lng": 74.894599999999996953192749060690402984619140625, "description": "On June 27, assailants throw a grenade at a police station in Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. No people are injured, however the station's water tank is damaged.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201806270018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attempted theft of a water pump leads to an injury and arrest", "date": "2018", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -20.44279999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": -54.646399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "On August 21 in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil a man is beaten after he tried to steal a water pump. The man was arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7439535" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State militants attack the Sarir water station in Libya and clash with government forces", "date": "2018", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.381499999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "lng": 17.457300000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "description": "In August, Libyan government forces clash with Islamic State militants near Haruj following an attack on the Sarir water station.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6738502", "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 20180" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One injury reported in protests in the Dominican Republic over access to potable water", "date": "2018", "country": "Dominican Republic", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.566700000000000869704308570362627506256103515625, "lng": -70.8833000000000055251803132705390453338623046875, "description": "On August 1, a woman is injured by gunfire during a protest in Navarrete, Bisono, Dominican Republic to demand access to potable water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7338616" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over access to water leads to one injury in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.736200000000000187583282240666449069976806640625, "lng": 76.788399999999995770849636755883693695068359375, "description": "On September 14, two families clash in Daria area of Chandigarh over getting water from a tap. A 17 year old girl was injured with a sickle in the fight.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7901182" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over irrigation water in Pakistan kills two villagers and injures three more", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.664500000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "lng": 68.001499999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "description": "On September 23, the Lanjar and Chandio tribes clash over irrigation water near Moro city (Naushahro Feroze, Sindh). Two villagers are killed and three are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5526747" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over water drainage in Pakistan kills one person", "date": "2018", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.657399999999999096189640113152563571929931640625, "lng": 68.6886999999999972033037920482456684112548828125, "description": "On September 23, two groups of the Kalhoro community clash over water drainage issues in Kholar, Sindh, Pakistan, killing one man.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8073481" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A local water system is damaged in a shootout between drug trafficking gangs in Brazil", "date": "2018", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -22.826899999999998414068613783456385135650634765625, "lng": -43.0538999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "On September 30, in Sao Goncalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil a shoot-out between drug trafficking gangs in the Minha Casa, Minda Vida complex of Joquei neighborhood damages the local water system, leaving residents without water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7438702" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A UN mission collecting water for their base in South Sudan is attacked, injuring one Nepalese peacekeeper", "date": "2018", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.094699999999999562305674771778285503387451171875, "lng": 30.677199999999999135980033315718173980712890625, "description": "On September 15th, an officer with the National Security Service of South Sudan fires at an UNMISS convoy collecting water for the UNMISS base in Yei, wounding a Nepalese peacekeeper.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7685832" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous anti-dam activist killed in the state of Nayarit, Mexico", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 21.945699999999998652810972998850047588348388671875, "lng": -104.9860000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "description": "Indigenous anti-dam activist, Margarito Diaz Gonzalez is shot and killed in the state of Nayarit, Mexico. He opposed a dam that threatened the historic territories of the Huichol Indians, also known as the Wixarika. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Associated Press 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water well hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.5160999999999997811528373858891427516937255859375, "lng": 43.17439999999999855617716093547642230987548828125, "description": "On October 10, a water well is hit during an air raid in Bait Al-Faqih District, Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A demonstration against the lack of water supply in Talara, Peru results in two injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -4.57720000000000037942982089589349925518035888671875, "lng": -81.2719000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "description": "On October 1, in Talara, Piura, Peru, hundreds of local inhabitants demonstrate against the lack of water supply in the area. Police clash with demonstrators by shooting rubber bullets and throwing tear gas, injuring two rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7378436" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water project is attacked with explosive devices in Iraq", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.26019999999999754436430521309375762939453125, "lng": 43.7118999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "On October 4, a water project in Gharib, Kirkuk, Iraq is targeted and attacked with explosive devices. No group claims responsibility for the attack; however, sources attribute the attack to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201810040002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosives detonate at a water plant in Iraq", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.2777999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 43.59429999999999694182406528852880001068115234375, "description": "On October 6, explosives detonate at a water plant in Abbasi, Kirkuk, Iraq. No group claims responsibility for the attack; however, sources attribute the attack to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201810060046" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Government employees repairing a water pipeline are attacked in Iraq", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.80120000000000146656020660884678363800048828125, "lng": 47.8918000000000034788172342814505100250244140625, "description": "On October 5, government employees from the Ministry of Transportation who are repairing a water pipeline are attacked in Shatt al-Arab, Basra, Iraq. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201810060039" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death and several injuries are reported in a clash over wastewater drainage in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.276399999999998868815964669920504093170166015625, "lng": 77.055800000000004956746124662458896636962890625, "description": "On October 29, a woman is killed and 7 others wounded in a clash over a waste water drainage in Sheharmalpur village (Panipat, Haryana), India.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5591751" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One injury is reported when Israeli forces destroy a water pipeline in Kafr Qaddum, Palestine", "date": "2018", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.22160000000000223963070311583578586578369140625, "lng": 35.14470000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "description": "On October 13, Israeli forces destroy a water pipeline in Kafr Qaddum sparking clashes with locals. An elderly woman is reportedly injured when she is hit with a tear gas canister.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5364594" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Prison inmates in Campeche, Mexico riot to protest lack of drinking water; two injuries are reported", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.915099999999998914290699758566915988922119140625, "lng": -90.4166000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "On October 24, inmates of the San Francisco Koben Social Reintegration Center, Campeche, Mexico demonstrate against the lack of drinking water supply. They clash with the Penitentiary Police for about two hours until the Campeche State Undersecretary of Public Security mediates the riot. Two injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7648292" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Member of an Indigenous rights organization in Mexico working to defend land and rivers is killed", "date": "2018", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.8407000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -95.971100000000006957634468562901020050048828125, "description": "In October 2018 a member of Comite de Defensa de Los Pueblos Indigenas (CODEDI), Noel Castillo Aguilar, is killed in Mexico. Aguilar was an active member in campaigns defending land and rivers in his home territory in the state of Oaxaca.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Davison 2018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over irrigation water leads to at least one injury in India", "date": "2018", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.1775999999999999801048033987171947956085205078125, "lng": 78.1530000000000057980287238024175167083740234375, "description": "On November 16, in Singanapalle village in Banaganapalle tehsil (Kurnool, AP), India, local political parties clash with each other over water pipes. One person is injured and hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5592715" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive device detonates at an oil pipeline, causing oil to pollute a local waterway in Colombia", "date": "2018", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.0219199999999997174882082617841660976409912109375, "lng": -72.0597000000000065256244852207601070404052734375, "description": "On November 21, an oil pipeline is attacked in Boyaca, Colombia, polluting a local waterway with oil. No group claims responsibility; however, sources attribute the attack to the National Liberation Army (ELN).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201811210002" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An oil pipeline is attacked multiple times, causing oil to flow into a local waterway in Colombia", "date": "2018", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.956179999999999807869244250468909740447998046875, "lng": -71.8726999999999947021933621726930141448974609375, "description": "On November 12, an oil pipeline is attacked four times in Arauca, Colombia, causing oil to flow into and pollute a nearby waterway. No group claims responsibility; however, sources attribute the attack to the National Liberation Army (ELN).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201811110002, 201811110030, 201811120" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes near a hospital in Hodeidah, Yemen damage building, destroy water tanks, injure patients; 149 killed in 24 hours", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.7787000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 42.9508000000000009777068044058978557586669921875, "description": "On November 11, fierce clashes between pro-Houthi and anti-Houthi National Resistance forces are reported in the direct vicinity of Al-Thawrah hospital in the south of Hodeidah city, resulting in damages to the building, including the destruction of its water tanks, and the injuring of many patients as they evacuated the hospital. On November 12, medics in hospitals across the city reported the death of 110 pro-Houthi fighters, 32 anti-Houthi fighters and 7 civilians over a 24-hour period.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8070171" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers in Qarneh, Iran destroy facilities diverting water from the city of Isfahan to neighboring Yazd province", "date": "2018", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.41810000000000258069121628068387508392333984375, "lng": 52.04549999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "description": "In mid-November, angry farmers in Qarneh demonstrate against farming water shortages and destroy facilities diverting water from the city of Isfahan to the neighboring Yazd Province, Iran. The security forces clash with the rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6028843" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported when hundreds of students protest increases in water prices in Sulawesi, Indonesia", "date": "2018", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -4.53659999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": 120.3289999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "description": "On November 30, hundreds of students protest increases in water prices in Watampone district, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Two students are injured by unknown attackers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7462749" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Taliban fighters assault and attack the Kamal Khan Dam, Afghanistan, 13 deaths and 7 injuries", "date": "2018", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.3241000000000013869794202037155628204345703125, "lng": 61.883499999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "description": "Suspected Taliban fighters assault and attack the Kamal Khan Dam, Afghanistan, killing twelve guards. One attacker is killed and seven are wounded.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water coolers at a mosque are poisoned in Iraq", "date": "2018", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.044399999999999550936990999616682529449462890625, "lng": 46.2614999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "description": "On December 5, an unknown assailant poisons water coolers at a mosque in Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201812050004" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tank hit during air raid in Yemen", "date": "2018", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3736999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "lng": 42.5634000000000014551915228366851806640625, "description": "On December 10, a water tank is hit during an air raid in Kamaran District, Hudaydah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers at a pumping station in Libya are threatened by attackers with firearms", "date": "2018", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.57690000000000196678229258395731449127197265625, "lng": 12.9268000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "On December 18, attackers with firearms enter the Hasawneh pumping station and threaten workers in Jafara, Libya. No casualties are reported but valuables are stolen during the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201812180008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four water wells are attacked in Libya", "date": "2018", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.57359999999999899955582804977893829345703125, "lng": 12.9125999999999994116706147906370460987091064453125, "description": "On December 9, four water wells are attacked in Libya. No group claims responsibility for the attacks.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201812090005, 201812090006, 201812090" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported during protests to demand potable water, food, and energy in Lara state, Venezuela", "date": "2018", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.0266000000000001790567694115452468395233154296875, "lng": -69.26200000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "On December 17, in the Palavecino municipality in Lara state, Venezuela residents from several communities protest to demand the distribution of food, domestic gas, and potable water. State police officers use force against protesters by shooting pellets and tear gas to disperse the protest. Pregnant women and the elderly are reportedly beaten by police officers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7362053, 7362078" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "37 killed in herder-farmer conflict over water and land resources in Mali", "date": "2019", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.8969000000000004746425474877469241619110107421875, "lng": -3.311170000000000168682845469447784125804901123046875, "description": "Thirty-seven civilians are killed in the ongoing conflict between herders and farmers who are fighting over access to water and land resources in central Mali.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Press (AFP) 2019c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "50,000 people flee their homes in central Mali as conflict escalates over land and water", "date": "2019", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.570699999999998652810972998850047588348388671875, "lng": -3.99617000000000022197355065145529806613922119140625, "description": "A series of massacres in central Mali, fueled by conflict over land and water resources, causes 50,000 people to flee their homes.", "sources": [ "Webb 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over the price of water leads to deadly clashes in Sudan", "date": "2019", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.024300000000000210320649784989655017852783203125, "lng": 35.3684999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "description": "A woman was killed in a dispute over the price of water in El Gedaref, Sudan. This violent clash triggers more fighting between familial groups, leading to at least eight more deaths and dozens of injuries.", "sources": [ "Dabanga 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A grandmother and her grandson are beaten when seeking water from a private well", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.86489999999999866986399865709245204925537109375, "lng": 79.019000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "A grandmother and her grandson in Badhauli village, Sultanpur, UP, India insist on being allowed to use a private well to get water. The well owner refuses and sends men to beat the grandmother and grandson with sticks, injuring them both. The owner is concerned that his well cannot provide water to the entire village and therefore, he does not want to provide water to anyone.", "sources": [ "Indo-Asian News Service 2019", "ACLED ID: 6071375" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A man is stabbed by his neighbor over a water sharing dispute in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.0827000000000008839151632855646312236785888671875, "lng": 80.270700000000005047695594839751720428466796875, "description": "A man is stabbed by his neighbor over a water sharing dispute in Chennai, India. Current drought and water supply management problems have led to lack of water for millions living in the city.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A violent demonstration over access to water in Panquehue, Chile ends in the destruction of a local water system", "date": "2019", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -32.771399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "lng": -70.8361000000000018417267710901796817779541015625, "description": "A group of citizens demonstrated violently in Panquehue, Chile in the Valparaiso Region. The group destroyed water facilities used for farming claiming that drought and industrial use is leading to water shortages for local residents.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6939510" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 11 people are killed in a conflict over access to water between pastoralists and farmers near the Kenya-Ethiopia border", "date": "2019", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.59626000000000001222133505507372319698333740234375, "lng": 38.394599999999996953192749060690402984619140625, "description": "A deadly flight between farmers and pastoralists over a watering point near the Kenyan-Ethiopian border leaves eleven people dead, two injured, and four missing.", "sources": [ "Charles 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Caste violence in India continues, with access to water and water resources being regular triggers or casualties of conflict", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 19.75150000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "lng": 75.713899999999995316102285869419574737548828125, "description": "Marginalized socioeconomic groups, known as \"Dalits\" in the Hindu-based caste system, experience threats, torture, and violence when seeking access to water in Maharashtra, India. Dalit women are targets of violence in particular. Additionally, water sources used by Dalits are at times purposely contaminated with human excrement. ", "sources": [ "Ghanekar 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chilean social unrest tied to cost of living -- including water and power -- and inequality turn violent", "date": "2019", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -33.44890000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": -70.6693000000000068894223659299314022064208984375, "description": "Protests in Chile include general civil unrest and reflect dissatisfaction in social and economic inequality, including the price of water and other utilities. Protests grow and turn violent with thousands injured and several dying during clashes with security forces.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators protesting over water, electricity, and jobs attacked by Iraqi security forces, with over 100 deaths", "date": "2019", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.31739999999999923829818726517260074615478515625, "lng": 44.39289999999999736246536485850811004638671875, "description": "Iraqi citizens publicly demonstrating to protest ongoing water, electricity, and job challenges are met with violent repression by Iraqi security forces. Over 100 people are killed within the first seven days of protests.", "sources": [ "Karam and Abdul-Zahra 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Disputes between herders and farmers over access to water lead to growing violence in Chad", "date": "2019", "country": "Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.1318999999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "lng": 18.253299999999999414512785733677446842193603515625, "description": "Herders and farmers who used to coexist peacefully are now inflicting deadly wounds on each other over fights driven by water shortages in the Sahel region of Chad.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2019a", "AFP/VOA 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Eco-vandalism disrupts water diversions", "date": "2019", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 39.7982999999999975671016727574169635772705078125, "lng": -105.7780000000000057980287238024175167083740234375, "description": "A water diversion system in the Colorado Rocky Mountains near Berthoud Pass is vandalized, disrupting water deliveries for several days. The act is suspected to be linked to ongoing tensions over water diversions from the Colorado River basin to Denver and other Front Range communities. ", "sources": [ "Smith 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "India responds to deadly attack by threatening to curtal water deliveries to Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.76950000000000073896444519050419330596923828125, "lng": 76.58039999999999736246536485850811004638671875, "description": "An attack by a Pakistan-based group that killed at least 40 Indian soldiers has worsened tensions between the two countries, prompting Indian leaders to threaten to curtail water deliveries from rivers flowing into Pakistan. Curtailment of water deliveries could undermine the 1960 Indus Water Treaty, which stipulates the sharing of water resources between the two countries.", "sources": [ "Al Jazeera 2019", "TheNewArab 2019", "Johnson 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous activist killed at home for opposing Proyecto Integral Morelos, which threatened local water resources", "date": "2019", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.7436000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "lng": -98.7710000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "description": "Samir Flores Soberanes, an indigenous environmental activist from Mexico, is killed in his home for his opposition to the Proyecto Integral Morelos, a thermoelectric plant and pipeline that threatened local water and land resources. The Moreles state prosecutor claims that the murder has nothing to do with the thermoelectric plant project. The People's Front in Defense of the Land and Water for the states of Morelos, Puebla and Tlaxcala (FPDTA) state that the only enemies that Soberanes had were those involved with the project. ", "sources": [ "Agren 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel reportedly cuts off water supplies to approximately 1500 Palestinians", "date": "2019", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.532599999999998630073605454526841640472412109375, "lng": 35.0998000000000018872015061788260936737060546875, "description": "Palestine News Network reports a water shut off to 17 Palestinian communities in Hebron, West Bank. The report suggests that the shut off was a purposeful act by Israel to force the movement of local Palestinians out of their homes to make room for more Israeli settlements.", "sources": [ "Sputnik 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kenyan school water tank poisoned", "date": "2019", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": -0.65909899999999999042898934931145049631595611572265625, "lng": 37.3826999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "A water tank at a primary school in Kirinyaga County, Kenya, is vandalized and poisoned. No one was harmed by the poisoned water. ", "sources": [ "Munene 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "More than 130 killed in Mali in conflict between hunters and herders over land and water", "date": "2019", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.887100000000000221689333557151257991790771484375, "lng": -4.07002000000000041524117477820254862308502197265625, "description": "More than 130 people are killed in the conflict between hunter and herder communities in Mali. In this instance, Dogon hunters are accused of attacking Fulani herders.", "sources": [ "TRT World 2019", "Insiders Newsletter 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mortar shells are fired severely damaging a water tanker", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.93169999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "lng": 43.48310000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "description": "Pro-Houthi forces reportedly fire mortar shells near the city of Hays in the south of Hodeidah Governorate, western Yemen. Several houses and a water tanker are severely damaged by shrapnel. At least one civilian is injured in the shelling.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4567255" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Numerous fights, including attacks on water tankers, break out over access to water in Madhya Pradesh, India during severe heat ", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.973400000000001597300069988705217838287353515625, "lng": 78.6568999999999931560523691587150096893310546875, "description": "Water shortages in Madhya Pradesh, India intensify during a heat wave, leading to numerous violent conflicts among Indian civilians. In one instance in Khajrana a water truck driver is beaten. In another instance in Panna, eight people are injured during a fight. The local government responds to the violence by ordering police to escort water trucks.", "sources": [ "Times of India 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death reported in a fight over water in southern India during a severe heat wave", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.1272000000000002017941369558684527873992919921875, "lng": 78.6568999999999931560523691587150096893310546875, "description": "In Tamil Nadu, India, a 33 year old man dies as the result of a fight that broke out over water. India is experiencing a heat wave with temperatures reaching higher than 50 degrees C/120 degrees F.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2019b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One Israeli killed and two others injured at a spring in the West Bank", "date": "2019", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.981700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 35.28190000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "A homemade bomb explodes at a spring, killing an Israeli teenager and injuring her father and brother. Springs in the occupied West Bank area have become hotspots for conflict between Israeli and Palestinian citizens who both visit during the summer while seeking to cool off from the heat.", "sources": [ "Chronicle News Service 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One man stabs six others in a fight over water shortages in Ranchi, India during severe heat wave", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.344100000000000960653778747655451297760009765625, "lng": 85.3096000000000032059688237495720386505126953125, "description": "In Ranchi, India, one man stabs six other people due to water shortages. India is experiencing a heat wave with temperatures reaching higher than 50 degrees C/120 degrees F.", "sources": [ "Agence France-Presse (AFP) 2019b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistan claims India's unexpected release of water from a dam is an act of war", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 30.508199999999998652810972998850047588348388671875, "lng": 73.4197999999999950659912428818643093109130859375, "description": "India releases water from a dam on the River Sutlej, causing moderate flooding downstream in Pakistan. India claims that the release is a \"routine exercise\" during monsoon season. The release and resultant flooding are seen as an act of war by Pakistan. This incident adds to the already strained relations between the two countries which have been at odds since February 2019 when 40 Indian parliamentary police were killed by a suicide bomb in Kashmir.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests over water, electricity, and university fees in the Democratic Republic of Congo turn violent; four deaths reported", "date": "2019", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -11.6595999999999992979837770690210163593292236328125, "lng": 27.47409999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Students from the University of Lubumbashi demonstrate over water, electricity, and fees. The demonstrators barricade roads, block access to the university, and burn tires and vehicles. Police forces opened fire on the demonstrators, killing three. A police officer also dies after being hit by a police car.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7844120" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shrapnel damages a water pipeline, leaving more than three million people without water", "date": "2019", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.30709999999999837427822058089077472686767578125, "lng": 38.0296000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "description": "Shrapnel from an exploding shells damages a pipeline in the Siverski Donetsk-Donbass channel near Horlivka, Ukraine. The damages leave 3 million civilians on both sides of the conflict with either unreliable or no water supplies.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water supply to Tripoli, Libya is cut off during war", "date": "2019", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.88719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 13.1913000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "The water supply serving Tripoli, Libya's capital city, is cut off by gunmen that force employees managing the system to turn off the flow of water. The war is between Libya's National Army and UN-backed forces and has been ongoing since 2014.", "sources": [ "Elumami 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkey forces destroy Syrian power lines, leaving a city without water", "date": "2019", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.50789999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "lng": 40.74629999999999796500560478307306766510009765625, "description": "The Syrian city Al Hasakeh is left without water after Turkish military forces destroy power lines in the area. The attack also leaves at least 11 civilians dead and causes damage to other infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Save the Children 2019", "British Broadcasting Corporation 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two men are seriously injured in clash over access to water in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.4806999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "lng": 80.5113999999999947476680972613394260406494140625, "description": "Two men are seriously injured in a clash over water in Krishna Nagar Colony, India.", "sources": [ "Times of India 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people shot while protesting water and electricity shortages in Caracas", "date": "2019", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.4807000000000005712763595511205494403839111328125, "lng": -66.9035999999999972942532622255384922027587890625, "description": "Two people are shot by police and paramilitary groups responding to the protests of citizens who have been without electricity or water for several weeks as a result of ongoing political fighting at that national level in Venezuela.", "sources": [ "Hernandez and Zuniga 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence erupts in rural Ghana between Chokosis and Bimobas communities as groups fight over land and access to water resources", "date": "2019", "country": "Ghana", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.1394000000000001904254531837068498134613037109375, "lng": 0.29253099999999998548361190842115320265293121337890625, "description": "In Chereponi district, Ghana, houses are burned to the ground, animals are killed, and many flee as violence erupts along ethnic lines between Chokosis and Bimobas peoples who are fighting over land and water resources.", "sources": [ "GhanaWeb 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipeline for Amman Jordan sabotaged", "date": "2019", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 31.95400000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "lng": 35.9106000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "description": "The Disi Water Conveyance Project, a pipeline sending over half of the water supply to Amman, Jordan, and the surrounding area, is sabotaged over 60 times in 2019, at times disrupting supply for five days. Rural communities that are experiencing extremely high rates of unemployment are thought to be behind the sabotage.", "sources": [ "Namrouqa 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water resources engineers from the Iraq Ministry of Water Resources are attacked while opening waterways to flood a marsh", "date": "2019", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.8355999999999994543031789362430572509765625, "lng": 47.14479999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "description": "An team of engineers working on flood prevention from the Ministry of Water Resources in Missan Province, Iraq is attacked by an unidentified armed group while opening waterways to turn a flood into the areas of the central marsh. One death and one injury are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7098106" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortages linked to child kidnappings in South Sudan", "date": "2019", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.93653999999999992809307514107786118984222412109375, "lng": 34.2839000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "Local authorities cite water shortages as a growing influence on the number child kidnappings in the Boma region of South Sudan. When there is a water shortage, shepherding communities spend more time on the move seeking water for their livestock, but, as a side business, they will also abduct children who can then be resold for profit.", "sources": [ "Trew 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water station serving 80,000 people damaged in Syria", "date": "2019", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.4403999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "lng": 36.820099999999996498445398174226284027099609375, "description": "A water station in Basida, Idlib Governorate, Syria, serving 80,000 people is damaged by ongoing violence.", "sources": [ "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence in northwest Syria damages civilian infrastructure including 29 individual water systems", "date": "2019", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.86209999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "lng": 36.75970000000000226236807066015899181365966796875, "description": "From January through July 2019 violence in northwest Syria leaves civilian infrastructure damaged and destroyed including at least 29 water stations serving approximately 610,000 people.", "sources": [ "US Agency for International Development 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "9 water workers killed, 26 injured, in ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine", "date": "2019", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.1698999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "lng": 38.01530000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "Nine water workers are killed and 26 are injured since the start of 2019 through July in the ongoing conflict in the eastern region of the Ukraine. Additionally 58 sanitation facilities are damaged or destroyed.", "sources": [ "UNICEF 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water well is shelled causing material damages in Yemen", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.0724999999999997868371792719699442386627197265625, "lng": 43.1589000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "On January 5th, pro-Houthi forces shell a mosque and a water well in the Al Jabaliyah area of At Tuhayat district, Yemen, causing material damages. No injuries nor fatalities are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5183989" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed clash erupts over water and grazing land near Afmadow, Somalia", "date": "2019", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.51719999999999999307220832633902318775653839111328125, "lng": 42.070999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "description": "On January 16 an armed clash erupts between Bartire and Mohamed Zuber clan militias over water and grazing land near Afmadow town. There are several casualties on both sides during the clashes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6134960" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attempt to plant an explosive device in a water channel in Yemen results in one death", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.5508000000000006224354365258477628231048583984375, "lng": 44.0570000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "description": "On January 11, assailants attempt to plant an explosive device in the Qamt water channel and open fire on security forces in Taizz, Yemen. One assailant is killed. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201901110035" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fatalities and injuries are reported in a clan fight over access to water wells and land", "date": "2019", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.76029999999999997584154698415659368038177490234375, "lng": 46.32220000000000226236807066015899181365966796875, "description": "On January 15, clan militias in Somalia fight over water wells and land in the area. There are reports of fatalities and injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6134973" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five people are injured in a clash over sharing irrigation water in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.5962999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": 87.803100000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "description": "On February 22, five persons are injured in a clash between two groups of farmers over sharing irrigation water at Singhi village near Bolpur (Birbhum, West Bengal), India. They use bamboo sticks and crude bombs in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5599166" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person is killed during a protest over the lack of water in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa", "date": "2019", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -30.2667000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 29.933299999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "description": "On February 27, protesters blocked a road in Umzimkhulu, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa protesting the lack of water. Two protesters are shot and one killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 4557854" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) detonate three explosive devices at the Arun III Dam’s powerhouse, Nepal", "date": "2019", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.510600000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "lng": 87.1941000000000059344529290683567523956298828125, "description": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) detonate three explosive-laden pressure cookers at the Arun III Dam’s powerhouse, Nepal, damaging a generator.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected New People’s Army fighters set fire to construction equipment at the Kaliwa Dam construction site, Philippines", "date": "2019", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.699400000000000687805368215776979923248291015625, "lng": 121.599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "On February 8, assailants set construction equipment at a dam construction site on fire in Maysaysay, Quezon, Philippines. No group claims responsibility; however, sources attribute the attack to the New People's Army (NPA).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201902080001", "U.S. Department of Home" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over sewage water discharge leads to one death in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.1153999999999992809307514107786118984222412109375, "lng": 77.354500000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "On March 18, in Kalakkad (Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu), India, a dispute over sewage water discharge leads to one death.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5600470" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over sewage water discharge leads to two deaths and four injuries in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.24170000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 76.6143000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "On March 30, two groups clash over the drainage of dirty water in Lisana village (Rewari, Haryana), India. Two persons are killed and four others injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5601051" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Air raid hits water truck and causes four civilian fatalities in Yemen", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.00430000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "lng": 45.464799999999996771293808706104755401611328125, "description": "On March 4, a water truck is hit in an air raid in Al-Sawadiyah District, Bayda, Yemen. Four civilians are also killed in the raid.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assailants attack schools, houses, trucks transporting drinking water and other infrastructure in Yemen", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.238800000000001233502189279533922672271728515625, "lng": 43.455500000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "In early March, assailants use guns to attack schools, houses, trucks transporting drinking water, and other infrastructure in Al-Abaysa, Hajjah, Yemen. No group claims responsibility for the incident; however, sources attribute the attack to Houthi extremists. ", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201903080004, 201903090040" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported during demonstrations against the lack of water and electricity in Caracas, Venezuela", "date": "2019", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.482900000000000773070496506989002227783203125, "lng": -66.9035999999999972942532622255384922027587890625, "description": "On March 31, a protest is held in San Jose de Cotiza, in Caracas, Venezuela to protest blackouts and the interruption of water services. The protest is met by officials of the Faes, the National Guard, and armed militias of the ruling party. Two people are reportedly wounded by bullets.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7556979" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported during demonstrations against the lack of water and electricity in Maracay, Venezuela", "date": "2019", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.2354000000000002756905814749188721179962158203125, "lng": -67.5910999999999972942532622255384922027587890625, "description": "On March 31, residents of Maracay, Aragua state, Venezuela protest blackouts and the lack of water. Five are wounded amid demonstrations.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6942744" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One farmer is killed and three others injured in armed clash over access to water in Bangladesh", "date": "2019", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.4461000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": 91.094099999999997407940099947154521942138671875, "description": "On March 16, a farmer is stabbed and killed and three others injured in an armed clash between two groups of villagers at Dhaki village, Mithamain, Bangladesh over a water body dispute.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5587875" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors trying to stop the diversion of floodwaters in Iran clash with Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; one protestor dies", "date": "2019", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.563500000000001222133505507372319698333740234375, "lng": 48.1895999999999986584953148849308490753173828125, "description": "On March 4, clashes break out between Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) forces and protestors trying to stop the diversion of floodwaters in Dashte Azadegan, Iran. One protestor reportedly dies after being shot by IRGC forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5553643" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two herders are killed at water points in Kenya", "date": "2019", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.73050000000000003819167204710538499057292938232421875, "lng": 39.17240000000000321733750752173364162445068359375, "description": "On March 24th, two herders are killed at water points at the border of Isiolo and Garissa counties, Kenya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6360549" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers clash over a water connection in Pakistan, injuring one", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.904099999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "lng": 67.052199999999999135980033315718173980712890625, "description": "On March 3, workers of PPP and PTI clash in Liaquatabad town, Karachi, Pakistan over water connections. At least one individual is reported injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7551668" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man threatened and killed for working land claimed to be owned by a hydropower company in Honduras", "date": "2019", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.3327000000000008839151632855646312236785888671875, "lng": -88.1633000000000066620486904866993427276611328125, "description": "A man is threatened and killed in March 2019 for working on the land that was allegedly owned by DESA, the hydropower company in Honduras responsible for the Agua Zarca Dam project. The man, Olban Adonay Gómez García, was the son of a leader of the community resistance to the Agua Zarca hydroelectric project that is associated with the murder of Berta Caceras and several of ther local activists.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Business & Human Rights Resource Centre n.d.-b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "National leader Dilma Ferreira Silva, working for policy reform to support people affected by dams, is murdered in Brazil", "date": "2019", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -3.766420000000000101181285572238266468048095703125, "lng": -49.66940000000000310365066980011761188507080078125, "description": "The leader of an effort to establish national policy in Brazil that would guarantee the rights of people affected by dams, Dilma Ferreira Silva, was murdered, along with her husband and their friend, in March 2019. Sra. Silva had been personally displaced by a dam in her childhood and had spent her life advocating for rights for her family and the river.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Agenzia fides 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A former employee takes control of a Kansas-based water company's computers to remotely to alter the treatment of drinking water", "date": "2019", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 38.731999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": -98.228399999999993497112882323563098907470703125, "description": "In March 2019, the public water utility in Ellsworth County, Kansas, is the target of malicious action by a former employee who takes control of the company’s systems remotely to alter the treatment of drinking water intended for the population.", "sources": [ "Boubaker 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling and airstrikes destroy water supply systems in Tripoli during ongoing war in Libya", "date": "2019", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.88719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 13.1913000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Heavy shelling and airstrikes between April and June of 2019 destroy water infrastructure in Tripoli, Libya.", "sources": [ "International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over access to local water leads to gunfire and injuries in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.684200000000000585487214266322553157806396484375, "lng": 74.744200000000006411937647499144077301025390625, "description": "On April 17, two rival groups, including a local official, clash at Kotla Doom village (Amritsar, Punjab) in a dispute over a village pond water/land. Both groups accused the other of gunfire, with two persons injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7047279" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 12 people are injured in a clash over rainwater drainage pipes in Haryana, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.798700000000000187583282240666449069976806640625, "lng": 76.9181999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "description": "On April 19, two groups of residents clash over the laying of rainwater drainage pipes in Mollewali village in Pinjore sub-division (Panchkula, Haryana), India. At least 12 injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7417707" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five are hurt when a car hits them during a demonstration over lack of drinking water in Miranda state, Venezuela", "date": "2019", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.344500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -67.0433000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "description": "On April 10, five are hurt when a car tries to run them down during a demonstration demanding water in San Diego de los Altos, Los Teques, Miranda state, Venezuela.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6942434" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Chittoor, India, five people are injured in a dispute over a panchayat (village council) water connection", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.873300000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "lng": 78.2938999999999936107997200451791286468505859375, "description": "On April 27, in Gudupalle Mandal area (Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh), two groups clash over a panchayat water connection at Alugumanupalle. Five persons are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5604612" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death and eight injuries reported in a dispute over grazing and water access in South Sudan", "date": "2019", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.248599999999999710098563809879124164581298828125, "lng": 28.684200000000000585487214266322553157806396484375, "description": "On April 15th, clashes break out between pastoralists in the area of Manya , South Sudan in an apparent dispute over grazing and water access in the area. One person dies and eight are injured in the violence.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7212045" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person is killed in a clash over the distribution of irrigation water in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.71650000000000346744855050928890705108642578125, "lng": 74.8341999999999956116880639456212520599365234375, "description": "On April 8, a youth was killed during a clash between groups from two villages in Shopian district (Jammu and Kashmir), India over the distribution of irrigation water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5602334" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One reported killed during protests over the lack of water and power services in Zulia state, Venezuela", "date": "2019", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.5422999999999991160848367144353687763214111328125, "lng": -71.5177000000000049340087571181356906890869140625, "description": "On April 5, in Santa Rita, Zulia state, Venezuela a man is shot dead by police and military officers during a protest demanding basic services such as electric power and potable water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7758755" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water system is destroyed in an attack in the Philippines", "date": "2019", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.6364999999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "lng": 122.90399999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "On May 4, Cambalidio, Camarines Sur, Philippines is attacked; while no casualties are reported, a water system is destroyed in the incident. No group claims responsibility; however, sources attribute the attack to the New People's Army (NPA).", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201905040041" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A woman is killed in a clash over the sharing of drinking water in Kurnool, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.827600000000000335376171278767287731170654296875, "lng": 78.0337999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "description": "On May 10, in Kurnool district (Andhra Pradesh), India a woman is killed during a clash between two families over sharing of drinking water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5188422, 5197337" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflict over local drinking water leads to two injuries in Nepal", "date": "2019", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.00240000000000151203494169749319553375244140625, "lng": 84.6200999999999936562744551338255405426025390625, "description": "On May 19, a group of people beat up a couple in Khamari locality of Siranchowk Rural Municipality near Gorkha, Nepal for blocking the registration of the drinking water source of the village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7161427" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During one of four attacks in the area, water tunnels and bridges are blown up in Yemen", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.911699999999999732835931354202330112457275390625, "lng": 44.6666000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "On May 29, water tunnels and bridges are blown up in one of four attacks in Ad Dali, Yemen. No group claims responsibility for the incident; however, sources attribute the attack to Houthi extremists.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201905290035" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "On two days in May, assailants set fire to water tankers and other vehicles at construction sites in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.84649999999999891997504164464771747589111328125, "lng": 80.4304000000000058889781939797103404998779296875, "description": "On May 8 and again on May 12, assailants set fire to water tankers and other construction vehicles and a building in Maharashtra, India. Maoists are suspected to be responsible for the attacks.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201905080014, 201905120043" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six Dalits are injured in a clash over access to drinking water in Mainpuri, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.228500000000000369482222595252096652984619140625, "lng": 79.0288000000000039335645851679146289825439453125, "description": "On May 28, six Dalits, a marginalized socioeconomic group, were injured in an attack in Mainpuri (Uttar Pradesh), India over drinking water from a tube well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5210722" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two injuries are reported during protests over the lack of access to water in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa", "date": "2019", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -29.61670000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 30.38329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "On May 20, residents from Henley Village, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa demonstrate over lack of access to water. Police use rubber bullets and teargas to disperse the crowds. Two demonstrators are injured and one is hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8008775" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Boko Haram fighters assault the Alou Dam, Nigeria killing 20", "date": "2019", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.722899999999999209876477834768593311309814453125, "lng": 13.278999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "description": "Suspected Boko Haram fighters attack the Alou Dam in Nigeria, killing at least 20 civilians.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seven people injured during dispute over water supply in Rajasthan, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.81790000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "lng": 76.731300000000004501998773775994777679443359375, "description": "On June 6, residents of two villages near Kishangarh Bas (Alwar district, Rajasthan), India clash with each other following a dispute over water supply in the neighborhood. 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The state has been facing water shortages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7550619" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six injuries are reported in a dispute over water in Mundera, Madhya Pradesh, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.1340000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 80.0058999999999969077180139720439910888671875, "description": "On June 8, locals residents attack each other following a dispute over water at Mundera village of Lavkush Nagar Tehsil (Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh). Six people are injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5214204" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two are injured in a fight over irrigation water scheduling in Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.875800000000001688249540165998041629791259765625, "lng": 68.4133000000000066620486904866993427276611328125, "description": "On June 22, unidentified men attack and injure two people over irrigation water rotation scheduling, in Hamo Pota village, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5545720" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people accused on stealing water pumps are beaten in Guatemala", "date": "2019", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.6305999999999993832489053602330386638641357421875, "lng": -90.6067000000000035697667044587433338165283203125, "description": "On June 27, in Zona 8, Mixco Town, Guatemala, two people who allegedly stole water pumps are beaten by a group of local inhabitants.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7410510" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two people are injured in a water dispute in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.7179000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": 75.8332999999999941564965411089360713958740234375, "description": "In early June, a clash over water occurs between two groups in Indore (Madhya Pradesh), India. Two people are injured in the encounter.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7418605" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over the use of water resources turns violent in Kyrgyzstan", "date": "2019", "country": "Kyrgyzstan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.89609999999999701003616792149841785430908203125, "lng": 69.368799999999993133315001614391803741455078125, "description": "On June 9, about 30 residents of Ak-Suu, Kyrgyzstan reportedly attack a couple because of conflicts over water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6195499" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A projectile is launched at a desalination plant in Saudi Arabia", "date": "2019", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.72169999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": 42.0253000000000014324541552923619747161865234375, "description": "On June 19, a projectile is launched at a desalination plant in Shuqaiq, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Houthi extremists claim responsibility for the incident.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201906190010" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water dispute in Pakistan results in one death and other injuries", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.894400000000000972022462519817054271697998046875, "lng": 66.4681000000000068439476308412849903106689453125, "description": "On June 26, two tribal sub-clans attack each other with weapons and knives over a water dispute in Jangal Pir Alizai, Balochistan, Pakistan resulting in one fatality and injuries to two others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5545782" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank is targeted in an attack on the Somali National Army in Somalia", "date": "2019", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.619749999999999801048033987171947956085205078125, "lng": 44.89370000000000260342858382500708103179931640625, "description": "On June 9, a water tank is targeted in an attack on the Somali National Army by Al-Shabaab, near Wanlaweyne, Lower Shebelle, Somalia.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201906090020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Eight people are injured in a fight over water in Pawai, Madhya Pradesh, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.266300000000001091393642127513885498046875, "lng": 80.16190000000000281943357549607753753662109375, "description": "On June 5, residents of Pawai village (Panna district, Madhya Pradesh), India attack each other following a dispute over water. Eight people were injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5214069" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In an attack on a convoy escorting food and water supplies, at least three are killed and one injured in Burkina Faso", "date": "2019", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.0972000000000008412825991399586200714111328125, "lng": -0.6963660000000000405151467930409125983715057373046875, "description": "On June 24, in an attack on a convoy escorting food and water supplies in Burkina Faso, at least three people are killed and one is injured. 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The victim sustains severe injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5220363" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist detonate an explosive device at the Upper Karnali Hydropower Project dam in Nepal", "date": "2019", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 28.89920000000000044337866711430251598358154296875, "lng": 81.4874999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "he Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) detonate an explosive device at the Upper Karnali Hydropower Project dam construction site in Nepal.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An unidentified group sets fire to machinery and leaves an explosive device at a hydropower project in Nepal", "date": "2019", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.415800000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "lng": 86.626000000000004774847184307873249053955078125, "description": "An unidentified group of attackers set fire to machinery and leave an explosive device at the Solukhola Dudhkoshi Hydropower Project in Bhadaure, Nepal.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ten are injured in a dispute over irrigation water in Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.742399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 67.5855999999999994543031789362430572509765625, "description": "On July 6, two groups of Janwri community attack each other with sticks and metal rods over the rotation of water in Gharo village, Pakistan. Ten men are injured during the incident.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5555813" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three people injured in a dispute over access to drinking water in Kyrgyzstan", "date": "2019", "country": "Kyrgyzstan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 42.8113000000000027966962079517543315887451171875, "lng": 75.4352999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "In July, violence over access to drinking water is reported in the Iskrinsk district, Chui region of Kyrgyzstan. Several people are reported hospitalized. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6196207, 8359742" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two are killed and one injured when an explosive device detonates targeting police transporting water in Afghanistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.373199999999997089616954326629638671875, "lng": 66.3530999999999977490006131120026111602783203125, "description": "On July 13, a explosive device targeting a police truck transporting water detonates, killing two and injuring one in Miya Nishin district, Kandahar, Afghanistan. No group claim responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201907130028" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence between Hindu and Muslim farmers over irrigation water in Uttar Pradesh, India leads to one injury and two arrests", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.183299999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "lng": 78.0165999999999968395059113390743732452392578125, "description": "Around July 15, Hindus and Muslims clash in Semra village (Agra district, Uttar Pradesh), India over a farm field water channel. Two people are arrested and one injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5999090" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute related to access to clean water in Haiti leads to multiple deaths and arrests", "date": "2019", "country": "Haiti", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.448100000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "lng": -73.38700000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "On July 1, shots are fired at protestors demanding clean drinking water, killing two near Petite-Riviere de Nippes and Anse-a-Veau, Haiti. Unidentified people fire back, killing four more. 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Six people are killed and three others sustain injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7259519" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over water shortage in Clifton, Karachi injures 7, including 2 police officers; 40+ demonstrators arrested", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.816700000000000869704308570362627506256103515625, "lng": 67.03329999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "On July 28, at least five people are injured in a clash between local activists, government representatives, and local political parties in Clifton town, Karachi, Pakistan over shortage of water and failure to maintain city's sewerage. Police intervene to disperse the demonstrators and arrest more than 40 demonstrators. Two police officers are also injured in the incident.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7546083" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike hits water tank in Saada, Yemen", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.0371999999999985675458447076380252838134765625, "lng": 43.7727000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "description": "On July 9, an airstrike by Coalition forces hits a water tank in Razih District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An irrigation water dispute kills one in Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.95700000000000073896444519050419330596923828125, "lng": 68.637799999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "description": "On July 23, the family of members of a Junejo community individual who was killed in a irrigation water dispute burn tires, block Sukkur-Larkana highway, and hold a sit-in along with the victim's body in Shikarpur district, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5669080" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators in Tunisia wreck water pipes to a neighboring town, protesting water service interruptions", "date": "2019", "country": "Tunisia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 35.3299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": 9.413000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Around July 3 in Jelma, Tunisia, demonstrators wreck water pipes delivering water to neighboring towns, demonstrating against water service interruptions.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5578770" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosive device detonates near a water facility in Iraq, killing one civilian", "date": "2019", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.49940000000000139834810397587716579437255859375, "lng": 43.23490000000000321733750752173364162445068359375, "description": "On July 9, 2019, an explosive device detonates near a water facility in Shirqat, Saladin, Iraq, killing one civilian. No group claims responsibility for the incident.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201907090008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers in the Punjab, India fight over irrigation water. One injury is reported", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.581199999999999050714905024506151676177978515625, "lng": 74.557199999999994588506524451076984405517578125, "description": "On July 21, farmers fight in Lubanianwali village (Muktsar, Punjab) after a farmer stops rainwater flow from a pipe. One person is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5668459" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers stop the main water pumping station in El Hamma, Tunisia, disrupting local drinking water supply", "date": "2019", "country": "Tunisia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 33.89150000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "lng": 9.7963000000000004519051799434237182140350341796875, "description": "On July 22, farmers hold a demonstration and stop the main water pumping station in El Hamma, causing disruptions of drinking water in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5663171" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death and several injuries are reported during a protest over lack of water and other services in Sao Paulo, Brazil", "date": "2019", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -22.967800000000000437694325228221714496612548828125, "lng": -46.99479999999999790816218592226505279541015625, "description": "On July 18 in Valinhos, Sao Paulo, Brazil approximately 400 people protest the lack of water and inadequate school and health assistance in the Marielle Vive Camp. A supporter of Jair Bolsonaro drives a truck through the crowd, killing an elderly man and injuring five people, including a journalist.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6925533" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death is reported in dispute over water at a public tap in Andhra Pradesh, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.298899999999999721467247582040727138519287109375, "lng": 83.8974999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "On July 15, a woman is killed during a clash over water between two groups at a public tap in the Srikakulam district (Andhra Pradesh), India.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5615664" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One injury is reported in a fight over drainage water in Devsar town, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.6336000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": 75.0810000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "description": "On July 5, two families fight over a water drainage issue in Devsar town (Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir), India. One injury is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5549508" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over water rotation in Pakistan leads to one death", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.645700000000001494981916039250791072845458984375, "lng": 68.4996000000000009322320693172514438629150390625, "description": "On August 29, two groups of the Marri community attack each other with axes over a water rotation dispute in Dilshad village near Golarchi town, Pakistan, resulting in one fatality.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5932538" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest over delays to repair of water and sanitation infrastructure in Pakistan leads to injuries", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.197800000000000864019966684281826019287109375, "lng": 71.4697000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "On August 16, locals reportedly attack and injure four Water and Sanitation Authority staff at Gulberg Colony in Multan city, Punjab, Pakistan over delays in repair work.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5931854" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank and a vehicle are damaged in an attack on a House Assembly member in Zimbabwe", "date": "2019", "country": "Zimbabwe", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -18.157399999999999096189640113152563571929931640625, "lng": 31.48349999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "On August 21, House Assembly member Caston Matewu is fired upon, in Nyameni, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe; a water tank and a vehicle are damaged but no casualties are reported. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201908210017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Afghan police attack Taliban militants trying to destroy a water well; seven deaths are reported", "date": "2019", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 35.84620000000000317186277243308722972869873046875, "lng": 64.530699999999995952748577110469341278076171875, "description": "As reported on August 9, Afghan police forces attack Taliban militants trying to destroy a water well in Almar district, Faryab. Seven militants are killed and nine are wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6821820" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 50 people are injured in Bangladesh in a dispute over a local water body", "date": "2019", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.7864000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "lng": 91.3599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "On August 6, at least 50 people are injured in a clash between two groups of villagers at Modhurapur village, Bangladesh over a local water body. Police fire tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse the crowd.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5928658" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "600 residents in Honduras destroy mining equipment, clash with police over threats to water and forest; injuries reported", "date": "2019", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.064199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "lng": -87.28100000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "description": "On August 16 in Yorito, Yoro, Honduras around 600 inhabitants destroy heavy machinery of the mining company Comercializadora de Agregados de Honduras S.A. (CEASA). During the conflict with police, multiple injuries are reported. The demonstrators oppose the operation of the mining company, which they consider threatens water sources and the forest. The territory is inhabited by Tolupan indigenous people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6957084" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death is reported in an armed clash over control of water in Bangladesh", "date": "2019", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.5, "lng": 92.0499999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "On August 21, an eight-year old boy is killed in an armed clash between two groups over the control of water body in Kulaura Upazila, Maulvibazar, Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5928720" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two are injured in a dispute over access to water in Uttar Pradesh, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.682700000000000528643795405514538288116455078125, "lng": 81.5627999999999957481122692115604877471923828125, "description": "On August 7, two persons are injured in a clash between two families in Bhadri village (Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh), India over taking water from a tap.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7046512" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two deaths and multiple injuries reported in violence over irrigation water in two villages of India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.5615999999999985448084771633148193359375, "lng": 86.0597000000000065256244852207601070404052734375, "description": "On August 4, two villages clash over sharing irrigation water for their crops in the villages of Sagar and Panchagochhia, India. Two people are killed and 15 injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7091216" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two groups exchange gunfire, killing two, over irrigation water in Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.20660000000000167119651450775563716888427734375, "lng": 71.8763000000000005229594535194337368011474609375, "description": "On September 22, two groups exchange fire over a dispute about irrigation water use in Maidan Khwar area of Upper Dir district (KP), Pakistan resulting in two fatalities.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6013987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Vehicles and machines at a water pipeline construction site are burned in India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.802499999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "lng": 81.3346999999999979991116560995578765869140625, "description": "On September 28, vehicles and machines at a water pipeline construction site are burned in Masenar, Chhattisgarh, India. Maoists are suspected to be responsible for the attacks.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201909280055" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous women murdered for their resistence to hydropower projects and land grabs in Omoa, Honduras", "date": "2019", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.779199999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "lng": -88.0267000000000052750692702829837799072265625, "description": "In September and October 2019 at least six women from the indigenous Garifuna communities in coastal Honduras are murdered for their resistance to government-backed land decisions and hydropower projects that affected their territory. One of the six, Mirna Teresa Suazo Martinez, was the president of the board of trustees in the Masca community of Omoa.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "AWID 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over access to a drinking water fountain leads to injuries and a demonstration in Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.6837000000000017507773009128868579864501953125, "lng": 68.2865000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "description": "On September 10, police and Rangers resort to using batons and tear gas after supporters of three men who were injured during a clash over use of a water fountain blocked the road and demonstrated in Darya Khan Mari village, Sindh, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5976848" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over water sharing leads to at least eight injuries in Pakistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.197800000000000864019966684281826019287109375, "lng": 71.4697000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "As reported on September 19, two groups clash after dispute about water sharing in the Multan district (Punjab), Pakistan resulting in injuries to at least eight persons.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6253244" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over water drainage in Pakistan results in seven injured", "date": "2019", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.7214000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "lng": 73.0431999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "description": "On September 9, two groups from Tamma village attack each other with batons, sticks, and stones over a dispute about water drainage in their village near Islamabad city, Pakistan. Seven people are injured when one of the groups rammed their SUV against the other group's car.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 5976857" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight between farmers and pastoralists at a water source in Kenya results in serious injuries", "date": "2019", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -3.398800000000000043343106881366111338138580322265625, "lng": 37.68339999999999889723767410032451152801513671875, "description": "On September 20th, in Mkocheni village, Kenya, a fight between farmers and herders over access to a water source results in serious injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6013277" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A man is beaten to death for allegedly stealing a water pump in Rajasthan, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.3051999999999992496668710373342037200927734375, "lng": 76.535200000000003228706191293895244598388671875, "description": "On September 21, a Dalit man is beaten to death by locals for allegedly stealing a water pump at Ghatoli village (Jhalawar, Rajasthan), India.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6014039" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tank and windows are damaged during an attack on a polling center in Afghanistan", "date": "2019", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.70049999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "lng": 66.3358999999999952024154481478035449981689453125, "description": "On September 28, a water tank and several windows are damaged during an attack on a polling center in a female high school in Fayzabad, Jawzjan, Afghanistan. The Taliban claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201909280054" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A demonstration over water privatization and indigenous rights in Chile leads to a violent confrontation with police", "date": "2019", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -33.45689999999999741930878371931612491607666015625, "lng": -70.64830000000000609361450187861919403076171875, "description": "On October 12, in Santiago, Chile a Mapuche demonstration over the defense of indigenous territories and the privatization of water leads to a violent confrontation with police and the destruction of public facilities.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7819398" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over restoration of a drinking water tap in AP, India injures eight", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.467099999999998516386767732910811901092529296875, "lng": 83.790400000000005320544005371630191802978515625, "description": "On October 28, Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and Yuvajana Shramika Rythu Congress Party activists clash over the restoration of a drinking water tap in Santakaviti village (Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh), India, injuring eight.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6332030" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab militants flood a highway and ambush Somali soldiers who arrive to cut off the water", "date": "2019", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 2.449199999999999821653773324214853346347808837890625, "lng": 45.35419999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "description": "On October 11, Al Shabaab militants ambush Somali military soldiers after they arrive to close the water gate of Hawaadley water storage opened by the militants to flood the highway between Bal'ad and Jowhar.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6023755" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers protesting the diversion of the Zayandehrud River damage diversion water pipes", "date": "2019", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.652500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 51.67459999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "description": "In October, a group of farmers in Isfahan, Iran demonstrate against the diversion of Zayandehrud River to other provinces; some demonstrators damage the water pipes of the diversion infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6060356" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers reportedly flood Palestinian-owned olive groves with sewage", "date": "2019", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.21730000000000160298441187478601932525634765625, "lng": 35.32130000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "description": "On October 27, Israeli settlers flood Palestinian-owned olive groves in the village of Deri al Hatab east of Nablus, Palestine with sewage water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6330660" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local residents in Mat, Albania clash with police over the construction of a hydroelectric plant", "date": "2019", "country": "Albania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 41.7411000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "lng": 20.152100000000000790123522165231406688690185546875, "description": "On October 26, residents of Zall Gjocaj village in Mat, Albania clash with police while demonstrating against the construction of a hydroelectric power station. The residents are worried about local water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7000567" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One man is killed and his son injured in a dispute over drawing water in Maharastra, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.083800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 72.8996000000000066165739553980529308319091796875, "description": "On October 6, two men attack a Muslim father and son over drawing water from a nearby tap in Ghatkopar (Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra), India. The father dies of his injuries at a hospital.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6024805" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six people are injured and one killed in a dispute over irrigation water in Uttar Pradesh, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.230000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "lng": 78.653400000000004865796654485166072845458984375, "description": "On October 15, two groups of villagers from Kataura and Pradhan Paksha, Uttar Pradesh, India clash over irrigation water. Six persons are injured. The dispute continues in late October and a death is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6363134, 6331745" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six police officers are injured during demonstrations demanding the restoration of water services in South Africa", "date": "2019", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -23.04390000000000071622707764618098735809326171875, "lng": 29.903199999999998226485331542789936065673828125, "description": "Around October 16, 2019 residents from Tshikota, South Africa demonstrate, demanding the restoration of water service in their area. Six police officers are injured and 12 demonstrators are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6331456" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkey takes control of Syrian water system in Allouk and interrupts water supply", "date": "2019-2020", "country": "Syria, Turkey", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.8481000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "lng": 40.078699999999997771737980656325817108154296875, "description": "Turkey and Turkish-backed forces take control of the Allouk water station in northeastern Syria in October 2019. The water station, near the town of Ras al-Ain (Serekaniye), serves 460,000 people in al-Hasakeh governorate. Water pumping has been interrupted several times since the start of the year, with the latest interruption on March 29, 2020. Officials say the interruptions are a tactic to force Kurdish-led authorities to supply electricity to areas under Turkish control.", "sources": [ "Human Rights Watch 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspicious circumstances surround the death of a legal advocate who opposed a dam in Indonesia", "date": "2019", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 3.595639999999999947277729006600566208362579345703125, "lng": 98.654300000000006320988177321851253509521484375, "description": "In October 2019, Golfrid Siregar is found dead. Environmental activists argue that Siregar had been targeted for his work as a legal advocate and that suspicious circumstances of his death indicate that he was in fact murdered. Siregar's most recent work included the filing of a lawsuit accussing the North Sumatra government of forging a signature to allow for the permitting of a dam in the region.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Karokaro 2019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The destruction of a water plant leads to clashes in Yemen, killing and injuring many", "date": "2019", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 15.504799999999999471356204594485461711883544921875, "lng": 45.52740000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "On November 26, clashes are reported between 'Abidah Al-Qaz'ah tribesmen and Islah-affiliated pro-Hadi forces after tribesmen established a roadblock to demand compensation for a water factory that was damaged in an airstrike and killed the son of the factory's owner. On November 28, reports alleged that 20 people were killed, most of them civilians, and 85 others injured in the clashes that lasted for several days. Fatalities spread over three days.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7002983, 7002984" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four are injured in a fight over water supply in Kurnool, AP, India", "date": "2019", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.60510000000000019326762412674725055694580078125, "lng": 78.1723999999999961119101499207317829132080078125, "description": "On November 16, four persons are injured in a clash between villagers and local leaders belonging to the Yuvajana Shramika Rythu Congress Party over drinking water at Kalvabugga (Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh), India.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6698873" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pastoralists in Morocco fight with local residents and destroy water supply infrastructure", "date": "2019", "country": "Morocco", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 29.358399999999999607780409860424697399139404296875, "lng": -9.7078000000000006508571459562517702579498291015625, "description": "On November 11, in Toumliline, Morocco, pastoralist nomads attack residents of the area with rocks and sticks, resulting in the destruction of water supply infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6859342" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tanker is damaged in an attack on a convoy in Somalia", "date": "2019", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.059200000000000141398004416259936988353729248046875, "lng": 45.23660000000000280806489172391593456268310546875, "description": "On December 10, an explosive device detonates targeting a convoy in Isbartiba, Mogadishu, Somalia, causing an unknown number of casualties and also damaging a water tanker. No group claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) 2019 ID. 201912100031" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight in Kenya between two clans over a watering point leaves one dead, 18 injured", "date": "2020", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.3580200000000000049027448767446912825107574462890625, "lng": 35.9114000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "description": "A fight erupts between two clans in the town of Arbeqarmso, Kenya, over a watering point. The incident leaves one person dead and 18 others injured.", "sources": [ "Makong 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attack on a water pumping station in Libya cuts of the water supply to 2 million people in the capital of Tripoli", "date": "2020", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.88719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 13.1913000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "An armed group attacked a control station at Shwerif, Libya, cutting off the water supply to more than 2 million people in the capital Tripoli. The UN condemns the attack as \"reprehensible.\"", "sources": [ "Al Jazeera 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on water and sanitation systems in the Donbas region of the Ukraine cut off water services for civilians", "date": "2020", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.1698999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "lng": 38.01530000000000342197381542064249515533447265625, "description": "A resumption of aerial attacks between the Ukraine and Russia in the Donbas region again target water and sanitation systems, leaving civilians without running water in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic.", "sources": [ "Ritter 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes over shared water point kills at least 10 in northern Uganda", "date": "2020", "country": "Uganda", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.82730000000000014637180356658063828945159912109375, "lng": 31.415600000000001301714291912503540515899658203125, "description": "Clashes between South Sudanese refugees and local community members in Tika village near the Rhino refugee settlement in northern Uganda over access to a shared water source leave at least 10 dead, 19 injured, and several missing.", "sources": [ "Athumani 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fighting in Libya continues to include attacks on water supply infrastructure", "date": "2020", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.86359999999999814690454513765871524810791015625, "lng": 13.240899999999999891997504164464771747589111328125, "description": "Fighting between the Libyan National Army (LNA) and the internationally recognized Government of National Accord (GNA) leads to cuts in water and power to Tripoli when gunmen storm a control room, cutting water flows from the Great Manmade River Project.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel detects and thwarts a cyberattack on water systems", "date": "2020", "country": "Israel, Iran", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.09850000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "lng": 34.820300000000003137756721116602420806884765625, "description": "Israeli authorities link Iran to an attempted cyberattack aimed at disrupting water supplies in at least two locations in Israel in late April 2020.", "sources": [ "Warrick and Nakashima 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mexican military forces and farmers clash over water releases from a dam", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 28.16590000000000060254023992456495761871337890625, "lng": -105.6290000000000048885340220294892787933349609375, "description": "Farmers protest at the Las Virgines dam in northern Mexico where water is being held to repay a water debt to the U.S. Several hundred overtake control of the dam, causing property damage estimated at $4.6 million. The farmers say that without the water, they will no longer be able to farm.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2020a, AP News 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple cyber-attacks on Israel water infrastructure", "date": "2020", "country": "Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.171300000000002228262019343674182891845703125, "lng": 35.6443000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "description": "Several cyberattacks on Israeli water infrastructure are reported by the Israeli Water Authority. The attacks are aimed at agricultural water pumps in the Upper Galilee and on water and wastewater treatment systems in the central part of the country. No mention is given of who carried out the attacks, but previous similar attacks were attributed to Iranian hackers.", "sources": [ "MEM 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors injured in Tripoli, Libya, while protesting water shortages and other deplorable living conditions", "date": "2020", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.88719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 13.1913000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Several hundred people hold a protest of deplorable living conditions, including from water shortages, in Tripoli, Libya. Some protestors are injured from shots by security forces working to disperse the demonstrations. ", "sources": [ "Aslan 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several killed in an attack on a dam in Afghanistan", "date": "2020", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.77170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "lng": 69.3838999999999970214048516936600208282470703125, "description": "Several military personnel are killed and others wounded during an attack on a dam, Machalugu village, Paktia province, Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "Pettersson et al. 2021", "Sundberg and Melander 2013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two killed during widespread protests at La Boquilla dam that diverts water to the United States from Mexico", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico, United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.548500000000000653699316899292171001434326171875, "lng": -105.40399999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "Two are killed a gunfight with Mexico’s military police near several days of protest in La Boquilla, Chihuahua, at a dam that diverts water to the United States. Mexicans in the northern state of Chihuahua are angry at water being diverted across the border hurl Molotov cocktails and rocks at security troops, and occupy the La Boquilla dam, closing the sluice gates.", "sources": [ "Gonzalez 2020", "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7622818" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "White supremacists in the United States plot to poison water supplies", "date": "2020", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 38.88029999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": -77.030000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "In secret surveillance, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation records neo-Nazis recruiting members and plotting terrorist acts including poisoning water supplies in an effort to ignite violence. Seven arrests were made.", "sources": [ "MacFarquhar and Goldman 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six deaths reported in clashes over the use of water wells in Chad", "date": "2020", "country": "Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.8026999999999997470467860694043338298797607421875, "lng": 17.50529999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "description": "In January, members of the Arab and Boulala communities clash in the area of Djokhana (Dababa, Hadjer-Lamis), Chad over the usage of water wells. Six people were reportedly killed. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6876190" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three injuries and two deaths are reported in a dispute over drainage water in Madhya Pradesh, India", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.229800000000000892441676114685833454132080078125, "lng": 78.1732999999999975671016727574169635772705078125, "description": "On January 12, two unidentified groups fire at each other in Gwalior (Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) India over the flow of drainage water, leading to two deaths and three injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6746005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes in Lebanon over water, electricity and energy shortages lead to injuries and arrests", "date": "2020", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.559899999999998954081092961132526397705078125, "lng": 35.37559999999999860165189602412283420562744140625, "description": "On January 13, demonstrators in Sidon city, Lebanon protest the crises in the country, including lack of water, electricity, gasoline, diesel, and gas. Clashes between rioters and military forces are reported, leaving five people injured and several arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7924726" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three Afar militiamen shot by Somali forces in Garbo Ciise, Ethiopia amid ongoing clashes over water and grazing rights", "date": "2020", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.1199999999999992184029906638897955417633056640625, "lng": 40.75999999999999801048033987171947956085205078125, "description": "In late January, three Afar communal militiamen are shot and wounded by Somali ethnic forces in Garbo Ciise (Adaytu), Ethiopia. Clashes over grazing areas, water, and other resources are common in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7677367" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests against the water crisis in Pernik, Bulgaria turn violent, injuring at least 32 people", "date": "2020", "country": "Bulgaria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 42.6974000000000017962520360015332698822021484375, "lng": 23.321200000000001040234565152786672115325927734375, "description": "On January 27, at least 300 residents in Sofia protest the water crisis in Pernik and clash with police. Police use tear gas and at least 32 people, including two police officers, are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6770918" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers break into La Boquilla dam in Mexico in opposition to water releases to the United States", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico, United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.019600000000000505906427861191332340240478515625, "lng": -105.36299999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "The National Guard and the army are deployed to La Boquilla Dam in October after protesters occupy it in protest of proposed water releases to the United States.", "sources": [ "Mexico News Daily 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist fighters detonate an explosive device at the Arun III Hydropower Dam, Nepal", "date": "2020", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.51050000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "lng": 87.1938999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "description": "Suspected Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) fighters detonate an explosive device at the Arun III Hydropower Dam construction site, Nepal, damaging a generator.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seventeen people reported injured in a dispute over irrigation water scheduling in Pakistan", "date": "2020", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.3001000000000004774847184307873249053955078125, "lng": 68.614000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "description": "On February 6, a clash erupts between two groups of the Gaho community, Kumb town, Pakistan, over water rotation. Both groups attack each other with sticks and axes injuring 17 people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6863610" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two farmers kill their neighbor in a dispute over sharing water from a well in Madhya Pradesh, India", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.768899999999998584598870365880429744720458984375, "lng": 79.873199999999997089616954326629638671875, "description": "On February 26, two farmers beat to death their neighbor in Majhgawan village (Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh), India during a dispute on sharing water from a well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6980136" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death and several injuries are reported during a clash between farmers and pastoralists in South Sudan", "date": "2020", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 7.271499999999999630517777404747903347015380859375, "lng": 28.385999999999999232613845379091799259185791015625, "description": "On February 22, farmers from Kuajiena county, South Sudan attack armed pastoralists from Tonj at a water point, leading to a firefight which kills one and wounds between three and five people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7685894" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Algeria for improved water supply and energy leads to clashes with police and injuries", "date": "2020", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.423900000000003274180926382541656494140625, "lng": 5.2644000000000001904254531837068498134613037109375, "description": "On February 26, 2020, police forces and rioters clashed in Draa El Caid, Algeria over gas and water services, resulting in the injury of two police officers and several dozen rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6977786" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Afghan security forces transferring water targeted by assailants", "date": "2020", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.620599999999999596411726088263094425201416015625, "lng": 65.71580000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "description": "In Kandahar, Afghanistan Afghan border security forces are attacked by assailants while transferring water. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202002220023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two deaths are reported when Syrian militias fight with smugglers during a raid on water tankers", "date": "2020", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.01140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": 40.5046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "On March 29, QSD forces clash with smugglers during a raid on water tankers in the town of Thiban in Deir-ez-Zor, Syria. Clashes result in at least two deaths and additional wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8087309" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Afar and Somali forces clash over water and pasture land, killing at least 11", "date": "2020", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.0130999999999996674659996642731130123138427734375, "lng": 40.38900000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "description": "Around March 12, at least 11 people are killed during armed confrontations between Oromo and Afar pastoralists in the Bordeda (Mieso) area, Ethiopia over water and pasture.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7772237" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four are injured in a land and water dispute in Thanamandi, India", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.542000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 74.381000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "On March 1, four people attack a family in Thanamandi (Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir), India over a land and water dispute. Four members of the family are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 6985035" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least one injured in explosion en route to repair water pipe in Yebyu, Myanmar", "date": "2020", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.245799999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "lng": 98.201999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "At least one person on their way to fix a water pipe is injured when an explosive device is detonated in Yebyu, Myanmar. A related attack occurs in Yebyu on the same day. Sources suspect the Karen National Union is involved.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202003110027" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over drinking water stalls in Maharashtra, India leads to two deaths and one injury", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.05369999999999919282345217652618885040283203125, "lng": 72.9241999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "description": "On April 27, two people die and one is seriously injured during a clash between two Muslim groups in the Shivaji Nagar slums of Govandi town (Mumbai city, Maharashtra), India over drinking stalls.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7077556" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two police officers killed and one injured while carrying water from a well in Mirza Ali, Afghanistan", "date": "2020", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.5912000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 63.740600000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "description": "An assailant opens fire on police officers carrying water from a well in Mirza Ali, Afghanistan, killing at least two and injuring another. No group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202004270008" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The curtailment of water and electricity after cyclone Amhan leads to protests in Budhal, India. One injury is reported", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.572800000000000864019966684281826019287109375, "lng": 88.3747000000000042518877307884395122528076171875, "description": "On May 26, a mob attacks police and Trinamool legislators in Kolkata city (Kolkata district, West Bengal), India while calling for restoration of electricity and water supply affected by cyclone Amphan. One injury is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7118952" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Sudanese Armed Forces clash with Amhara militants after the Ethiopians try to make use of river water in Sudan", "date": "2020", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.4824000000000001620037437533028423786163330078125, "lng": 36.16100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "description": "On May 28, Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) clash with Amhara militia in the area of Barakat Norein, Sudan, after the SAF refused to allow the Ethiopians to make use of river water in the area. The area is claimed by Ethiopia. One Ethiopian militiaman is wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7770242" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two groups clash over irrigation water in Pakistan, with severe injuries to two people", "date": "2020", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.531600000000000960653778747655451297760009765625, "lng": 69.0030000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "On May 8, two groups of Solangi community clash over water rotation in Mirpurkhas city, Pakistan. They attack each other with weapons, resulting in severe injuries to two men.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7085556" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over water distribution in Budhal city, India leads to three injuries", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.38430000000000319460013997741043567657470703125, "lng": 74.631200000000006866684998385608196258544921875, "description": "On May 19, a dispute over water distribution in Budhal city (Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir), India leads to three injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7118264" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over access to water in the Al-Qatri camp for displaced persons in Syria leads to one death", "date": "2020", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.233699999999998908606357872486114501953125, "lng": 36.762799999999998590283212251961231231689453125, "description": "On May 15, a civilian is killed during clashes between displaced people in Al-Qatri camp near Idlib, Syria. Clashes erupted after residents of the camp lost access to water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8086067" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A major riot breaks out between Kyrgyz and Uzbek nationals over access to water; more than 200 people are hospitalized", "date": "2020", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.94290000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "lng": 71.2092999999999989313437254168093204498291015625, "description": "On May 31, a riot breaks out between dozens of Kyrgyz and Uzbek nationals over access to water sources near the village of Chechme on the border with Uzbekistan. Rioters hurl rocks at each other while setting properties on fire on both sides of the border. 200 Uzbek citizens are hospitalized in Sokh enclave including 13 with gunshot wounds; 25 Kyrgyz villagers are taken to the hospital in Kadamjai district with injuries of various degrees.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7119482" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest in Mexico against the cost of water services turns violent; at least 16 people are injured", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.903999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "lng": -100.712999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "description": "On May 14, in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, about 80 people block a street to demonstrate against the cost of water service. About 100 municipal and state police intervene and 16 people are reported injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7627646" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest over the lack of water services in Senegal turns violent and demonstrators and police are injured", "date": "2020", "country": "Senegal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.388400000000000744648787076584994792938232421875, "lng": -16.738499999999998379962562466971576213836669921875, "description": "On May 30, residents demonstrate in Cap Skirring in Oussouye, Ziguinchor, Senegal against the lack of running water. They burn tires on the roads. The gendarmerie forces fire tear gas and live ammunition to disperse them; demonstrators reply with stones. Three demonstrators and three gendarmes are severely injured. 16 people are also arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8017603" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water dispute between farmers in Kazakhstan turns into a riot, injuring 12", "date": "2020", "country": "Kazakhstan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 40.7734999999999985220711096189916133880615234375, "lng": 68.32450000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "On May 29, a water dispute between farmers near the town of Zhetisay of Turkistan region of Kazakhstan turns into a riot resulting in a dozen injuries. Police arrest two rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7125505" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes over water resources in Yemen result in eight deaths and additional injuries", "date": "2020", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.032000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 45.8282999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "description": "On May 1, clashes between Al Tilan and Al Dahshal Ba al Harith tribal militias over water resources in Al Ghiwayl valley of Usaylan district (Shabwah), result in eight deaths and additional injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7074385" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators in Gheyzaniyeh, Iran are injured while protesting water outages", "date": "2020", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.222100000000001074340616469271481037139892578125, "lng": 49.1768000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "description": "On May 25, police shoot tear gas and rubber bullets at demonstrators in Gheyzaniyeh, Iran demonstrating against frequent outages of water. Several injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8055724" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces damage drinking water tanks while trying to disperse Palestinian protestors", "date": "2020", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.22160000000000223963070311583578586578369140625, "lng": 35.14470000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "description": "On May 15, Israeli forces use live fire, rubber bullets, and tear gas to disperse Palestinians protesting settlement policies in Kafr Qaddum. Two drinking water tanks are damaged during the event.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7096535" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One injured during protests demanding water in Trujillo, Venezuela", "date": "2020", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.30669999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "lng": -70.5904000000000024783730623312294483184814453125, "description": "On May 11, in Carvajal, Trujillo, Venezuela, residents protest to demand water and are met with force by Special Action Forces (FAES). One person is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7100483" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over water and land kills one and injures three in Somalia", "date": "2020", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.95439999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": 47.3183999999999969077180139720439910888671875, "description": "On June 21, militias from the Leelkayse and Majeerten clans clash in the Deeralay area, Mudug, Somalia over water and land. One person is killed and three others injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7213222" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A demonstration against the lack of water services in Senegal leads to injuries and arrests", "date": "2020", "country": "Senegal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.980399999999999494093572138808667659759521484375, "lng": -14.561099999999999710098563809879124164581298828125, "description": "On June 22, 2020, residents demonstrate in Koumpentoum town (Koumpentoum, Tambacounda) against a lack of running water. One gendarme is severely injured and several demonstrators are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8017144" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dozen injuries are reported in violence over access to water for cattle in Chad", "date": "2020", "country": "Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.4412000000000002586375558166764676570892333984375, "lng": 21.655300000000000437694325228221714496612548828125, "description": "Around June 1, youth militias from Kouri Bougoudi and Sakine, Chad clash over water for their cattle at Hadjar Hadid (Ouaddai). A dozen people are reported injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7121551" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed clash between Husen and Reer Garaad militias in Sanaag, Somalia over pasture and water disputes injures six", "date": "2020", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.5828000000000006508571459562517702579498291015625, "lng": 48.80720000000000169393388205207884311676025390625, "description": "On June 27, an armed clash is reported between a Husen Sub-Clan militia and Reer Garaad Sub-Clan militia, both from the Warsengeli clan, Sanaag, Somalia. The motive of the clash is believed to be disputes over pasturelands and water resources. At least six people are injured in the clan clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7153500" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Egyptian hackers claim responsibility for a cyberattack on dam operations at the Ethiopian Grand Renaissance Dam", "date": "2020", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.21829999999999927240423858165740966796875, "lng": 35.094099999999997407940099947154521942138671875, "description": "Egyptian hackers launch a cyber attack on Ethiopian water systems in June 2020. On a Facebook page maintained by the hackers, they allude to Egyptian opposition to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile. The attack is carried out as the reservoir behind the dam is being filled despite the lack of an agreement between Egypt and Ethiopia.", "sources": [ "Mahmoud 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several killed in a fight over a watering point in Marsabit, Kenya", "date": "2020", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.54999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875, "lng": 38.64999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "In mid-June, herders clash over a watering point in Marsabit, Kenya. Several fatalities are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7129928, 7129714" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling damages Siverskyi Donets-Donbas water pipeline, Ukraine", "date": "2020", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.39280000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "lng": 37.95100000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "description": "Shelling reported at the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas water pipeline in contested areas of eastern Ukraine (June 2020). The pipeline delivers water to people in the region from the Siverskyi Donets River.", "sources": [ "Sheldon 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected New People's Army fighters conduct an armed assault on the Igbaras Hydropower Plant, Philippines", "date": "2020", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 10.7734000000000005314859663485549390316009521484375, "lng": 122.2289999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "description": "Suspected New People's Army fighters conduct an armed assault on the Igbaras Hydropower Plant, Iloilo, Philippines, with automatic/semi-automatic rifles. An unknown number of attackers are injured.", "sources": [ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosion outside water station near Naanaah, Iraq, injures at least one", "date": "2020", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.0063999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "lng": 43.29419999999999646433934685774147510528564453125, "description": "An explosive device is detonated in front of the central water station near Naanaah, Iraq, injuring at least one station employee. A related bombing occurs in this area on the same date. No group claims responsibility.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202006140013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen attack water and sewage workers in Cukurca, Turkey", "date": "2020", "country": "Turkey", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.29370000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "lng": 43.671199999999998908606357872486114501953125, "description": "Assailants carrying firearms and rockets attack water and sewage employees in Cukurca, Turkey, injuring two. No group claims responsibility, but sources believe the Kurdistan Workers’ Party to be behind the assault.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202006250007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three deaths and four injuries are reported in a gunfight over irrigation water rotation and money in Pakistan", "date": "2020", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.2423000000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": 69.184200000000004138200893066823482513427734375, "description": "On July 7, a clash takes place between two groups of the Bhangwar community near Kandhkot city, Pakistan over water rotation and money. Both groups fire at each other, killing three men and injuring four others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7161589" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths and injuries reported in a clash over the use of a water pump in Burkina Faso", "date": "2020", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.541399999999999437250153278000652790069580078125, "lng": -3.555400000000000115818465928896330296993255615234375, "description": "On July 11, members of Lobi and Dogosse communities clash over the use of a water pump for a Lobi customary rite in Tako-Yoyora (Loropeni, Poni), Burkina Faso. Three people are killed, two injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8016768" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four injuries reported in a dispute over irrigation water rotations in Pakistan", "date": "2020", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.19859999999999899955582804977893829345703125, "lng": 67.9534000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "description": "On July 3, a clash takes place between two groups from the Janwri and Dhalo communities over rotation of water in Abdul Hakeem Dhalo village in Radhan, Pakistan. Four men are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7155626" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported in a demonstration over access to improved water and electricity in Guinea", "date": "2020", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.4167000000000005144329406903125345706939697265625, "lng": -9.1664999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "description": "On July 14, residents demonstrated in Siguiri town (Siguiri, Kankan), Guinea to demand better electricity and water supply. Security forces fire tear gas to disperse them, injuring several people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7163509" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Officials inspecting the flow of water in Gulkani, Haryana, India are attacked. Seven injuries and 50 arrests are reported", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.283300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 76.2095000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "description": "On July 1, around 50 people attack officials inspecting the flow of water into a pond in Gulkani village, Jind (Haryana), India. Seven policemen and officials are injured and 50 arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7156068" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest at Las Virgenes dam, Chihuahua, Mexico over water releases", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico, United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": -106.8670000000000044337866711430251598358154296875, "description": "Demonstrators at the Las Vírgenes Dam in Chihuahua, Mexico burn several government vehicles, block railway tracks and set fire to a government office and highway tollbooths to protest the release of water from local dams to meet treaty obligations with the United States.", "sources": [ "Associate Press (AP) 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over irrigation water leads to a clash between conflicting political parties in Nepal", "date": "2020", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.6317999999999983629095368087291717529296875, "lng": 86.345200000000005502442945726215839385986328125, "description": "On August 28, a clash related to watering paddy fields leads to dozens of injuries between cadres of Nepali Congress and JSPN at Kachanari village in Bariyarpatti, Nepal.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7197635" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In a caste dispute, over two dozen Dalit are attacked with acid for using a handpump for water in Jhansi, India", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.458800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 78.5798999999999949750417727045714855194091796875, "description": "On August 25, a mob attacks and injures over two dozen Dalit people with acid in Basaar village in Jhansi (UP), India over using a handpump for water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7198760" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One injury reported in a fight in Garhi Khairo, Pakistan over irrigation rotations", "date": "2020", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.057400000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "lng": 67.979299999999994952304405160248279571533203125, "description": "On August 5, a clash takes place between two groups of the Buledi community in Jnai Wandh village in Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan over rotation of water, causing injuries to one.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7198232" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One man is shot during protests in Miranda, Venezuela to demand potable water services", "date": "2020", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.1587999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": -65.701099999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "On August 26 in Cupira, Miranda, Venezuela, residents protest to demand basic services including potable water and are met with force by municipal police. One man is severely injured with a bullet.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7185224" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person reported killed in clash over water in Kupwara, India", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.52579999999999671445038984529674053192138671875, "lng": 74.2548000000000030240698833949863910675048828125, "description": "On August 3, two families clash at Kacchama village in Kupwara city (Kupwara district, Jammu and Kashmir), India over a water dispute. One person is killed in the incident.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7200256" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Caxito, Angola for improved water supply leads to clashes with police and injuries", "date": "2020", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -8.5800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": 13.6640999999999994685140336514450609683990478515625, "description": "On August 5, 2020, people stage a demonstration in Caxito (Dande, Bengo, Angola) in support of employees who had not received their wages and against the lack of water supply in the region. Police used tear gas and live fire to disperse the demonstrators. Injuries and arrests are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8016224" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sniper shoots and wounds civilian fetching water in al-Rawdah, Yemen", "date": "2020", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.5864999999999991331378623726777732372283935546875, "lng": 44.02409999999999712372300564311444759368896484375, "description": "A civilian is injured after being shot by a sniper while attempting to fetch water. Sources attribute the attack to Houthi extremists.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202008170036" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over the rotation of irrigation water in Pakistan injures eight", "date": "2020", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.19859999999999899955582804977893829345703125, "lng": 67.9534000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "description": "On September 12, a clash takes place between the Chandio and Solangi communities over the rotation of water in Zahra Machhi village in Radhan, Pakistan. Both groups attack each other with sticks, injuring eight men.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7220582" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators storm a desalination plant in Tunisia, disrupting local potable water supply", "date": "2020", "country": "Tunisia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.74029999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "lng": 8.8363999999999993661958797019906342029571533203125, "description": "On September 23, demonstrators storm a desalination plant in Nagga, Kebili, Tunisia and interrupt the provision of potable water in the region to demand the pavement of a public road in their village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7233824" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four are injured during protests in Cojedes, Venezuela over lack of public water services, including water", "date": "2020", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.6611999999999991217691786005161702632904052734375, "lng": -68.5827000000000026602720026858150959014892578125, "description": "On September 29 in San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela, residents protest the lack of basic public services such as water, electricity, and gas. GNB and CPNB officers arrest 12 individuals. Four people are injured by state security forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7238578" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported during a protest in Yaracuy, Venezuela demanding better potable water services", "date": "2020", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.1594999999999995310417943983338773250579833984375, "lng": -68.8944999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "description": "On September 26 in Chivacoa, Yaracuy, Venezuela, around 60 people demonstrate to demand better basic services including potable water. National Guard and police fire tear gas after rioters destroy the headquarters of the Mayor's office. An unknown number of people are injured and arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7758267" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nine people are reported injured in a clash over wastewater in Fazilka district, Punjab, India", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.434000000000001051603248924948275089263916015625, "lng": 74.050600000000002864908310584723949432373046875, "description": "Around September 2, a clash in Ramnagar Urf Jatwali village of Fazilka district (Punjab), India over waste water injures nine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7197913" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death and multiple injuries reported during protests over lack of potable water and other services in Sucre, Venezuela", "date": "2020", "country": "Venezuela", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.49680000000000035242919693700969219207763671875, "lng": -63.55290000000000105728759081102907657623291015625, "description": "On September 30 in Cariaco, Sucre, Venezuela, residents block a road to demand basic services including potable water, gasoline, gas, food, and electric power. State police officers arrive to disperse the group of people but are received with stones. One person is killed during the demonstration and an unknown number of people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7238587" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death is reported in dispute over control of water in a refugee camp in Bangladesh", "date": "2020", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.42150000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 92.0901999999999958390617393888533115386962890625, "description": "On September 3, a dispute over access to water between Rohingya refugees and residents of the Chakmarkul Rohingya Camp (Teknaf, Cox's Bazar) in Bangladesh leads to a death.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7198825" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water distribution workers abducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "date": "2020", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.6885799999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "lng": 30.2051000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "Employees of a Ngongo water distribution organization are abducted and later released unharmed. Sources attribute the incident to the Patriotic and Integrationist Forces of the Congo.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202009140028" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soldiers wounded, water pumps and transformers destroyed in attack on Popular Mobilization Forces checkpoints in Al-Wehda, Iraq", "date": "2020", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.27470000000000283080225926823914051055908203125, "lng": 44.5439999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "An attack on Popular Mobilization Forces checkpoints leaves at least two soldiers injured and destroys several water pumps and transformers. Sources believe the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant to be behind the incident.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202009160012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Engineers and customary chief kidnapped on way to repair water piping system destroyed by attack", "date": "2020", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.642090000000000049595882956054992973804473876953125, "lng": 30.225699999999999789679350215010344982147216796875, "description": "Three engineers working for the water distribution network of Ngongo and a customary chief are kidnapped in Mwanga, Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The abduction occurs en route to repair a water piping system that was destroyed by assailants in an earlier attack. Their fate is not known. Sources attribute the attack to the Patriotic Resistance Front in Ituri.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202009210037" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental defender killed along with two of his family members in conflict over a dam in Patuca, Honduras", "date": "2020", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.3786000000000004916955731459893286228179931640625, "lng": -86.006000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Gunman kill Jose Antonio Teruel, an environmental defender in the Patuca community in Honduras, in part due to his connection to a conflict between a power company and the community over a dam. During the murder, which occurs in his home, his sister and her husband are killed as well. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. n.d.-c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attempted arson at irrigation construction site in Baleguian, Philippines", "date": "2020", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 9.35538999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "lng": 125.6590000000000060254023992456495761871337890625, "description": "An attempted arson occurs at an irrigation construction site. A subsequent clash with security forces leaves an unknown number of assailants injured. Sources attribute the attack to the New People’s Army.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202009290017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Guyana, security guards protecting a water pump used to flood land as weapon against squatters are attacked", "date": "2020", "country": "Guyana", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 6.81229999999999957793761495850048959255218505859375, "lng": -58.0711000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "description": "On October 15 in Success, Demerara-Mahaica, Guyana, two armed men attack a security guard protecting a water pump controlled by the Guyana Sugar Company. The company is accused of using the water to flood land to drive squatters out.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7248742, 7248743" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Well-known businessman and environmental activist kidnapped and killed in Veracruz, Mexico", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 19.960699999999999221245161606930196285247802734375, "lng": -97.21580000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "description": "In October 2020 a local businessman and environmental defender, Miguel Vazquez Martinez, is kidnapped in Tlapacoyan, Veracruz, Mexico. His body is not found until 2021. He was known for over 15 years of organizing to prevent hydroelectric projects on local rivers and he founded a local environmental defense organization that had filed injunctions to try to prevent some dam projects from progressing.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Pradilla 2020", "infobae 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over the installation of water tanks at a reserve in Chiapas, Mexico results in at least 10 injuries", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.736999999999998323119143606163561344146728515625, "lng": -92.6376000000000061618266045115888118743896484375, "description": "On October 25, in the municipality of San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico in the Gertrude Duby reserve, a clash is reported over the installation of water tanks in the reserve. At least 40 people participate, shots are fired, and at least 10 people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7621187" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over the laying of water pipes in Puri district, India kills two and injures more than ten", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.8890999999999991132426657713949680328369140625, "lng": 85.642200000000002546585164964199066162109375, "description": "On October 11, a fight over the laying of water pipes in Dimirisena village in Brahmagiri, Puri district (Odisha), India kills two and injures more than ten.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7253949" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An environmental activist in Honduras who protested an open-pit mine that would contaminate the Guapinol River is assassinated", "date": "2020", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.6664999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": -86.065799999999995861799106933176517486572265625, "description": "In October 2020, a member of the El Guapinol community in Honduras who participates in the protests over the development of an open-pit mine that would contaminate community water sources of the Guapinol River is shot and killed in his own home. (See also events of 2018.)", "sources": [ "Bruess 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six police officers killed and two wounded in attack at irrigation dam in Qala-e Fath, Afghanistan", "date": "2020", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.57169999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 61.8393999999999977035258780233561992645263671875, "description": "An attack on a police outpost guarding an irrigation dam leaves six officers dead and two injured. Sources suspect the Taliban are responsible, but they deny the claim.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202010240001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seven killed in clan dispute over land and water in Mandera, Kenya", "date": "2020", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.150799999999999823074858795735053718090057373046875, "lng": 41.1861999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "description": "Around November 20, Garre and Murle clans clash over pasture land and water in Yado village, Mandera, Kenya. At least seven people are killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7395780" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three youth collecting water are injured when attacked in South Sudan", "date": "2020", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.46239999999999970015096550923772156238555908203125, "lng": 32.81519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "On November 14, three youth collecting water from the river Horse are wounded by armed militia in Torit county, South Sudan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7307215" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrations against a proposed privatization of the drinking water system in Mexico leads to injuries and arrests", "date": "2020", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.811699999999998311750459834001958370208740234375, "lng": -97.3833000000000055251803132705390453338623046875, "description": "On November 30, in Chignautla, Puebla, Mexico, hundreds of residents demonstrate against the proposed privatization of the drinking water system. The demonstration turns violent. The municipal police intervene with pepper spray; the demonstrators react by looting and burning the municipal presidency. Arrests and injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7619803" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrations in Chile over land and water rights lead to conflicts with the police, injuries, and arrests", "date": "2020", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -39.8618000000000023419488570652902126312255859375, "lng": -72.81680000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "description": "In November 2020, demonstrations in the Los Rios region of Chile over land and water rights and other water concerns lead to conflicts with local police and arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7303190" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A demonstration over the shutdown of drinking water facilities in Manipur, India results in multiple injuries", "date": "2020", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.446400000000000574118530494160950183868408203125, "lng": 93.7330999999999932015271042473614215850830078125, "description": "On December 7, demonstrations over the shutdown of drinking water facilities in Manipur, India results in multiple injuries of police and demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7413746" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over the control of local water resources turns violent in Bangladesh Two deaths and over 50 injuries are reported", "date": "2020", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.52680000000000148929757415316998958587646484375, "lng": 91.095900000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "description": "In late December, a dispute over control of local water resources between Shantipur village and Prajarkanda village in Itna Upazila (Kishoreganj), Bangladesh turns violent during local arbitration. Two people are killed and over fifty injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7461903, 7461933, 7461933" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Palestinian water network is damaged by Israeli settlers", "date": "2020", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On December 13, a group of Israeli settlers from the Maaoun settlement attack a Palestinian's house and damage a water network in Sarura area of Yuta village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7448036" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A police officer kills one in a dispute over water in Brown's Town, Jamaica", "date": "2020", "country": "Jamaica", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.39280000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "lng": -77.3676999999999992496668710373342037200927734375, "description": "On December 14, near Brown's Town, Saint Ann, Jamaica, residents set tires on fire after an off-duty police officer shoots and kills someone in a dispute over water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7448913" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Over 100 injuries reported in a clash over access to water in local villages in Bangladesh", "date": "2020", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.51859999999999928377292235381901264190673828125, "lng": 91.357799999999997453414835035800933837890625, "description": "On December 18, two groups of villagers clash at Baniachong Upazila (Habiganj), Bangladesh over control of a water body. Over 100 people are injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7461913" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply network damaged in attack on Palestinian-owned land in Khallet Ad-Dabi, West Bank", "date": "2020", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.39379999999999881765688769519329071044921875, "lng": 35.15780000000000171667124959640204906463623046875, "description": "Assailants damage a water supply network, attack a home and set fire to more than 400 olive trees during the incident. Sources attribute the attack to Israeli Settlers.", "sources": [ "START 2025 ID. 202012130036" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nine indigenous leaders in the Philippines opposed to dam projects are killed during a police raid", "date": "2020", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 13.9583999999999992525090419803746044635772705078125, "lng": 124.3250000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Criminal Investigation and Detetion Group (CIDG) raid what they claim to be homes of armed members of the new People's Army (NPA) on the island of Panay in the Philippines. During the raid, the police claim that they were shot at and were acting in self defense when they shot and killed nine people. The police also made 16 arrests and claimed to find firearms and explosives in the raided homes. The people who were arrested contested the police account, saying that the police raided the homes at 4 am when the people in the homes were sleeping and deny that any of the people shot at the police or resisted arrest, and that the firearms and bombs were planted by the police. Human rights and environmental groups across the country point out that the nine killed were indigenous leaders of Tumanduk communities working to stop two dam projects in their ancestral lands on the Jalaur River and Panay River.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Aguirre 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban attack a dam in Afghanistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.3310000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "lng": 63.822800000000000864019966684281826019287109375, "description": "The Salma hydroelectric dam is attacked by Taliban rockets. The dam, in western Heart province, is one of the largest in Afghanistan and provides irrigation water and electricity. The dam was completed in 2016 with the assistance of India.", "sources": [ "Lalzoy 2021", "Opinion Express 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two killed in protests over water shortages in Iran", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.3201999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "lng": 48.6865999999999985448084771633148193359375, "description": "Two men are killed during growing public protests over water shortages in Khuzestan province in southwest Iran. The shortages are occurring during the worst drought in 50 years, with protests in several cities and towns over residential and agricultural water cuts and power blackouts.", "sources": [ "Al Jazeera 2021a", "British Broadcasting Corporation 2021b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sabotage of water infrastructure by the \"water mafia\" is reported in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa", "date": "2021", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -28.553000000000000824229573481716215610504150390625, "lng": 30.35000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "Acts of sabotage and vandalism on water infrastructure are reported in 2021 in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa so that water tanker contracts can be signed in growing corruption in South Africa's water system.", "sources": [ "Jacobs 2024", "Water Integrity Network/Corruption Watch 2020" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on water systems in Ethiopia have cut off water supply to thousands of people", "date": "2021", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.03229999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "lng": 38.31660000000000110276232589967548847198486328125, "description": "Throughout the conflict in Tigray, Ethiopia, water infrastructure has been attacked, causing communities to lose access to safe water access. Water pumps have been destroyed, and equipment has been looted.", "sources": [ "Action Against Hunger 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflicts over water in Cameroon between ranchers and fishermen kill at least 40 people", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.7159999999999993036681189551018178462982177734375, "lng": 14.937200000000000699174051987938582897186279296875, "description": "Tens of thousands of citizens of Cameroon flee bloody conflicts over water between cattle ranchers and fishermen in the region bordering Chad and Nigeria. The conflict kills at least 40 people.", "sources": [ "Kindzeka 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Honduran environmental activist protesting construction of a new dam is shot and killed", "date": "2021", "country": "Honduras", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.44969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": -87.863799999999997680788510479032993316650390625, "description": "An environmental activist from the town of Nueva Granada, Honduras is shot and killed. He and his fellow community members had been protesting the construction of a new dam on the Ulua River in Honduras. ", "sources": [ "Bruess 2021a, Al Jazeera 2021b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Major clash over water kills more than 30 in Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan dispute", "date": "2021", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.9087999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": 70.6466999999999956116880639456212520599365234375, "description": "At least 31 people are killed, scores injured, and 10,000 evacuated after a dispute over access to water and water facilities leads to major clashes on a disputed Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan border.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation 2021a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over a water well in Wadi al Barkani, Yemen injures six", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.4139999999999997015720509807579219341278076171875, "lng": 43.63810000000000144382283906452357769012451171875, "description": "On January 8, unknown militias clashed in Wadi al Barkani, Yemen over a water well, injuring six people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7450122" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over access to a water well escalates into extensive violence in the Upper Nile state of South Sudan, killing at least 1", "date": "2021", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.9475999999999995537791619426570832729339599609375, "lng": 32.10640000000000071622707764618098735809326171875, "description": "On January 3rd and 4th, a fight over water access at a well escalates in the disputed border town of Meganis, Upper Nile, South Sudan. 17 are killed across two days of fighting and more than 20 are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7454070, 7454072" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least six killed in clan disputes over land and water in Garbatulla, Kenya", "date": "2021", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.53329999999999999626965063725947402417659759521484375, "lng": 38.52000000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "description": "On January 9, militias from the Ajuran and Borana clans fight over land and water in the vicinity of Eldera village, Garbatulla, Kenya. At least six people are killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7499757" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed and others injured in clan clashes over grazing land and water points in Marsabit, Kenya", "date": "2021", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.31669999999999998152588887023739516735076904296875, "lng": 37.066699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "description": "On January 13, armed gunmen from Dasenaach ethnic militia clash with a Gabra ethnic militia over a grazing zone and watering point in Sibiloi National Park in Madho Dimtu village, Marsabit, Kenya. One person is killed and two others injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7810248" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six are injured during a protest in Peru demanding improved potable water and sewage services", "date": "2021", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -3.566899999999999959499064061674289405345916748046875, "lng": -80.4514999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "description": "On January 11, in Tumbes, Peru, citizens of Cerro Blanco block a highway to demand improvement of the potable water service and sewage system. Police forces intervene and six citizens are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7497018" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Villagers in Mexico fight over access to water supplies, with injuries and arrests", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.139399999999998414068613783456385135650634765625, "lng": -98.42050000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "description": "On January 13, in Huejutla de Reyes municipality, Hidalgo, a clash between the communities of Coxhuaco II and Xiquila over access to water leads to injuries and arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7618375" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clash over access to water in Lebanon leaves at least one injured", "date": "2021", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.83420000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "lng": 35.5142000000000024328983272425830364227294921875, "description": "On January 18, Msheik and Hjula clans clashed over access to water using guns and RPGs in Hai el Lailaki, Baabda, Lebanon. At least one injury is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7918867" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A worker at a wastewater treatment plant in California, U.S., remotely uninstalls software needed for safe operation", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 37.9087999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": -121.605999999999994543031789362430572509765625, "description": "In January 2021, a worker at a company providing services to the Discovery Bay, California, wastewater treatment plant remotely accesses the plant’s computers and uninstalls software critical to operating the facility’s network and protecting its water treatment systems, including water filtration, water pressure, and chemical levels maintenance. He is arrested, tried, and convicted.", "sources": [ "United States Attorney's Office 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Anti-dam activist receives death threats before his murder in Oaxaca, Mexico", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 17.5210000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "lng": -95.7651000000000038880898500792682170867919921875, "description": "An anti-dam activist, Fidel Heras Cruz, receives a death threat before being murdered in January 2021 in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. He had also been opposed to commercial sand and gravel extraction that damanged the river bed. Follwing this murder, the Mexican government confirmed that the hydroelectric project would continue.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Associated Press 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kiowa and Cheyenne demonstrators rally in Taos, New Mexico against water pipeline; one injured during protest", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.40729999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "lng": -105.5729999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "description": "On February 24, demonstrators from Kiowa and Cheyenne Tribes rally at a construction site in Taos, New Mexico against the construction of a water pipeline in protest of how the Abeyta Water Rights Settlement is being implemented. A demonstrator is injured", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7751534" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Eight are killed and many injured in a fight over a water well in Al Yatmah, Yemen", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.966699999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "lng": 45.066699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "description": "On February 13, 2021, militias affiliated with the Juayd Tribe and the Al Hussein tribe, and soldiers from the pro-Hadi 7th brigade in Al Yatmah (Khabb wa ash Shaaf), Yemen clash over a water well. The clashes result in eight fatalities and dozens of injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7697066" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hacker successfully manipulates chemical treatment systems at a Florida water treatment plant adding dangerous levels of sodium ", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 28.03419999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": -82.66509999999999536157702095806598663330078125, "description": "A hacker gains control of a small water treatment plant's chemical dosing computer program, causing the addition of dangerous amounts of sodium hydroxide to the community drinking water system. Staff spot the cyberattack and prevent contaminated water from being released to the community.", "sources": [ "British Broadcasting Corporation 2021c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over the rotation of irrigation water in Pakistan injures four", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.797000000000000596855898038484156131744384765625, "lng": 68.424700000000001409716787748038768768310546875, "description": "On March 4, a clash takes place between two groups of the Bohra community over the rotation of water injuring four men in Pir Chandam village, Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7739499" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "'Stop Line 3' protest related to water in US turns violent; demonstrators light fires, smash windows; arrests made", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 45.52340000000000230784280574880540370941162109375, "lng": -122.6760000000000019326762412674725055694580078125, "description": "On March 11, about 100 people gather for a 'Stop Line 3' demonstration in Portland, Oregon, United States in support of abolishing ICE, protecting water rights and quality, and against the proposed Line 3 oil pipeline expansion. The demonstration turns violent when around 50 to 60 demonstrators light fires, smash windows, and pull protective plywood off a federal courthouse. Federal officers fire tear gas and chemical munitions to disperse the crowd resulting in injuries and arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8073113" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported during a protest in Peru demanding the resumption of potable water and sewage services", "date": "2021", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -4.6532999999999997697841536137275397777557373046875, "lng": -80.246700000000004138200893066823482513427734375, "description": "On March 2, in Las Lomas, Peru, protestors block the Sullana highway that leads towards the International Bridge with Ecuador to demand the resumption of a potable water and sewage works that have been paused for eight years. Police intervene with tear gas and the demonstrators fight back rocks. An unknown number of injured citizens are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7730854" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple deaths are reported in violence over access to water between pastoralists and local militia in South Darfur, Sudan", "date": "2021", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.2749000000000005883293852093629539012908935546875, "lng": 25.14359999999999928377292235381901264190673828125, "description": "On March 1, Fellata pastoralists clash with Masalit militia in Gereida, South Darfur, Sudan after a member of the Fellata was killed at or near a water source. 11 more deaths are reported with another 36 wounded across two days of violence.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7732214" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Senegal protesting bad water quality refuse to pay their bills and beat up water company representatives sent to cu", "date": "2021", "country": "Senegal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.7903000000000002245315045001916587352752685546875, "lng": -15.9079999999999994741983755375258624553680419921875, "description": "On March 22, residents beat up representatives of the Sen'Eau national water distribution company in Mbacke, Diourbel, Senegal as they try to suspend the distribution of water to residents who had not paid their bills in protest of bad water quality.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8011591" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four river defenders from Paso de la Reina in Oaxaca, Mexico, are murdered within the span of a month", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 16.25150000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "lng": -97.5964000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "Four river defenders from the 500 person community of Paso de la Reina in Oaxaca, Mexico are murdered within the span of a single month, March 2021. The four include Raymundo Robles Riano, Noe Robles Cruz, Gerardo Mendoz Reyes, and Jaime Jimenez Ruiz. This is the same community where a pervious murder of an anti-dam activist occurred in January of the same year.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Muñoz Ramirez 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Nevada-based wastewater plant is targeted with malware that affects the SCADA system, USA", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 39.815100000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "lng": -117.3239999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "description": "In March 2021, a Nevada-based wastewater plant is targeted with an unknown malware strain that affects the SCADA system.", "sources": [ "Ahmed 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Another nine indigenous leaders, also opposing a dam project, are killed in the Philippines by police ", "date": "2021", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 14.615600000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "lng": 121.3719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "Three months after the killing of nine Indigenous leaders on Panay Island—deaths that human rights advocates link to opposition against two dam projects—a similar tragedy unfolded in the Philippines. On what became known as “Bloody Sunday,” joint raids by the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Philippine Army (PA) targeted Indigenous people accused of being communist insurgents. The raids resulted in six arrests and nine deaths, including environmental activists Puroy Berhemedo de la Cruz and Randy Pulong Berhemedo de la Cruz of the Dumagat Sierra Madre group, who had campaigned for Indigenous rights and against the Kaliwa Dam project.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "International Federation for Human Rights 2021", "Business & Human Rights Resource Centre n.d.-d" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community organizer and river defender murdered in Guerrero, Mexico", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 16.8856999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": -99.6110000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "description": "A community organizer and river defender, Isaías Elacio Palma, is murdered in March 2021, in Cacahuatepec in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. His son had been murdered in 2018 for defending the environment as well.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "González Chacón et al. 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two men are killed, three injured in a clash over irrigation water rotation in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.462399999999998811972545809112489223480224609375, "lng": 68.716599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "On April 29, a clash takes place between the Mangrio and Nohani communities over the rotation of water. Shots are fired, killing two men and injuring three others in Tando Allahyar city, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7933859" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over a drinking water well in Xudun, Somalia kills at least ten people", "date": "2021", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.1548999999999995935695551452226936817169189453125, "lng": 47.47760000000000246700437855906784534454345703125, "description": "On April 16, a fight over a drinking water well between militias in the Dhabar-Dalool village near Xudun, Somalia kills at least ten people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7875383" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Border guards from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan exchange fire over a water source, killing dozens and wounding hundreds", "date": "2021", "country": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.8789000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": 70.5191999999999978854248183779418468475341796875, "description": "Between April 28 and 30, 2021, border guards and rioters from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan exchange fire over the control of a water canal and pumping site along the Isfara River. Several dozen casualties and hundreds of hospitalizations were reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7931294, 7931294, 7971544", "Auyezov et al 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple injuries are reported during demonstrations over cutoffs of water and electricity in North Darfur, Sudan", "date": "2021", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "On April 11, students in El Fasher, North Darfur demonstrate against poor living conditions including the interruption of water and electricity. Rioters block main roads and set fire to tires and at least six members of the armed forces and several students are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7875058" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death is reported in a fight over access to a water point in the village of Malual Deng Ngor, South Sudan", "date": "2021", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.0082000000000004291678123991005122661590576171875, "lng": 27.45909999999999939745976007543504238128662109375, "description": "On April 16, two groups of women armed with sticks fight over access to a water point in the village of Malual Deng Ngor in Yargot payam, South Sudan. One woman dies in the incident and five are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8073672" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "11 people are reported shot in a fire fight over access to water in Guinea", "date": "2021", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.433299999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "lng": -9.1166999999999998038902049302123486995697021484375, "description": "On May 17, villagers of Dankakoro and Banfelebougou villages, Guinea engage in fire fights around Dankakoro village over access to a disputed water point. 11 people are shot and injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7993103" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over the use of irrigation water in the Punjab, Pakistan injures at least eight", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.999900000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "lng": 73.256200000000006866684998385608196258544921875, "description": "On May 6, at least eight people are injured in a clash between two groups of villagers in Bahawalnagar district (Punjab), Pakistan over the usage of irrigation water in the village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 7973977" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers in Isfahan, Iran clash with police over water shortages and diversions of water from the region", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.652500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 51.67459999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "description": "On May 25, farmers demonstrate in Isfahan, Iran over issues stemming from shortages and lack of access to Zayandehrud River water. A conflict with police result in several injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8056330" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Lumas, Albania protest against the use of a local water source, leading to at least one severe injury", "date": "2021", "country": "Albania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 40.8164000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": 19.99940000000000139834810397587716579437255859375, "description": "On May 21, locals protest in Lumas, Albania against the use of a water source for municipal purposes. The police use force when residents block the road severely injuring one protester.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8005374" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over access to water leads to one death and two injuries in Cameroon", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.40429999999999921556081972084939479827880859375, "lng": 14.5661000000000004916955731459893286228179931640625, "description": "On May 18, villagers fight in Waza village (Logone-et-Chari, Extreme-Nord), Cameroon over access to a water point. One person is killed, and two others injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8010460" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Extensive attacks on Gaza disrupt water supplies for 800,000 people", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "Around 800,000 people in Gaza lack regular access to piped water in the wake of the 11-day fighting in 2021 that damages around half of the water network or cuts off electricity required for the water system, says the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Gaza municipality authorities say in a statement that 290 water-supply facilities, including the only desalination plant in northern Gaza, are damaged during the attack.", "sources": [ "The Water Diplomat 2021", "UNICEF 2021", "Humaid 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kajaki Dam in Afghanistan is attacked by the Taliban", "date": "2021", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.33059999999999689634933019988238811492919921875, "lng": 64.1132999999999952933649183250963687896728515625, "description": "Kajaki Dam on the Helmand River in Afghanistan, which provides power to more than three million people including the cities of Kandahar and Lashkar Gah, is attacked by the Taliban.", "sources": [ "France24 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over the diversion of flood waters for irrigation in Nepal leads to 15 injuries", "date": "2021", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.926899999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "lng": 85.202899999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "On June 26, a group of locals, including a ward chairperson, clash with others in Maulapur municipality, Nepal over diverting flood water into local fields. 15 people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8374863" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A fight over a water reservoir near Baxdo, Somalia kills two and injures three others", "date": "2021", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 5.78329999999999966320274324971251189708709716796875, "lng": 47.21670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "On June 5, two clan militias fight over a water reservoir near Baxdo village, Galgaduud, Somalia. Two people are killed and three others are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8069450" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest in Afghanistan over lack of clean drinking water and other services results in three deaths and more than 40 injuries", "date": "2021", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 37.11659999999999826059138285927474498748779296875, "lng": 70.5799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "description": "On June 8, 200 demonstrators in the city of Fayzabad, Badakhshan, Afghanistan protest inadequate security and a lack of electricity and clean drinking water. The demonstrators clash with police, throwing stones and wood at security forces and setting fire to a tax collection office building. Three demonstrators are killed and 43 others were wounded after police responded by shooting.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8071621" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water dispute in the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan results in at least one hospitalization", "date": "2021", "country": "Kyrgyzstan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 42.8113000000000027966962079517543315887451171875, "lng": 75.4352999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "On June 23, a resident of Iskra village near Tokmok city in the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan is assaulted by the villagers from a neighboring town following a water dispute. One hospitalization is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8359742" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water project in Al Hudaydah, Yemen is attacked", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.93169999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "lng": 43.48310000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "description": "On June 16, Houthi attack the Al Khamiri water project in Hays city (Al Hudaydah), Yemen. According to the source, the work on the water project is interrupted by the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8165518" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported in a dispute over water wells and land near Qorilow village, Somalia", "date": "2021", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.35259999999999980246911945869214832782745361328125, "lng": 45.735399999999998499333742074668407440185546875, "description": "On June 25, Hassan Gaab clan militia clash with Cosoble Ali militia in Qorilow village, Somalia over water wells and land in the area. The injured are rushed to Warshikh town for medical attention.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8366959" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian olive trees and irrigation systems in Wadi Qana, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.15910000000000223963070311583578586578369140625, "lng": 35.10640000000000071622707764618098735809326171875, "description": "On June 23, Israeli settlers uproot 10 olive trees and ruin water containers and an irrigation network in a Palestinian-owned farm in Wadi Qana, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8266764" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian olive trees and steal a water pump in Nablus", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.06680000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "lng": 35.31660000000000110276232589967548847198486328125, "description": "On June 28, 2021, Israeli settlers from the Ahya settlement uproot Palestinian-owned olive trees and steal a water pump and electric wires in the village of Jalud, Nablus.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8366309" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local villagers and farmers tear down an earthen dam on the Dez River, Khuzestan, Iran in opposition to water diversions", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 31.606899999999999550936990999616682529449462890625, "lng": 48.73780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "On June 14, local villagers and farmers tear down an earthen dam on the Dez River near the Dehkhoda Sugarcane Development Company, Seffak (Khuzestan), Iran in opposition to the diversion of water from the river.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8419552" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Brahmin group assaults Dalit community members over drawing water from a shared well in Malarh, India", "date": "2021", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.9243000000000023419488570652902126312255859375, "lng": 75.1356999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "description": "On July 9, a Brahmin caste group assaults Dalit community members at Malarh village in Udhampur district (J&K), India, over drawing water from a shared well. Several Dalit community members are injured in the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8383819" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over the construction of an irrigation water canal in Pakistan leads to two deaths and one injury", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.125, "lng": 73.11029999999999517967808060348033905029296875, "description": "On July 9, farmers shoot and killed two other farmers and injure one other in Faisalabad, Pakistan, over the construction of an irrigation water canal.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8391862" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over the rotation of water results in injuries in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.563700000000000756017470848746597766876220703125, "lng": 68.215000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "On July 25, two groups of the Khuhawar community attack each other with sticks, injuring one man in Sarang Khuhawar village, Pakistan. The dispute is over rotation of water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8413325" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A farmer is killed in a dispute over irrigation water in Punjab, India", "date": "2021", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.333600000000000562749846721999347209930419921875, "lng": 74.1547000000000053887561080045998096466064453125, "description": "On July 25, a farmer is attacked and killed by his neighbors in Kamal Wala village (Fazilka district, Punjab), India, over a water canal dispute.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8413274" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Water Resources Department staff member was assaulted by farmers in Punjab, India over the alleged theft of irrigation water", "date": "2021", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.375699999999998368593878694809973239898681640625, "lng": 76.1529000000000024783730623312294483184814453125, "description": "Around July 9, a staff member of the Water Resources Department, Punjab, India is attacked and injured by farmers in Lualaba village (Nabha, Patiala district), when stopped from allegedly stealing water from canals.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8391970" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water station is destroyed near Ar-Raqqa, Syria", "date": "2021", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.00229999999999819237928022630512714385986328125, "lng": 38.8875000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "On July 17, an IED planted by an unidentified armed group in Beir Al-Hashim in Ar-Raqqa detonates inside the well project and renders the water station inoperable.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8395035" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An unidentified group destroys a water plant providing water in Libya", "date": "2021", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.978600000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "lng": 14.2600999999999995537791619426570832729339599609375, "description": "On July 29, an unidentified armed group blows up water station 353 on the Man-made River near Ash Shwayrif (Al Jabal Al Gharbi), Libya, disrupting water supply to Bani Walid, Misrata, Khoms, and Zliten.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8403559" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed assailants attack police in Shadegan, Iran amid water shortage protests, killing one officer and injuring three others", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.64920000000000044337866711430251598358154296875, "lng": 48.66499999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "description": "On July 24, unidentified armed assailants open fire on and injure four policemen in Shadegan city (Khuzestan), Iran. The attack occurs in the context of continued tension and protests over water shortages. One police officer dies.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8425789" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least three are killed in a clash over the distribution of water in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.037400000000001654143488849513232707977294921875, "lng": 70.6383000000000009777068044058978557586669921875, "description": "On July 8, at least three people are killed in a clash including exchange of gunfire over water distribution in Dera Ghazi Khan city, Punjab, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8383559" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths and injuries are reported in a fight over water supply in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.90559999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 72.6740999999999957026375341229140758514404296875, "description": "On July 27, two groups exchange fire killing two people and injuring seven in Tangoo Basi, Pakistan, over a water supply line.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8413382" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths are reported in demonstrations in Khuzestan, Iran over electrical outages, water shortages, and the transfer of water out", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.556599999999999539568307227455079555511474609375, "lng": 49.18849999999999766941982670687139034271240234375, "description": "In mid- to late-July, protestors clash with police and other security forces in Bandar e Mahshahr, Susangerd, Ahvaz, Izeh, and Aligudarz (Khuzestan), Iran over repeated and prolonged electrical outages, water shortages, and the transfer of water from Khuzestan to other provinces. Explosions and gunfire are heard and several demonstrators and at least one policeman is reported killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8394011, 8394012, 8394005, 8394006, 8394007, 8394000, 8394002, 8733596" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers protest lack of access to water and droughts in Isfahan, Iran. Several protesters are injured", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.652500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 51.67459999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "description": "On July 4, farmers protest in front of the Isfahan provincial governorate building in Iran over lack of access to water and droughts affecting the Zayandehrud River. Police reportedly intervene, beating and injuring several protesters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8375665" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Islamic State militants destroy a water tanker in Egypt", "date": "2021", "country": "Egypt", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.216100000000000846966941026039421558380126953125, "lng": 34.11110000000000042064129956997931003570556640625, "description": "On July 17, 2021, Islamic State militants target a water tanker with an IED in Sheikh Zuwayid (Al Shiekh Zuwaid, North Sinai), Egypt, destroying it.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8394438" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy a Palestinian irrigation water tank in Nablus, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.1929999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "lng": 35.37129999999999796500560478307306766510009765625, "description": "On July 15, Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned water container of 500 cubic meters in Bayt Dajan, Nablus, West Bank, which was used for irrigation.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8384463" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy irrigation water pipes in the West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On July 6, Israeli military forces raid the village of Al Jiwaya, Hebron, West Bank and uproot water pipes used for irrigation.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8375906" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian orchards and irrigation systems in Nablus, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "On July 2, Israeli settlers uproot 84 Palestinian-owned fruit trees and destroy irrigation pipes and water containers near the settlements of Shilo and Shvut Rachel in the lands of the village of Qaryut, Nablus.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8366312" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mauritanian protests over water shortages and electricity cuts result in injuries and arrests", "date": "2021", "country": "Mauritania", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.8171999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": -9.3652999999999995139887687400914728641510009765625, "description": "On July 2, the Mauritanian police use tear gas to disperse hundreds of residents of Kobenni, Mauritania protesting regular water shortages and electricity cuts affecting the city. One policemen is injured and several people are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8535238" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinians destroy water pipes that provide water to Israeli settlements near Nablus in the West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.08539999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": 35.3301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "On July 5, Palestinians destroy water pipes that provide water to Esh Kodesh and Migdalim settlements near Qusra, Nablus, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8375870" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters demanding improvements in water, sewage, and electrical services in Najaf, Iraq are attacked, injuring at least one", "date": "2021", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.02590000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 44.34620000000000317186277243308722972869873046875, "description": "On July 31, dozens of people protest to demand improvements in basic services such as water, sewage, and electricity in Najaf city, Iraq. Unknown militants attacked the protesters with knives, injuring at least one protester.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8459077" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian warplanes destroy an agricultural water pumping station near Idlib, Syria", "date": "2021", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.929000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": 36.635300000000000864019966684281826019287109375, "description": "On July 3, Russian warplanes launch airstrikes on the water pumping station in al Rouj area in Idlib, destroying the station that served over 3500 hectares of farmland. No fatalities or injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8380745" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sabotage to water infrastructure occurs in Hasawna, Libya ", "date": "2021", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 28.588699999999999334931999328546226024627685546875, "lng": 13.561299999999999243982529151253402233123779296875, "description": "Around July 13, an unidentified armed group carries out acts of sabotage to damage water infrastructure in Hasawna (Wadi Ashshati, South), Libya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8385887" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The main water pipeline diverting water from Isfahan to Yazd, Iran is destroyed by farmers and residents", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.5767000000000024328983272425830364227294921875, "lng": 51.4549999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "description": "Around July 31, farmers and residents destroy the main water pipeline from Isfahan to Yazd around Isfahan, Iran.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8426482" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two communities in Ciudad de Mexico clash over water infrastructure, with several injuries reported", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.26350000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": -99.1049000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "On July 20, in Ciudad de Mexico - Xochimilco, residents from two mountain communities clash with each other over a water project in San Mateo Xalpa. The confrontation was between supporters and opponents of the water work in the Cola de Conejo tank. Several people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8393753" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "While in search of pasture and water, militias clash with police at Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya, killing at least one", "date": "2021", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.53680000000000005488942633746773935854434967041015625, "lng": 36.48799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "On July 31, militias clash with police at the Laikipia Nature Conservancy in Wangwaci village in Ol-Moran town, Laikipia, Kenya. One officer is killed. The militias invade several ranches in the conservancy in search of pasture and water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8460925, 8460922" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Maine, U.S., a wastewater facility’s computer is attacked by ransomware, forcing the system to be shut down", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 45.0099000000000017962520360015332698822021484375, "lng": -69.142200000000002546585164964199066162109375, "description": "In July 2021, a ransomware attack is launched against a Maine-based wastewater facility’s SCADA computer forcing the automated system to be shut down and run in manual mode.", "sources": [ "Ahmed 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling by rebel forces in Donetsk, Ukraine cause blackouts and one village to loose water supply", "date": "2021", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.85379999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "lng": 37.4840999999999979763742885552346706390380859375, "description": "On August 11, the NAF rebel forces fire mortars at the governmental positions near Novomykhaylivka, Donetsk, Ukraine. As a result of the shelling, one Ukrainian soldier is injured, and the territory of the farm and the power transmission line are damaged, causing blackouts of settlements and leaving Novomykhaylivka village without water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8471752" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over shortage of drinking water, illegal fishing, and lack of electricity leads to two injuries in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.12160000000000081854523159563541412353515625, "lng": 62.32540000000000190993887372314929962158203125, "description": "On August 17, a demonstration in Gwadar city, Pakistan against water shortages, illegal fishing, and electricity cutoffs leads to a clash injuring two people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8476686" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute between local residents and farmers in Tarata, Bolivia over the use of water lead to at least two injuries", "date": "2021", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.611399999999999721467247582040727138519287109375, "lng": -66.0233999999999952024154481478035449981689453125, "description": "On August 18 in Tarata, Cochabamba, Bolivia locals and irrigation farmers clash near La Angostura dam after a blockade was implemented by the workers. The blockade was set up to demand the use of the water from the dam to irrigate land in the region. Local residents argue the water should be used for tourism and local fish farming activities. At least two injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8431728" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators in Kiev, Ukraine rally against renewal of water supplies to Crimea, resulting in violent clashes with police", "date": "2021", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 50.44959999999999666897565475665032863616943359375, "lng": 30.522400000000001085709300241433084011077880859375, "description": "On August 14, activists demonstrate in Kiev against the implementation of the Steinmeier formula on Donbas conflict settlement and the renewal of water supplies to Russia-occupied Crimea. The demonstrators provoke clashes with police using tear gas, tires, and other items. Eight officers are reportedly injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8471091" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmer/pastoralist violence over land and water lead to at least one death in Baringo region of Kenya", "date": "2021", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.5138000000000000344613226843648590147495269775390625, "lng": 36.175600000000002864908310584723949432373046875, "description": "On August 5, an unidentified communal militia shoot and kill a pastoralist in the Embosos area in Arabal village, Marigat, Baringo, Kenya. At least 38 cattle are stolen from pastoralists in search of pasture and water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8461043" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four are killed and eight injured in a fight over the distribution of irrigation water in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.563700000000000756017470848746597766876220703125, "lng": 68.215000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "On August 1, two groups from the communities of Chandio and Bohar, Pakistan exchanged fire, killing four people and injuring eight, over the distribution of irrigation water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8477231" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces demolish a medical unit, water well, and under-construction mosque in Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On August 25, Israeli military forces demolish a medical unit, water well, and an under-construction mosque west of Yuta town, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8425979" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish agricultural facilities including a water well in the West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On August 11, 2021, Israeli military forces demolish agricultural facilities, including a water well, caravans, and agricultural rooms in Mosafer Yuta, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8425870" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy a Palestinian agricultural water tank near Jenin, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.4457000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "lng": 35.1681999999999987949195201508700847625732421875, "description": "On August 9, Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned agricultural water tank used for farming near Yabad, Jenin, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8425855" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy an agricultural structure and water well in Bethlehem, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.665199999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "lng": 35.1672999999999973397279973141849040985107421875, "description": "On August 4, 2021, Israeli military forces demolish five Palestinian-owned agricultural store rooms and a water well in Wadi Rahhal, Bethlehem, West Bank, on the pretext of not having building permits.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8426789" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Landmines intended to disrupt the Al Hudaydah city water-supply pipeline in Yemen are defused", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.7752999999999996560973158921115100383758544921875, "lng": 43.01100000000000278532752417959272861480712890625, "description": "On August 13, the National Resistance forces engineering team defuse Houthi landmines planted around a water pipe near the Red Sea Mills company in Al Hudaydah, Yemen. According to the source, the mines were going to disrupt city water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8429149" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between fishers and ranchers over water displace thousands between Cameroon and Chad", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon, Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.12069999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "lng": 15.0540000000000002700062395888380706310272216796875, "description": "Clashes between Mousgoum fishermen and Arab Choua cattle ranchers over water usage displace at least 11,000 civilians between Cameroon and Chad in August 2021.", "sources": [ "Voice of America News 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Spokesperson for organization opposed to La Parota Dam in Mexico is kidnapped and never found", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 16.862899999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "lng": -99.8910000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "description": "An activist and spokesperson for the Consejo de Ejidos y Comunidades Opositoras a la Presa La Parota (The Council of Ejidos and Community Opposing the Parota Dam), Vicente Iván Suástegui Muñoz, is kidnapped while driving his taxi cab in Acapulco, Mexico in 2021. Sr. Muñoz had been defending land and water since 2003. His brother, Marco Antonio Suástegui Muñoz, is murdered in 2025 after a multi-year effort to bring justice to his brother's disapperance. The Parota Dam would affect 24 rural communities and displace approximately 25,000 people in the Mexican state of Guerrero.", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Wikipedia contributors 2025a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes in Missiska, Cameroon over water and land kill 45, injure 74; 19 villages burned, 40 abandoned after cattle deaths", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon, Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.153800000000000380850906367413699626922607421875, "lng": 14.5132999999999992013499650056473910808563232421875, "description": "In the village of Missiska in the Logone Birni division, northern Cameroon, violent clashes over water and land use erupt when a basin dug by Musgum fisherfolk trapped and killed cattle belonging to Arab Choa herders. The conflict kills at least 45 people and injures 74 others. At least 19 villages are burned down and 40 others abandoned by the inhabitants.", "sources": [ "International Crisis Group 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over a proposed water project in Al Ashah, Yemen results in three deaths and one injury", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.256499999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "lng": 43.8547999999999973397279973141849040985107421875, "description": "On September 5, clashes erupt between Sufyan and Al Usaymat tribesmen in Al Ashah, Yemen over a water project that Houthi forces are planning in a contested area between the two tribes. The clashes result in three fatalities and one injury.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8532662" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A pastoralist is killed and four others injured in a dispute over land and water near Kismayo, Somalia", "date": "2021", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -0.360300000000000009148237722911289893090724945068359375, "lng": 42.546300000000002228262019343674182891845703125, "description": "On September 17, suspected Awramale clan militia shoot and kill a pastoralist from Majeerteen clan in the vicinity of Kismayo town, Somalia, in a dispute over water and land. Four other injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8565318" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A pipeline carrying water to a joint Myanmar-China mine is bombed by a militia group opposed to the Myanmar military regime", "date": "2021", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 21.974599999999998800603862036950886249542236328125, "lng": 95.07769999999999299689079634845256805419921875, "description": "On September 9, in Salingyi township (Yinmarbin district, Sagaing region), Myanmar a water pipeline transporting water from the Chindwin River to the Myanmar Wanbao and Myanmar Yangtze copper mines (a joint venture between China and a Myanmar military-owned holding company) is bombed by a local militia group. The group stated that the bombing was carried out because China had been ignoring the 'desires of Myanmar people for democracy and backing the military junta.'", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8537392" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A social activist protesting inadequate water service is shot and killed in Mexico", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.921800000000001062971932697109878063201904296875, "lng": -99.2348999999999961119101499207317829132080078125, "description": "On September 7, in Cuernavaca, Morelos, a social activist is shot and killed by two armed men in his house in Colonia Antonio Barona, Mexico. The victim led several protests to demand water service and created groups to prevent the Federal Commission of Electricity from suspending electricity to the wells.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8532287" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike hits rural water and electricity authority in Sana, Yemen", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4147999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "lng": 44.202899999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "On September 12, an airstrike hits a rural water and electricity authority in Al-Thawrah District, Sana, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attempt to steal water from a government-owned water channel leads to gunfire and injuries in Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.56779999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "lng": 73.1817999999999955207385937683284282684326171875, "description": "On September 9, officials of an irrigation department are attacked in Faisalabad, Pakistan after refusing to let people steal water from a government-owned channel.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8541019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers protesting water shortages and drought are beaten and arrested in Shaban village, Iran", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.19089999999999918145476840436458587646484375, "lng": 48.3744999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "On September 1, farmers protest water shortages and drought in Shaban village near Nahavand city (Hamadan), Iran. They are confronted by police who beat them and make several arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8425500" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy a water-distribution system near Bayta in the West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.14139999999999730562194599770009517669677734375, "lng": 35.2854999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "description": "On September 17, Israeli military bulldozers raze all roads and a water distribution system leading to Jabal Subeih in Bayta town (Nablus) to prevent access to the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8544295" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One farmer is killed in a dispute over canal water irrigation in Punjab, India", "date": "2021", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.036899999999999266719896695576608180999755859375, "lng": 74.200999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "description": "On September 23, a group of men allegedly attack a farmer and his son in Amarpura village (Abohar, Fazilka district, Punjab), India, over a canal water irrigation dispute. The farmer died.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8568685" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest over lack of irrigation water in Azerbaijan leads to at least one injury", "date": "2021", "country": "Azerbaijan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.93560000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "lng": 48.3667999999999977944753482006490230560302734375, "description": "On September 28, 2021, residents of Nabatkend, Ortamugan and Kolpu villages of Saatly region of Azerbaijan protest the lack of irrigation water and control of water by \"Baku oligarchs.\" Police intervene and injure a protester who was transported to the hospital.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8581293" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Cangandala, Angola for improved water and electricity supply leads to clashes with police and injuries", "date": "2021", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -9.783300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 16.433299999999999130295691429637372493743896484375, "description": "On September 25, 2021, protests in Cangandala (Cangandala, Malanje, Angola) to demand water and electricity are met with violence. Three injuries and eight arrests are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8586839" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hackers use a ransomware variant against a New Jersey-based wastewater treatment facility, USA", "date": "2021", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 39.550600000000002864908310584723949432373046875, "lng": -74.7496000000000009322320693172514438629150390625, "description": "In September 2021, threat actors use a ransomware variant against a New Jersey-based wastewater treatment facility.", "sources": [ "Ahmed 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five people are injured in a clash over the waters of the Longone River, Cameroon.", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon, Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.3882999999999992013499650056473910808563232421875, "lng": 14.707499999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "description": "Arab Choa people from Malia and Toukoumaya villages clash in a land and water dispute around Waza, a town in Logone-et-Chari. Five people are injured.", "sources": [ "International Crisis Group 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A conflict over control of and access to water results in one death to a child collecting water in Yemen", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.8894000000000001904254531837068498134613037109375, "lng": 43.5767000000000024328983272425830364227294921875, "description": "On October 24, 2021, clashes between Abu Shusa tribesmen and Sabara tribesmen supported by Houthi forces result in the death of a child in Wadi Mawr (Al Maghrabah, Hajjah), Yemen as the child was getting water from the area. According to one source, Houthi forces prevent citizens from other tribes from collecting water in the area claiming that it is within 'Hashemite property'.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8611596, 8611736" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute over canal water in Okara, Pakistan kills two and injures three", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.030699999999999505462255910970270633697509765625, "lng": 73.631900000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "description": "On October 9, two people are killed and three are injured when armed men fire bullets at a family in Okara, Pakistan, allegedly over a canal water dispute.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8601883" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A man is killed in a clash over irrigation water in the Punjab, Pakistan", "date": "2021", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.12089999999999889723767410032451152801513671875, "lng": 74.4131000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "On October 8, a man was shot dead during a clash between two groups over irrigation water at Gagar village, Punjab, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8602001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Civilians fetching water are killed by Islamic militants in Mozambique", "date": "2021", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -12.2230000000000007531752999057061970233917236328125, "lng": 40.5046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "On October 22, Islamist militia attack and kill several civilians fetching water in Lumumua, Mozambique.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8611892" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported in a clash between farmers and miners over the Arque River in Bolivia", "date": "2021", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.711800000000000210320649784989655017852783203125, "lng": -66.2648999999999972487785271368920803070068359375, "description": "On October 23, in Capinota, Cochabamba, Bolivia farmers and mining workers from Sicaya clash for control of Arque river and a watershed. Drought and a dispute over water for mining are the main issues. Three people were injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8613014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy a waterdistribution network near Hebron in the West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On October 25, Israeli military forces bulldoze a water distribution network and a road that links Palestinian villages with Musafer Yuta, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8610568" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death is reported in a dispute over the control of a local water body in Bangladesh", "date": "2021", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.55030000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 90.889499999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "On October 3, armed assailant(s) shoot and kill a person at Digdair village in Tarail Upazila (Kishoreganj), over the control of a local water body.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8590865" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saudi-led air raids target the Rural Electricity and Water Authority in Aththaorah district, Yemen", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3910999999999997811528373858891427516937255859375, "lng": 44.19290000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "On October 21, Saudi-led coalition air raids targeted Aththaorah district, Yemen, striking the Rural Electricity and Water Authority. The Saudi-led coalition claims to have struck Houthi sites used for launching drones and ballistic missiles in Sanaa.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8611555" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Report that Ethiopian National Defense Forces conducted an airstrike against the Tekeze Dam ", "date": "2021", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.955500000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": 37.640500000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "description": "On November 30, the Ethiopian National Defense Force conduct an airstrike in the Tekeze area targeting Tigray People's Liberation Front forces, in Asgede, Tigray, Ethiopia. The TPLF claim the government attacked Tekeze dam; the government deny the accusation and warn members of TPLF not to release the water from the dam. Casualties due to the airstrike are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8696304" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A demonstration in France over the construction of irrigation tanks leads to the destruction of water infrastructure and a clash", "date": "2021", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 46.21990000000000264890331891365349292755126953125, "lng": -0.72240000000000004209965709378593601286411285400390625, "description": "On November 6, demonstrators gathered in Cramchaban, France to protest the construction of 19 irrigation tanks in the area. They damage water pumps, burning equipment, and empty a water reservoir. Police respond with tear gas.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8648986" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Palestinian-owned water spring near Hebron is sealed by Israeli military forces", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.623300000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "lng": 35.104500000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "On November 4, Israeli military forces seal a Palestinian-owned water spring east of Bayt Ummar, Hebron, West Bank, to prevent farmers from using it.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8623420" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water well is damaged after Houthi forces target civilian farms in Al Hudaydah, Yemen", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.1836000000000002074784788419492542743682861328125, "lng": 43.2263999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "description": "On November 4, Houthi forces target civilian farms in At Tuhayat district (Al Hudaydah), Yemen, with mortars damaging a water well. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8629246" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers rally in Isfahan, Iran over water shortages; police use tear gas and rubber bullets, dozens injured, 60+ arrested", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.652500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 51.67459999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "description": "On November 26, farmers and supporters rally at the dried Zayandehrud riverbed and throughout the streets of Isfahan, Iran demanding the government address water shortages. Police attacked the demonstrators with tear gas, rubber bullets, and batons, and make between 60-214 arrests; the internet is shut down, and the city is put under security lockdown. Dozens of demonstrators are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8734218", "Fassihi 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests in Araucania and Biobio, Chile over water rights and hydro plant spark clashes, equipment destruction, and arrests", "date": "2021", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -37.81000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "lng": -73.2750999999999947931428323499858379364013671875, "description": "In November 2021, demonstrations in the Araucania and Biobio regions of Chile over water rights, a local hydroelectric power plant, and other water concerns lead to conflicts with local police, destruction of equipment from the Rural Drinking Water Project, shootings, and arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8627617, 8604869" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy a water tank in Al Khadir, the West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.69409999999999882902557146735489368438720703125, "lng": 35.16689999999999827196006663143634796142578125, "description": "On November 1, 2021, Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian water tank in Al Khadir (Bethlehem, West Bank) for not having a building permit.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8623409" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy Palestinian agricultural facilities, including water tanks, near the Maskiyot settlement, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.316699999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "lng": 35.5, "description": "On November 1, 2021, Israeli military forces demolish Palestinian-owned agricultural facilities including sheds, water tanks, and solar cells in Khirbat Al Maytah west of Maskiyot Israeli settlement, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8623408" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian water well in Nilin; a protest results in multiple injuries", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.94669999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 35.02170000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "On November 29, 2021, Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned water well in Nilin (Ramallah and Al Bireh), West Bank used for agricultural purposes. A protest against the destruction results in multiple injuries from rubber bullets and tear gas.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8670809, 8670820" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces dismantle and destroy residential tents and water tanks of Palestinian farmers in Umm al Jamal, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.33039999999999736246536485850811004638671875, "lng": 35.50189999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "description": "On November 7, Israeli military forces dismantle and destroy residential tents and sheds, including three water tanks, belonging to Palestinian farmers in Umm al Jamal, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8643190" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces raze a Palestinian irrigation system near Khirbat Atuf, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.26299999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "lng": 35.437600000000003319655661471188068389892578125, "description": "On November 28, 2021, Israeli military forces raze a Palestinian water network (four kilometers long) used for agricultural purposes in Khirbat Atuf, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8670806" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy agricultural equipment, including water tanks in Shufah, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.27550000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 35.081400000000002137312549166381359100341796875, "description": "On November 21, settlers from Avnei Hefetz break into a Palestinian-owned agricultural warehouse in Shufah village, West Bank, and destroy agricultural materials and water tanks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8658862" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers from the Yitzhar settlement damage a Palestinian-owned water well", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.18589999999999662350091966800391674041748046875, "lng": 35.231099999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "description": "On November 6, Israeli settlers from the Yitzhar settlement damage a Palestinian-owned water well in the Nabeaa Sufli area, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8643182" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over access to water between different ethnic groups in Cameroon leads to at least 22 deaths and hundreds of refugees", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.0769000000000001904254531837068498134613037109375, "lng": 15.03059999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "description": "On December 9, armed men from the Musgum and Massa ethnic groups clashed with Arab Choas in Kousseri town (Logone-et-Chari, Extreme-Nord), Cameroon over the ownership of a water spot. At least 22 people were killed over three days; hundreds of people are displaced to N'Djamena in Chad.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8686676, 8686675, 8686675" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A man who tries to rob a water pump in Mexico is beaten by local residents", "date": "2021", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.059999999999998721023075631819665431976318359375, "lng": -96.7254999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "description": "On December 10, in Oaxaca de Juarez, Mexico a man is undressed, beaten, and tied up after he tries to rob a water pump.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8688493" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest in Trelew, Argentina over environmental and water concerns of a mining project turns violent", "date": "2021", "country": "Argentina", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -43.25269999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "lng": -65.3062000000000040245140553452074527740478515625, "description": "In December 2021 in Trelew (Chubut), Argentina, a group protests the approval of the mining project in Chubut's province, demand the law's repeal and improved protection of water. Multiple government buildings are set on fire; police respond with tear gas and rubber bullets; more than 30 injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8702468, 8702001, 8702000, 8702958" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attack on a water tanker delivering water to pastoralists affected by drought in Somalia kills four", "date": "2021", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -0.63200000000000000621724893790087662637233734130859375, "lng": 41.98389999999999844249032321386039257049560546875, "description": "On December 2, an unidentified group attacks a water tanker delivering water to pastoralists affected by drought near Buulo Xaaji village, Lower Juba, Somalia. Four people are killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8673592" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Azerbaijan and Armenian forces clash over water", "date": "2021", "country": "Armenia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.1811000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "lng": 44.513599999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "On December 8, 2021, the Ministry of Defense of Armenia report that military forces of Azerbaijan open fire on a car belonging to the military of Armenia transporting water in the South-Western part of the Armenia-Azerbaijan border.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8691565" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military cut down Palestinian olive trees and destroy a water well in Birin, West Bank", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.4909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": 35.14670000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "On December 14, 2021, Israeli military forces raze 120 olive trees belonging to Palestinians in Birin, West Bank and destroy a water well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8697574" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces confiscate West Bank Palestinian agricultural equipment, including five water tanks", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.2725999999999970668795867823064327239990234375, "lng": 35.4932000000000016370904631912708282470703125, "description": "On 1 December 2021, Israeli military forces confiscate Palestinian-owned agricultural equipment in Khirbet ar Ras al Ahmar, West Bank, including tractors, vehicles, and five water tanks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8670817" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned house and a water well near Hebron", "date": "2021", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.466899999999998982502802391536533832550048828125, "lng": 35.13669999999999760120772407390177249908447265625, "description": "On December 7, 2021, Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned house and a water well in Abu Khashabeh, Hebron.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8687926" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants sabotage electric lines near Ouorou, Burkina Faso, disrupting water access", "date": "2021", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.40220000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "lng": -3.094300000000000050448534238967113196849822998046875, "description": "In December militants sabotage the electric lines and destroy a water pump near Ouorou (Toeni, Sourou), Burkina Faso cutting off the water supply to the area. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8706915, 8687475" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militias in Somalia kill two in a dispute over water and grazing land", "date": "2021", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.9793000000000002813749233609996736049652099609375, "lng": 45.8085999999999984311216394416987895965576171875, "description": "On December 20, militias fighting over water and grazing land kill two from Hawadle clan near Banyaaley village, Hiraan, Somalia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8707004, 8707086" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple deaths and population displacements reported in clash between clans in Basuke, Marsabit, Kenya", "date": "2021", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.3330000000000001847411112976260483264923095703125, "lng": 37.98299999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "description": "Around December 25, Degodia and Borana ethnic militias engage in an armed clash over scarce water and pasture at Basuke, in Marsabit county, Kenya. 11 people are killed and over 300 families are displaced by the conflict into Basir town in Wajir.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8704831" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Kerman, Iran clash with police over wells drilled on their lands to transfer water to other regions", "date": "2021", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.350100000000001188027454190887510776519775390625, "lng": 56.77980000000000160298441187478601932525634765625, "description": "On December 25, residents demonstrate in Shamsabad village (Kerman), Iran in protest over wells being drilled on their lands to transfer water elsewhere. Police clash with the protesters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8734377" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saudi-led air raids target the Water and Rural Corporation in Yemen", "date": "2021", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.3910999999999997811528373858891427516937255859375, "lng": 44.19290000000000162572177941910922527313232421875, "description": "On December 9, Saudi-led coalition air raids again target the Water and Rural Corporation in Aththaorah district, Yemen, damaging civilian property. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8687755" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water supply for a factory is destroyed by opponents of the government regime in Myanmar", "date": "2021", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 21.612500000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": 94.854299999999994952304405160248279571533203125, "description": "On December 11, in Myaing township, Magway, Myanmar, members of the People's Revolutionary Army burn down and destroy water supply for a local factory. Locals said the military controlled the factory and soldiers were working there.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8758925" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unknown assailants attack an Iraqi security force during release of irrigation water from the Sabla River", "date": "2021", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.7212999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": 46.11019999999999896544977673329412937164306640625, "description": "On December 6, unknown militants attack a security force in Rifai district of Thi Qar province, Iraq. The attack takes place while the Iraqi force is providing security during the release of irrigation water from the Sabla river.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8685837" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes occur among herders, farmers, and fishers, northern Cameroon", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.7935999999999996390442902338691055774688720703125, "lng": 15.0474999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Clashes among herders, farmers, and fishers break out over water and land in the village of Ouloumsa, Logone-Birni town, Far North, Cameroon.", "sources": [ "International Crisis Group 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence breaks out again between Choa Arab ranchers and Musgum fishers and farmers over access to water in northern Cameroon", "date": "2021", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.324999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": 13.5650999999999992695620676386170089244842529296875, "description": "Clashes break out in northern Cameroon between Choa Arab and Musgum groups following a dispute over dwindling water resources in the Logone River, a tributary to Lake Chad. The violence then spread to neighboring villages, leaving 10 villages burned to the ground.", "sources": [ "United Nations News 2021" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest in Argentina in a demonstration against a mining project and threats to water resources", "date": "2022", "country": "Argentina", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -27.583200000000001494981916039250791072845458984375, "lng": -66.31409999999999627107172273099422454833984375, "description": "In a violent protest in Andalgala, Catamarca, Argentina, against the MARA mining project and threats to water resources, the Agua Rica company offices are set on fire. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ND ARG9974" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents of Zabol, Iran attack the trucks of Afghan traders during a demonstration to demand more water from the Helmand River", "date": "2022", "country": "Afghanistan, Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.04429999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "lng": 61.48819999999999907913661445491015911102294921875, "description": "In growing tensions over the shared Helmand River, residents of Zabol, Iran attack the trucks of Afghan traders near the border during a demonstration to demand more water from the Helmand River.", "sources": [ "Faizee and Schmeier 2023", "Radio Free Europe 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflict over mining and water pollution in Guyana has led to threats and violence against local villagers", "date": "2022", "country": "Guyana", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.8812499999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": -58.91109999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "description": "Threats and violence are reported in conflicts between villagers and miners over illegal gold mining in indigenous communities in Guyana that is contaminating local waters.", "sources": [ "Papannah and Sutherland 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Injuries are reported in a demonstration in South Africa over water shortages", "date": "2022", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -30.310900000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 30.662299999999998334487827378325164318084716796875, "description": "Residents of several farms and townships in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, set tires on fire and block the entrances to Umzinto in a demonstration against water shortages in the region. During the demonstration, a private security officer opens fire and injures three people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF16158" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person is killed in India in fight about access to water from a community tap", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.485099999999999198507794062606990337371826171875, "lng": 77.18729999999999336068867705762386322021484375, "description": "A 45-year-old woman in south Dehli, India is stabbed to death following a fight about filling water from a community tap.", "sources": [ "Times of India 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tanker is attacked by Al Shabaab militants in Somalia killing ten and injuring 15", "date": "2022", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 5.0862999999999995992538970313034951686859130859375, "lng": 45.15809999999999746478351880796253681182861328125, "description": "On January 1, Al Shabaab militants detonate a remote-controlled IED, targeting an Ethiopia forces water tanker near Feerfeer village, Somalia. Al Shabaab claims ten soldiers are killed and 15 others injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8705165" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military demolish Palestinian agricultural facilities in the West Bank, Palestine, including a water tank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.35849999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 35.3616999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "description": "On January 4, 2022, Israeli military forces demolish Palestinian-owned agricultural facilities in Ibziq, West Bank, including a water tank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8697398" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants attack villages in Mali, killing four and destroying water infrastructure", "date": "2022", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.809200000000000585487214266322553157806396484375, "lng": -0.427800000000000013589129821411916054785251617431640625, "description": "On January 3, ISWAP (Greater Sahara) militants attack the villages of Labodji, Doreye, and Oussadia, in Gao, Mali. Four people are killed, houses burned, and a water tank is destroyed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8704892" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian warplanes attack the water station near Idlib, Syria damaging the water system and injuring at least one", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.9448000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "lng": 36.5457999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "On January 2, Russian warplanes conduct airstrikes on the vicinity of Sijer - Bqesemtoh town water station near Idlib, Syria, damaging the pipes and rendering the station inoperable. At least one worker at the water station is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 8699619" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In January 2022, the Taliban cut flows of water to Iran and the Hamoun wetlands from the Helmand River", "date": "2022", "country": "Afghanistan, Iran", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.26899999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "lng": 64.8409999999999939745976007543504238128662109375, "description": "in January 2022, the Taliban divert the Helmand River south, cutting the flow of water to Iran and the Hamoun wetlands.", "sources": [ "Iran International 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Colombian water and sewerage company is bombed", "date": "2022", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 6.95389999999999997015720509807579219341278076171875, "lng": -71.8722999999999956344254314899444580078125, "description": "In Saravena, Arauca, Colombia, members of the FARC group bomb the local water, sewage, and sanitation communal company of the municipality. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COL9608" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinian property, including a water well, is destroyed by the Israeli military to build a road", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.719500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 35.14099999999999823785401531495153903961181640625, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy Palestinian-owned properties in Battir, Bethlehem, West Bank, uprooting 370 olive trees, demolishing a retaining wall and water well, and razing Palestinian lands to build a road.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE13509" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saudi-led forces attack water reservoirs in Sadah, Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.940200000000000812860889709554612636566162109375, "lng": 43.76389999999999957935870043002068996429443359375, "description": "The Saudi-led coalition air force attacks water reservoirs in Saadah district, Sadah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM70500" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over water in Nigeria between Fulani pastoralists and Aworo farmers lead to three deaths", "date": "2022", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 7.2599999999999997868371792719699442386627197265625, "lng": 2.789400000000000101607611213694326579570770263671875, "description": "Aworo community members kill three Fulani pastoralists in Ogun, Nigeria. The pastoralists were accused of destroying farms and water resources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. NIG23299" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinian property, including water wells, are destroyed by the Israeli military", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned house and two water wells in Mosafer Yuta, Hebron, West Bank, for the benefit of settlement projects.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE13517" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cameroon separatists ambush a convoy of water trucks, killing one soldier", "date": "2022", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 5.028800000000000380850906367413699626922607421875, "lng": 9.492399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "description": "Ambazonian separatists ambush a military convoy with explosive and engage in a firefight with the soldiers in Cameroon, killing one soldier and destroying two trucks from the national water production company, Source du Pays.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. CAO5831" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saudi-led forces attack water infrastructure in Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.880900000000000460431692772544920444488525390625, "lng": 45.52680000000000148929757415316998958587646484375, "description": "Saudi-led coalition air forces attack water infrastructure in Tamrah, Yemen, destroying it and interrupting water delivery services. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM70714" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A violent demonstration over the lack of access to drinking water in Beni Ayat, Morocco leads to injuries", "date": "2022", "country": "Morocco", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.21000000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "lng": -6.72240000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "description": "A group of demonstrators attack and injure journalists covering a protest in Morocco over access to drinking water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MOR5500" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroy water supply line in the West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.22160000000000223963070311583578586578369140625, "lng": 35.14470000000000027284841053187847137451171875, "description": "Israeli military forces raze Palestinian-owned lands and destroy a water supply line in Kafr Qaddum on the West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE13629" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over access to water in a canal in Bangladesh leads to one death and several injuries", "date": "2022", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.34080000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "lng": 89.1175999999999959300112095661461353302001953125, "description": "One person is killed and at least 7 injured in a clash between two groups at the Madhusudanpur canal, Bangladesh, in a dispute over water sharing.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BGD21381" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water station in Syria is attacked", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.01140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": 40.5046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "An unidentified armed group targets the water station of Thiban with heavy machine guns and rockets in Deir ez Zor governorate, Syria, causing extensive damage.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR98401" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water-supply facility is destroyed during a protest in India over access to healthcare for prisoners", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.191199999999998482280716416426002979278564453125, "lng": 86.3002000000000037971403799019753932952880859375, "description": "CPI-Maoist cadres attack construction workers and destroy a water supply transformer in Giridih city, India during a call for healthcare facilities for prisoners.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND105473" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water-supply station in Syria is attacked by Turkey", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.35289999999999821511664777062833309173583984375, "lng": 39.01689999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Turkish forces shell the water station of Al Hishah in Ar Raqqa governorate, Syria, rendering it inoperable. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR98396" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish forces fire rockets at the water station in Fatsa, Syria", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.40050000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 38.96820000000000305817593471147119998931884765625, "description": "Turkish forces fire rockets at the water station in Fatsa, Ar Raqqa, Syria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR98628" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed rebel group in Indonesia damages water-supply system for a military post", "date": "2022", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -3.5907000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 137.395000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "The TPNPB, the armed wing of the Free Papua Organization, damage the water pipes of the Indonesian military forces post in Jenggernok, Papua province, Indonesia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IDN7770" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Herder-pastoralist violence over access to water in Kenya kills one and injures others", "date": "2022", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 0.46670000000000000373034936274052597582340240478515625, "lng": 35.9832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Suspected Pokot pastoralist militias attack herders watering animals at the Arabal river, Baringo county, Kenya. One person is killed; two others injured, and close to 40 cattle stolen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. KEN8106" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian troops destroy Ukrainian dam that blocked water to Crimea", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 46.6587999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": 32.7368000000000023419488570652902126312255859375, "description": "In late February, Russian troops invading Ukraine destroy a concrete dam built by Ukraine in 2014 to cut off water to Crimea after Russia annexed that region. The canal was originally built to provide water from the Dnipro River to Ukraine's Kherson region and Crimea.", "sources": [ "Reuters 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Egyptian hackers attack the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam in an effort to trigger downstream flooding and power failures", "date": "2022", "country": "Egypt, Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 11.21490000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "lng": 35.09270000000000067075234255753457546234130859375, "description": "The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile is attacked in February 2022 by Egyptian hackers with the motto “Black Pyramid War” in an effort to trigger downstream flooding and power failures.", "sources": [ "Goud 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mexican farmer threatened and then murdered for his connection to a hydroelectric project development", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 18.76050000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "lng": -98.983800000000002228262019343674182891845703125, "description": "A farmer, Francisco Vázaquz Domínguez, is threatened and then murdered in Ayala, Morelos, Mexico, for his role as a land owner and connection to Asociación de Usarios del Río Cuautla (ASURCO). ASURCO is a water user association that had been involved in decisions related to hydroelectric power and other water projects. He was threatened by the president of the association before being murdered. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "Agua Para Todos 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Pechenihy Dam on the Siverskyi Donets River is damaged during the Russia-Ukraine war", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 49.88239999999999696456143283285200595855712890625, "lng": 36.9799000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "Two gates and the roadway over the Pechenihy Dam in Pechenihy on the Siverskyi Donets River (the main tributary of the Don River) in the Kharkiv region are blown up by the Armed Forces of Ukraine in order to widen the Siverskyi Donets River, and make it difficult for the Russians to encircle the city of Kharkiv (February 2022).", "sources": [ "Gleick et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces and settlers destroy Palestinian water wells near Hebron and Nablus in the West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish and raze four Palestinian-owned water wells near in Khallet ed Dabaa, Hebron, West Bank on February 2nd, in order to construct settlement projects in the area. Two days later, Israeli settlers destroy a water well in Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank, and pollute the well with chemicals.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE13815" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attempt to cut off the power supply of a water well in Morelos, Mexico, is met by violence", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.971599999999998686917024315334856510162353515625, "lng": -99.2366999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "description": "Residents in Chamilpa, Morelos, Mexico, seize a van from the Federal Electricity Commission after employees try to cut off the power supply of their water well. The residents also held the workers from the state-owned company and threatened to set the unit on fire.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX56127" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants in Mali attack a village, damaging the water tower", "date": "2022", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.149300000000000210320649784989655017852783203125, "lng": 0.391600000000000003641531520770513452589511871337890625, "description": "Militants in Mali attack the village of Tadjalalt, Ansongo, Gao. The militants loot and burned the medical dispensary and damage the water tower. The village is part of the Tuareg Kel Essouk community.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MLI6196" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two families in Syria clash over water for agricultural lands", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.402500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 40.11919999999999930651028989814221858978271484375, "description": "Clashes take place between two armed families over the watering of agricultural lands in Al-Hessan village in Deir ez Zor, Syria. One injury is reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR98737" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Women protesting against water prices in Comoros clash with police", "date": "2022", "country": "Comoros", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -12.2874999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": 43.7334000000000031604940886609256267547607421875, "description": "Women demonstrating against the payment of water bills from the National Company for the Exploitation and Distribution of Water in Comoros clash with police, who respond with tear gas. At least 6 women and two children are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COM50" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Israeli military demolish a Palestinian water tank used for irrigation in the West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.18560000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "lng": 35.4568000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned water tank used for agricultural purposes in Furush Bayt Dajan, Nablus, West Bank, to maintain the Israeli control over water resources in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE13877" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy Palestinian water systems and land near Salfit and Tubas in the West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.104500000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 35.0919999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "description": "On 10 February 2022, Israeli military forces raze Palestinian-owned lands in Sarta village, Salfit, West Bank, to construct a water supply pipeline for a nearby settlement. They also destroy retaining walls and uproot more than 160 trees. That same day Israeli military vehicles and tanks destroy a Palestinian-owned water network, agricultural roads, and crops during their military exercise in Jordan Valley near Bardalah, Tubas, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE13874" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants in Burkina Faso destroy water systems", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.1605000000000007531752999057061970233917236328125, "lng": -0.88170000000000003925748615074553526937961578369140625, "description": "Presumed Jama'at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin militants set off explosives and destroy a water pump and two water towers in the village of Hamkane, Arbinda, Soum, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO6497" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces demolish a Palestinian-owned water well and olive trees near Hebron in the West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.623300000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "lng": 35.104500000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "On 13 February 2022, Israeli military forces demolish a Palestinian-owned water well, and uproot olive trees in Bayt Ummar, Hebron, West Bank, under the pretext that they were located near Israeli settlements.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A protest over bottled water company exploitation of groundwater is broken up by Mexican police and national guard", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.061299999999999243982529151253402233123779296875, "lng": -98.3061000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "description": "State police forces and national guard disperse protesters in Cholula de Rivadavia, Puebla, Mexico, who had been occupying the facilities of the Bonafont water bottling company since March 22, 2021. The protesters denounced the overexploitation of the aqifers, leaving neighboring towns without water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX56613" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish a water well and house in Khallat al Mayyah in the West Bank to forcibly evict Palestinians", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.4421999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 35.14289999999999736246536485850811004638671875, "description": "On 15 February 2022, Israeli military forces demolish a water well and a house in Khallat al Mayyah village, Hebron, West Bank, to evict the Palestinian residents from the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14027" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Saudi-led air raids on a water drilling rig in Yemen kills one and injures two", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.086200000000001608668753760866820812225341796875, "lng": 44.40570000000000305817593471147119998931884765625, "description": "Saudi-led coalition air raids strike a water rig in As Safiyah, Al Jawf, Yemen, killing 1 laborer and injuring 2 more.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM71446" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over access to water in Sanaa, Yemen results in one death and one injury", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.6941000000000006053824108676053583621978759765625, "lng": 44.32770000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "Bani Habar tribesmen attack and clash with Bani Buays tribesmen in Arhab, Sanaa, Yemen, over the control of a water source. The clash results in 1 fatality and 1 injury.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM74750" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants destroy water pumps in Burkina Faso", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.4138999999999999346300683100707828998565673828125, "lng": -1.055800000000000071764816311770118772983551025390625, "description": "Presumed Jama'at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin militants destroy three water pumps in the village of Singtanga, Sanmatenga, Burkina Faso. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO6567" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosive planted at a Syrian water tank kills one and destroys the tank", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.8832000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "lng": 38.86999999999999744204615126363933086395263671875, "description": "An explosive planted by an unknown group explodes at a Syrian state water tank in Al Baghala, Homs, destroying it and killing one soldier. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR99003" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants destroy water company machinery in Burkina Faso", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.0875000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "lng": -1.641799999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "description": "Presumed Jama'at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin militants destroy national water company machinery in the town of Djibo, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO6658" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinian and Israelis clash in the West Bank after soldiers prevent Palestinians from digging a water well near Jenin", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.4594000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "lng": 35.3008999999999986130205797962844371795654296875, "description": "Palestinian rioters clash with Israeli military forces during a raid in Dhaher al-Abed, Jenin, West Bank, after soldiers attempted to prevent Palestinians from digging a water well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14093" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence reported between pastoralists and farmers over access to water sources and land near Chomboro in South Sudan", "date": "2022", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.28310000000000012931877790833823382854461669921875, "lng": 32.188299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "description": "Armed pastoralists, possibly Bor Dinka, fire upon Lokoya children bathing at a water source in the area of Chomboro, Eastern Equatoria state, South Sudan, wounding one. A local official has claimed that 2,810 people were displaced from the area, in heightened tensions between pastoralists from Jonglei state and residents in parts of Eastern Equatoria state over water and land.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SSD8286" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainians flood lands north of Kyiv in an effort to stop an armored assault on Ukraine's capital", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 50.753500000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "lng": 30.365700000000000358113538823090493679046630859375, "description": "In late February 2022 at the start of the expanded Russia-Ukraine war, the Ukraine military intentionally flood lands north of the capital, Kyiv, by destroying a hydraulic structure near Kazarovichi village. This leads to the inundation of the floodplain of the Irpin River with water from the Kyivski Reservoir, helping to stop a Russian armored assault.", "sources": [ "Gleick et al. 2023", "Mundy 2019", "Kucharski 2022", "Kramer 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Conflict over use of government-controlled water pipeline in India leads to violence", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.450399999999998357225194922648370265960693359375, "lng": 77.3618000000000023419488570652902126312255859375, "description": "Three rioters assault a female Sarpanch, head of the Panchayat, and her family members in Gunga village, Madhya Pradesh, India, after she warned the rioters for misusing a government water pipeline.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND106862" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers flood Palestinian lands near Majdulim in the West Bank with sewage and wastewater", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.08539999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": 35.3301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "Israeli settlers from Majdulim settlement, West Bank flood Palestinian-owned lands with sewage and wastewater, causing material damages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14078" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces attack Siverskyi Donets-Donbas water pipeline", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.39280000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "lng": 37.95100000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "description": "Russian forces attack the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas water pipeline providing water to the city of Donetsk, February 2022.", "sources": [ "CEOBS 2022a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence over a water project in Kassala, Sudan kills two and wounds seven.", "date": "2022", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.4580000000000001847411112976260483264923095703125, "lng": 36.3999000000000023646862246096134185791015625, "description": "In the city of Kassala, Sudan, a violent incident at the end of March results in two deaths and seven injured in a conflict over a water project. Authorities impose a security cordon around the affected area and arrested eight alleged perpetrators and on April 6, negotiators sign an accord between the Beni Amer, Habab, and Sibarat tribes to put an end to the conflict.", "sources": [ "The Water Diplomat 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russians bomb water supply system in Kherson, Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.6323000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "lng": 32.56620000000000203499439521692693233489990234375, "description": "Russians bomb water supply system in Kherson, Ukraine, March 1, 2022.", "sources": [ "Verkhovna Rada 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent demonstrations in Brazil over water shortages", "date": "2022", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -19.76089999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "lng": -44.3136999999999972033037920482456684112548828125, "description": "Violent protests in Esmeraldas, Minas Gerais, and Serra, Espirito Santo, Brazil, with burning obstacles in protests against a shortage in water supply. One demonstrator is reported injured. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BRA51402, BRA51428" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Extensive French protests and sabotage of water basin in a protest against agricultural and industrial water use during drought", "date": "2022", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 46.502600000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "lng": 0.41210000000000002184918912462308071553707122802734375, "description": "During March 2022, numerous groups, including the 'Executive Committee of Regional Water Protection,' the collective 'Stop Bassines,' and the Peasant Confederation protest the creation of water basins for industrial agricultural irrigation. Various protests, including between 5000 and 7000 people near the end of March, sabotage water basins and damage pump stations in Nouaille-Maupertuis and La Rochenard, France. Gendarmerie forces use tear gas to disperse a group of demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. FRA16071, FRA16070, FRA16603" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Kharkiv water systems, with numerous deaths reported", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9808000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "lng": 36.25269999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "On 7 March 2022, Russian military forces shell the city of Kharkiv destroying energy facilities, pipelines, and water systems. Numerous civilians as well as servicemen are reported wounded and killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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NEP14812, NEP10091" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on water pumps and systems in Burkina Faso, with seven reported deaths", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.0875000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "lng": -1.641799999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "description": "Ongoing violence between presumed Jama'at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin militants and volunteer fighters in Burkina Faso, with extensive sabotage of water systems. On March 14, at least seven people are reported killed in Arbinda, with violence also in the town of Djibo.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO6755, BFO6811" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi forces attack water infrastructure in Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.9200999999999996958877090946771204471588134765625, "lng": 43.20309999999999917008608463220298290252685546875, "description": "Houthi forces in Yemen target water infrastructure in Al Haymah, Al Hudaydah, Yemen damaging it.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM71958" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash in Madhya Pradesh, India over communal water resources", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.061299999999999243982529151253402233123779296875, "lng": 79.4411999999999949295670376159250736236572265625, "description": "Two groups of villagers clash in Nowgong, Madhya Pradesh, India, over communal water resources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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PSE14239" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent demonstration over lack of potable water in Peru", "date": "2022", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -5.1944999999999996731503415503539144992828369140625, "lng": -80.632800000000003137756721116602420806884765625, "description": "Residents of at least ten settlements of Veintiseis de Octubre in Peru, damage the offices of the EPS Grau potable water company to complain about the lack of potable water services.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PER4015" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Russian military bombs a water pumping plant in Chernihiv, Ukraine, killing four", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.498199999999997089616954326629638671875, "lng": 31.2894000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "The Russian military bombs one of the Chernihiv pumping stations, March 14, 2022. Four people, including station employees, are killed.", "sources": [ "Suspilne News 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Destruction of the sewage treatment plant in Vasylivka leads to contamination in the Kakhovske reservoir", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.44149999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "lng": 35.28670000000000328554961015470325946807861328125, "description": "The Russian destruction of the sewage treatment plant in March 2022 at the town of Vasylivka in Zaporizhzhia oblast leads to sewage contamination of the Kakhovske Reservoir.", "sources": [ "Gleick et al. 2023", "Shevchuk et al. 2022", "Interfax Ukraine 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian missile attack damages a water-supply plant and kills two in Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk, Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.94669999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 38.4913999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "Russian forces clash with Ukrainian forces in Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk. Russian forces fire Grad missiles, damaging a water-supply plant. Two people die, four are wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR53519" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dispute over irrigation water leads to 10 injuries in Bangladesh", "date": "2022", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.051899999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "lng": 91.107799999999997453414835035800933837890625, "description": "At least 10 people are injured in a clash between two groups from villages of Kaishalarbagh and Bagabaria in Sonaimuri upazila, Noakhali, Bangladesh over canal water dispute.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BGD21766" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi forces attack water supply and desalination infrastructure in a series of missile attacks on Saudi Arabia", "date": "2022", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.873999999999998777866494492627680301666259765625, "lng": 42.5604000000000013415046851150691509246826171875, "description": "In a series of attacks, Houthi forces fire cruise missiles at Saudi Arabia's Ash Shuqayq Water Desalination Plant, Ad Darb, Jizan, and at the National Water Company in Dhahran Al Janub, causing damages to both facilities. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAU23182, SAU23191" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deaths and injuries during a clash in Sudan over a water project on the Atbara River", "date": "2022", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.810900000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 36.13669999999999760120772407390177249908447265625, "description": "Two unspecified clan militias clash in El Birma area, Aroma, Sudan, over a water project on the Atbara River. Two people are killed and seven others injured. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SUD16891" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian missile attack on an oil depot in Kalynivka, Ukraine contaminates water resources", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.44089999999999918145476840436458587646484375, "lng": 30.524100000000000676436684443615376949310302734375, "description": "A Russian missile attack on an oil depot in Kalynivka, Ukraine leads to water contamination at a fish farm and pond about 30 kilometers (about 18 miles) southwest of Kyiv, also threatening the Irpin River (March 2022).", "sources": [ "Voice of America 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces cut off access to water and electricity to the city of Sievierodonetsk, Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.94669999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 38.4913999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "Russian forces destroy electricity and water lines near Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk. Severodonetsk is cut off from access to electricity and water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR54814" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb blast in Myanmar at drinking water tank", "date": "2022", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.285399999999999209876477834768593311309814453125, "lng": 95.678799999999995407051756046712398529052734375, "description": "Bomb blast in Pyapon, Ayeyarwady, Myanmar at drinking water tank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR32209" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gates on the dam on the Oskil reservoir are destroyed, causing flooding in Svyatogorsk, Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.1758999999999986130205797962844371795654296875, "lng": 37.47259999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "description": "In April 2022, gates of the dam on the Oskil reservoir in the Kharkiv area are destroyed, releasing water from the reservoir and causing the level of the Siverskyi Donets River to rise, flooding Svyatogorsk. The reservoir provided water for the Donbas region.", "sources": [ "Kolodezhna and Vasyliuk 2022", "Petrenko 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers vandalize water tanks in Birin, Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.4909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": 35.14670000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "Israeli settlers set fire to building supplies and vandalize water tanks belonging to Palestinians in Birin (Hebron, West Bank).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14527" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Activists protest in Angola against the lack of water", "date": "2022", "country": "Angola", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -12.3196999999999992070343068917281925678253173828125, "lng": 13.5997000000000003439026841078884899616241455078125, "description": "Activists protest in Lobito, Angola, against the lack of water in the city. Police arrest seven activists and reportedly beat them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ANG3639" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least one death and multiple injuries reported in ongoing clashes in Sanaa, Yemen, over control of a water source", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.6941000000000006053824108676053583621978759765625, "lng": 44.32770000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "In extended clashes, Bani Buays and Bani Habar tribesmen fight in Bani Ahkam, Sanaa, Yemen, over the control of a water source, killing at least one and injuring four.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM74752, YEM74753" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest in Guatemala City, Guatemala with blocked roads and a violent confrontation with police over lack of water services", "date": "2022", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.6225000000000004973799150320701301097869873046875, "lng": -90.5183999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "description": "People in Guatemala City, Guatemala, block roads to demand reconnection of water services in their communities, protesting they've been ignored by the water company. Violence occurs when police arrive to evict demonstrators. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. GTM5011" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents of Ibague, Colombia, protest against a water cut and the lack of drinking water supply", "date": "2022", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 4.4396000000000004348521542851813137531280517578125, "lng": -75.193700000000006866684998385608196258544921875, "description": "Residents of La Pola neighborhood, Ibague, Colombia, protest against a water cut and the lack of drinking water supply for weeks, demanding the reconnection of services. At least one injury reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COL10698" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South Sudanese refugees are attacked at Um Sangour, Sudan, in a dispute over access to the waters of the Nile", "date": "2022", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.6607000000000002870592652470804750919342041015625, "lng": 32.74730000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "South Sudanese refugees are attacked by local residents at Um Sangour camp, White Nile state, Sudan, in a dispute over access to the waters of the Nile. Gunshots are fired in the air, with property, including a school, destroyed and looted, with no precise information on casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SUD16980" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrations and vandalism of a major water tunnel project in Nepal over concern about local water supplies", "date": "2022", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.692099999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 85.2205000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "Local demonstrations against the Dahchok-Sisnekhola Tunnel project in Chandragiri, Nepal, over concern it has dried up the local drinking water include vandalization of the offices of the Nagdhunga Tunnel Project. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. NEP14922" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia is blamed for deliberately cutting off the water supply to Mykolaiv city", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 46.97500000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 31.99459999999999837427822058089077472686767578125, "description": "Russian forces are blamed for deliberately cutting off the water supply of Mykolaiv in April by sabotaging the water pipeline from the Dnipro River, based on satellite imagery and data from intelligence sources.", "sources": [ "Zhuhan and Ibrahim 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several towns in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine lose water services due to attacks", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.83879999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 35.139600000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "description": "Russian attacks leave the towns Huliaipole and Stepnohirsk in the Zaporizhzhia region without water services (April). The town of Polohy is partly without water services. No wastewater treatment is available in Vasylivka and Stepnohirsk due to damage to water systems.", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply for five towns in the Luhansk region of Ukraine is cut off", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.0236000000000018417267710901796817779541015625, "lng": 38.39150000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "description": "Water supply for five towns in the Luhansk region is cut off in April, including Rubizhne, Popasna, Hirske, Sievierodonetsk, and part of Lysychansk.", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Many towns in Donetsk, Ukraine are cut off from water supplies during the Russia-Ukraine war", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.0159000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "lng": 37.80290000000000105728759081102907657623291015625, "description": "37 towns in the Donetsk are cut off from water supplies; 27 water-supply systems are damaged; 40 percent of the water-supply system in Mariupol is damaged (April).", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed; one injured in dispute over access to canal water in Haryana, India", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.03450000000000130739863379858434200286865234375, "lng": 75.85620000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "description": "A dispute over access to canal water leads to one killed and one injured in Sultanpur village, Haryana, India.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND109351" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "106 towns in the Kherson region of Ukraine are left without water after Russian attacks on energy and water infrastructure", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.63539999999999707824827055446803569793701171875, "lng": 32.6169000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "106 towns in the Kherson region of Ukraine are left without water services in April 2022 after Russian attacks on energy and water systems.", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An explosion at a water pandal in Myanmar injures two", "date": "2022", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.8539999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": 96.0688999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "description": "In Hlaingtharya township, Yangon, Myanmar, an explosion at a water pandal injures two.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR32899" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pumping stations in Lysychansk are damaged by attacks in the Russia-Ukraine war", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.91109999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "lng": 38.42640000000000100044417195022106170654296875, "description": "Water supply to the south part of Lysychansk is cut off after attacks on the water pumping stations “Lisova Dacha”, “GTV,” and “Sumischena.” (April 2022)", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian attack on water distribution pipeline in Luhansk, Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.94669999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 38.4913999999999987267074175179004669189453125, "description": "Russian forces shell Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk, Ukraine, damaging a water distribution pipeline.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR55854" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian attack on water processing systems in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.49000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "lng": 35.28020000000000067075234255753457546234130859375, "description": "Russian forces shell and mine water-processing systems in Verkhnia Krynytsia, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR55865" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attack on a water truck in Burkina Faso was accompanied by a threat to attack all water systems", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 13.6554000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": -1.588880000000000070059513745945878326892852783203125, "description": "Gunmen set fire to a water truck in the Centre-North region of Burkina Faso. Assailants made it clear they did not want to see water trucks on that road again. All water trucking activities, currently the only way to provide emergency water assistance to the residents, were halted, according to the Norwegian Refugee Council.", "sources": [ "News24 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest over contaminated water and inadequate water supply in Maharastra, India", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.146300000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 79.08490000000000463842297904193401336669921875, "description": "Around a dozen Shiv Sena members in Nagpur, Maharastra, India, ransack the offices of the Orange City Water Pvt Ltd. and manhandle a senior company official during a protest over contaminated and low-pressure water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND110466" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Major portions of Kharkiv are left without water by attacks on water and energy systems", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9934999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 36.230400000000003046807250939309597015380859375, "description": "More then than 100 multi-story buildings in Kharkiv are left without water by Russian attacks on water and energy systems during the Russia-Ukraine war (April 2022).", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers in violence against Palestinian energy, land, and water resources in Salfit, West Bank (April)", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.131000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "lng": 35.139600000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "description": "Israeli settlers break into Palestinian agricultural lands in Dayr Istiya village, Salfit, West Bank, and vandalize solar cells and a water tank in late April 2022.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE26064" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage water well in West Bank; injure several, sparking protests with 50 more injured", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Israeli settlers under the protection of Israeli soldiers break into a water well in Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank in late April and early May, and damaging the well and polluting the water with unknown materials. Three days later Israeli settlers, under the protection of Israeli military forces, physically assault Palestinians at a water well in the same area injuring several, including a 14-year-old child who sustained fractures, followed by a major Palestinian protest where 50 more are injured by the Israeli military.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14813, PSE14833, PSE14935, PSE14590" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Myanmar military bombs two villages after water is cut off from a military camp", "date": "2022", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.040800000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "lng": 98.123199999999997089616954326629638671875, "description": "After the blockade of a watercourse used by military forces in Kwi Lon Taing, Myanmar, the military attacks the Kwee Lel Te and Kee Lel Ywar Thit villages of Kyainseikgyi, Kayin. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR33240" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Zelenodolsk, Ukraine, cutting off water and electricity", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.56680000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "lng": 33.64739999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "description": "Russian forces shell Zelenodolsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, cutting off water and electricity.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR56258" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water cut provokes violence in Candelaria, Colombia", "date": "2022", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.4077999999999999403144101961515843868255615234375, "lng": -76.3464000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "A group in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, demonstrate against an eight-day water cut and vandalize the town hall and mayor's office. Arrests are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COL11102" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chernihiv loses centralized water due to attacks on infrastructure", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.498199999999997089616954326629638671875, "lng": 31.2894000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "Chernihiv is left without centralized water supply due to attacks on electrical and water service systems (April).", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over the distribution of drinking water injures six in Chattradev, Nepal", "date": "2022", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.010200000000001097077984013594686985015869140625, "lng": 83.2066999999999978854248183779418468475341796875, "description": "A clash over the distribution of drinking water injures six in Chattradev, Nepal. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. NEP18865" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three killed in dispute over control and distribution of drinking water in Mexico", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.25959999999999894271240918897092342376708984375, "lng": -98.8573999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "description": "Violence over the control, distribution, and sale of drinking water in San Gregorio, Cuautzingo, Mexico, leads to three deaths and one injury. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX59573" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Continuing attacks in Kharkiv cut off water supply for major sections of the city", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9934999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 36.230400000000003046807250939309597015380859375, "description": "In May, continuing Russian attacks in Kharkiv, Ukraine cut off water supply for major sections of the city. More than forty multi-story buildings in Kharkiv are left without water.", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pumping stations on the Popasna water pipeline are damaged, cutting water supply to a million people", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.6546000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "lng": 38.4540999999999968395059113390743732452392578125, "description": "The pumping station and first lift of the Popasna Water Pipeline sustain heavy damage, cutting off water supplies for around one million people in early May. The station pumps water from the Siverskyi Donets River to several settlements in the north of the Luhansk Region, including Popasna, Zolote, Hirske, Pervomaisk, Kadiyevets, Alchevsk, Khrustalny, Antratsyt, as well as in the villages of Toshkivka, Chekhirovo, Loskutivka, Pidlisne, Vovcheyarivka, Madoriazantseve, Lysychansk.", "sources": [ "Sheldon 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian attacks on water systems cut water supply to one million people in the Luhansk region", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.5739999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "lng": 39.3078000000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "description": "The entire Luhansk region is left without central water supply due to destruction of electricity stations in early May 2022. This Russian attack cuts the water supply to a million people.", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023", "Aretem Lysohor Luhansk 2022a", "Rothrock 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest in Musina, South Africa, over chronic water shortages", "date": "2022", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -22.348800000000000665068000671453773975372314453125, "lng": 30.0407000000000010686562745831906795501708984375, "description": "Over several days, rioters barricade streets with burning tires and riot in Musina, Vhembe, Limpopo, South Africa to demonstrate against chronic water shortages. Police intervene and shoot rubber bullets and live ammunition, injuring at least one, and rioters throw stones at the police. Several arrests are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF16688, SAF16691, SAF16736, SAF16739" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks leave 40 towns in the Mykolaiv region without water services", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.97500000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 31.99459999999999837427822058089077472686767578125, "description": "In May, attacks leave 40 towns in the Mykolaiv region of Ukraine without water services; 30 water-supply systems are damaged.", "sources": [ "Shumilova et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroys Palestinian water tank near Jericho, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.184899999999998954081092961132526397705078125, "lng": 35.5390000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy a Palestinian-owned water tank used to water agricultural lands in Marj Naajah village, Jericho, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE14963" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gates on the dam at the Mironovsky reservoir are damaged, causing downstream flooding on the Luhan River", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 48.4517000000000024328983272425830364227294921875, "lng": 38.2194999999999964757080306299030780792236328125, "description": "Russia accuses the Ukrainian armed forces of destroying the gates on the dam in May 2022 at the Mironovsky reservoir near Svitlodarsk to slow the Russian advance across the Luhan River toward Svitlodarsk in the Bakhmut Region of Donetsk Oblast.", "sources": [ "Kadam 2022", "Izvestia 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pollution from mining in Madagascar prompts violent protests from local fishers", "date": "2022", "country": "Madagascar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -24.955400000000000915179043659009039402008056640625, "lng": 47.01910000000000167119651450775563716888427734375, "description": "Local fishers attack soldiers and block a road leading to the QMM mining company in Fort Dauphin, Taolagnaro, Madagascar, in a demonstration to force the company to meet demands to stop water pollution. 30 soldiers are taken hostage by the group, 5 soldiers are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MAG2216" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers break into a water well in Qaryut, Palestine, and clash with local residents", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Israeli settlers under the protection of Israeli soldiers break into a water well in Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank, and clash with Palestinian who confronted them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE15085" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest against long-term water cuts in Democratic Republic of Congo turns violent", "date": "2022", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -6.416199999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "lng": 20.800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "description": "Mwetu Mwa Kele activists demonstration in Tshikapa, Tshikapa, Kasai, Democratic Republic of Congo, against a two-year water cut. Police disperse the protest using tear gas and firearms, injuring four.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. DRC25294" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroys Palestinian water well in Ras Atiya, West Bank, and block farmers from using the water", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.15870000000000317186277243308722972869873046875, "lng": 34.99080000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy a Palestinian-owned water well in Ras Atiya, West Bank, and block farmers from using the water for agricultural purposes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE15294" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent demonstration over lack of potable water in Gedaref, Sudan", "date": "2022", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.0479000000000002756905814749188721179962158203125, "lng": 35.38839999999999719193510827608406543731689453125, "description": "Demonstrators stage a protest in Gedaref, Sudan, demanding access to potable water. Security forces beat and arrest some of the protesters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SUD17429" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two killed in attack on tractor delivering water to Pakistan military in Balochistan, Pakistan", "date": "2022", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.21580000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "lng": 67.58809999999999718056642450392246246337890625, "description": "Balochistan Liberation Army militants detonate a landmine targeting a tractor carrying water for Pakistan forces in Khost, Balochistan, Pakistan, killing two.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK75154" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clan dispute over access to water and land leads to three deaths in Somalia", "date": "2022", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.96250000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625, "lng": 41.0615999999999985448084771633148193359375, "description": "Ogaden-Mohamed Zubeyr Clan militia clashes with Marehan clan militia near Dif, Lower Juba, Somalia, in a dispute over access to water resources and grazing land. Three people and several animals are killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SOM36987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents of Lysychansk, Ukraine collecting water are attacked by Russian forces, killing ten and injurying more than 20", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.9054000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": 38.4352999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "Russian army fires on residents in Lysychansk who had come out to replenish supplies of drinking water, June 2022. At least ten deaths and 21 injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Aretem Lysohor Luhansk 2022b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shortage of water in Samba, India, leads to violent demonstration", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.5625, "lng": 75.119900000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "description": "Women hold a demonstration and vandalize government offices at Samba, India, over shortages of water supply in their area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND114528" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroy structures, including water well, near Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.529399999999998982502802391536533832550048828125, "lng": 35.0938000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish structures, including a water well belonging to Palestinians, northeast of Hebron city, West Bank, under the pretext of not having a building permit.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE15332" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroy the water well used for water supply in Bayt Lid, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.26089999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "lng": 35.13170000000000214868123293854296207427978515625, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy a Palestinian-owned water well used for the entire town of Bayt Lid, Tulkarm, West Bank, and backfilled it with rocks and concrete.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE15403" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests over pollution from mining in Bolivia", "date": "2022", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.96979999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "lng": -67.11480000000000245563569478690624237060546875, "description": "Residents of Oruro, Bolivia, block a highway to demand the closure of a mine in their neighborhood due to water pollution. In a counter-demonstration, mining workers of Bolivar, Totoral, and Avicaya areas, march through the city detonating dynamite and attempting to enter the building of the Oruro Regional Government. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BOL3221" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One farmer is killed and another injured in a dispute over access to water in Uttar Pradesh, India", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.35620000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "lng": 82.2162000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "description": "The village head/Pradhan in Imlia, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India, shoot two farmers in a dispute over taking water from government tube well, killing one and injuring the other.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND111652" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mali militias and the Russian Wagner group attack Mopti, Mali, killing three and sabotaging a water tower", "date": "2022", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.72109999999999985220711096189916133880615234375, "lng": -3.708899999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Militias from Forces Armées Maliennes, Dan Na Ambassagou, and the Russian paramilitary group Wagner, attack the village of Yalema, Mopti, Mali, killing three and sabotaging a water tower.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MLI6831" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on water pumping station in Dori, Burkina Faso, disrupts local water supply and kills four", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.0757999999999992013499650056473910808563232421875, "lng": -0.136599999999999999200639422269887290894985198974609375, "description": "Presumed Islamic State Sahel militants attack a police position at the water pumping station in Yakouta, Seno, Burkina Faso. Four policemen are reported killed, two wounded, and two missing and the water supply to the town of Dori is disrupted. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO7476" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply canal is attacked in Zlitan, Libya", "date": "2022", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.46739999999999781721271574497222900390625, "lng": 14.56869999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "An unidentified armed group damages water canal in Zlitan, Almargeb, Libya, cutting available water supplies.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. LBY11088" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest over lack of water services in Monterrey, Mexico", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.664699999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": -100.311000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "description": "Protestors in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, block a road to demand water services and some are assaulted by drivers opposed to the blockade.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX61830" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants in Mali destroy water pumps and rice fields", "date": "2022", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.2400000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375, "lng": -4.1470000000000002415845301584340631961822509765625, "description": "Presumed Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin militants destroy water pumps and rice fields in Kouna, Mopti, Mali.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MLI6807" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on water systems of the Great Man-Made River in Libya", "date": "2022", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.402899999999998925659383530728518962860107421875, "lng": 15.58070000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "description": "An unidentified armed group destroys infrastructure at four different stations belonging to the Man-Made River in Wadi al Washkah, Libya, causing significant water loss.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. LBY11094" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent demonstration in Sindh, Pakistan, against the diversion of water from farmers, with multiple injuries", "date": "2022", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.090599999999998459543348872102797031402587890625, "lng": 67.73480000000000700310920365154743194580078125, "description": "Farmers stage a demonstration near Khairpur Nathan Shah, Sindh, Pakistan, to demand irrigation water be diverted to the lands of the 'influential people.' Police clash with the demonstrators: farmers pelt stones and the police retaliate with gunfire, injuring 25 people, including 5 police.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK75801" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers and soldiers destroy water wells, tanks, and agricultural facilities in West Bank villages; clashes ensue", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "In mid- to late-June 2022, Israeli settlers and soldiers destroy a water well in Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank, fill another well with stones near Yabad, Jenin, demolish a pond used to water grapes in Bir Zayt, water tanks and agricultural facilities in Al Quds-AzZaayyim village, and destroy a water network, trees, and agricultural facilities in Ibziq. Clashes erupt between the soldiers and Palestinians. Several Palestinians suffered from tear gas inhalation.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE15594, PSE15606, PSE15612, PSE15611, PSE15621, PSE15518" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces attack a dam on the Siverskyi Donets River draining the reservoir and causing flooding", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.1758999999999986130205797962844371795654296875, "lng": 37.47259999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "description": "Russian forces attack the Oskil dam on the Siverskyi Donets River in the Kharkiv region, draining the reservoir and causing flooding (July 2022).", "sources": [ "Belousova 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental water defender Yuli Velasquez attacked by gunmen in Colombia", "date": "2022", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.06529999999999969162445268011651933193206787109375, "lng": -73.8546999999999940200723358429968357086181640625, "description": "Environmental water defender Yuli Velasquez, president of Fedepesan [the Federation of Santander Fishers for Tourism and Environment], is attacked by gunmen in Colombia in 2022; her bodyguard is injured.", "sources": [ "Patterson 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroys water pipes at the spring in Duma Village, Nablus, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.05630000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": 35.36710000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy Palestinian-owned equipment, including water pipes and barbed wire, at the water spring of Duma village, Nablus, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE15693", "Middle East Monitor 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seven deaths are reported in clashes over irrigation water and agricultural land in Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.958600000000000562749846721999347209930419921875, "lng": 43.78079999999999927240423858165740966796875, "description": "Clashes over irrigation water and agricultural land take place between Kaut and Abu Ahmad tribesmen in As Sudah district, Amran, Yemen. The clashes result in seven fatalities and two injuries, over 21 - 23 July.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM75092, YEM75081, YEM75078" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Underwater pipeline supplying water to Aegina, Greece, is damaged by sabotage", "date": "2022", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.9461000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": 23.391999999999999459987520822323858737945556640625, "description": "According to the Attica Regional Authority in Greece, unidentified assailants use explosives to damage the underwater pipeline that supplies water to the island of Aegina. The incident reportedly occurred near the village of Perani, 300 meters off the Coast of Salamina at a depth of 14 meters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. GRC3705" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers demolish Palestinian agricultural water well in Dura and damage water networks in Dayr Istiya, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.507799999999999585043042316101491451263427734375, "lng": 35.02929999999999921556081972084939479827880859375, "description": "A group of Israeli settlers demolish a Palestinian-owned agricultural water well in Dura town, Hebron, West Bank, and water and sewage networks in Dayr Istiya village, Salfit, West Bank in July 2022.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE29770, PSE29769" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Large protest in Iraq over lack of irrigation and drinking water is met by police using live ammunication to disperse the demons", "date": "2022", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.829299999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "lng": 47.42269999999999896544977673329412937164306640625, "description": "Hundreds in Maysan, Iraq, protest lack of irrigation and drinking water, demanding better public services. Police uses live ammunition to disperse the demonstration.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IRQ39884" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces damage the Karlivka water purification station", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.1116999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "lng": 37.49080000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "Russian forces shell civilian and military infrastructure near Karlivka, Donetsk region, damaging the Karlivka water purification station. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR65264" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A caste dispute in India over irrigation water leaves two injured", "date": "2022", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.8813999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "lng": 78.074600000000003774403012357652187347412109375, "description": "In a caste dispute in UP, India, an upper caste mob beat up a Dalit group and attempt to strip a Dalit woman, in a clash over watering their fields. Two injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND115654" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border injures at least two after Pakistani forces allegedly attempt to divert floodwaters to ", "date": "2022", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.00580000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "lng": 66.400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "At least two are injured in an armed clash between Taliban and Pakistan security forces on Spin Boldak-Chaman border, Kandahar, Afghanistan. The clash starts after Pakistani forces allegedly attempt to divert floodwaters towards Afghanistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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MMR39640" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian attack on water and energy infrastructure cuts utilities to Kharkiv in northeastern Ukraine", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9934999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 36.230400000000003046807250939309597015380859375, "description": "The mayor of Kharkiv reports that a Russian strike on an infrastructure facility knocks out power and water to much of the city in northeastern Ukraine in mid-September 2022.", "sources": [ "Kramer 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person is shot during a clash between two groups of villagers in Nagsosha, Bangladesh, over water-logging", "date": "2022", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.15559999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 88.9652999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "description": "One person is shot during a clash between two groups of villagers in Nagsosha, Natore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, over water-logging issue in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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The attack damages a hydroelectric power station near the nuclear facility, forces the shutdown of one of the plant’s generators, and causes partial power outages in the area (September 2022).", "sources": [ "Santora 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian missile attack on the Pechenihy dam", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.88239999999999696456143283285200595855712890625, "lng": 36.9799000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "In September, 2022, Russian missiles attack the Pechenihy Dam in Pechenihy on the Siverskyi Donets River, Kharkiv Oblast.", "sources": [ "OSINT 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military destroys two Palestinian water wells in West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.25160000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "lng": 35.06190000000000139834810397587716579437255859375, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy two Palestinian-owned water wells in Al Ras, West Bank, by filling them with concrete.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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PSE16476" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers from Eli destroy Palestinian water networks and spring in Nablus Village, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 32.08539999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": 35.257800000000003137756721116602420806884765625, "description": "Israeli settlers from Eli destroy Palestinian-owned water networks and a spring in As Sawiyah village, Nablus, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE16700" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed group in Chiapas, Mexico, kills two men reportedly trying to poison a water well in an ongoing land conflict", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 16.9686999999999983401721692644059658050537109375, "lng": -92.673799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "A Santa Martha community armed group near Atzamilho, Chiapas, Mexico, shoot and kill two men reportedly trying to poison a water well. The attack is related to an ongoing land conflict.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX66055" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental defender and local leader of opposition to dam projects on the Rio Verde is found dead in Oaxaca, Mexico", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 16.282000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": -97.8215000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "The environmental defender and local leader of the Consejo de Pueblos Unidos por la Defensa del Rio Verde, Filogonio Martínez Merino, is found dead in Santiago Jamiltepec in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. He had been part of the local resistence to two dam projects on the Rio Verde. ", "sources": [ "Global Witness 2024", "CIVICUS Monitor n.d." ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on Kremenchuk and Dnipro dams in Ukraine in October 2022", "date": "2022-2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.049700000000001409716787748038768768310546875, "lng": 33.22849999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "Russian missile attacks (in October 2022) are aimed at the Dnipro Hydroelectric Power Station in Zaporizhzhia, Dniester Pumped Storage Power Station in Chernivtsi Oblast, and Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant in Svitlovodsk in Kirovohrad Oblast. [The Dnipro hydroelectric plant near Zaporizhzhia is attacked in December 2022 and again in February 2023.]", "sources": [ "Wilk and Zochowski 2022", "Harding et al. 2022", "BBC News 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab bombs a water source borehole near Belet Weyne, Hiraan, Somalia", "date": "2022", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.73599999999999976552089719916693866252899169921875, "lng": 45.2043000000000034788172342814505100250244140625, "description": "Al Shabaab detonates an improvised explosive device at a water source borehole and destroys houses from the Hawadle clan near Belet Weyne, Hiraan, Somalia. Al Shabaab was targeting clans supporting government operations in the region.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SOM38197" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Military forces clash with rioters in raids to stop water and power network violations in Al Badiya al Wosta, Jordan", "date": "2022", "country": "Jordan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.698899999999998300381776061840355396270751953125, "lng": 35.95530000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "description": "Military forces clash with rioters during raids into several areas in Al Badiya al Wosta, Jordan, to stop and control violations against water and power networks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. JOR996" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers demolish Palestinian-owned facilities, including water tanks in West Bank, to advance settlement projects", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.342500000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 35.51140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "description": "Israeli settlers demolish Palestinian-owned facilities, including solar cells and water tanks in Al Farsiyah, Tubas, West Bank, in an attempt to advance settlement projects (October).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE16887" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces destroy a dam in Donetsk, flooding the town of Raihorodok", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 48.89479999999999648707671440206468105316162109375, "lng": 37.7274000000000029331204132176935672760009765625, "description": "The Russians blow up a dam during their retreat in Donetsk Oblast in October 2022, flooding the settlement of Raihorodok.", "sources": [ "Tyshchenko 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Around 100 farmers in Tacna, Peru clash over ownership of a water well in the sector", "date": "2022", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -18.014700000000001267608240596018731594085693359375, "lng": -70.25360000000000582076609134674072265625, "description": "Around 100 farmers of the Huerto de Olivos Fronteras Vivas association, Tacna, Peru, clash over ownership of a water well in the sector.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PER5220" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents and farmers destroy intake pipes that drew water from a river and transferred it to a dam in Kenya", "date": "2022", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -0.37990000000000001545430450278217904269695281982421875, "lng": 37.148899999999997589839040301740169525146484375, "description": "Residents and farmers from eight villages destroy intake pipes that drew water from a river and transferred it to Ragati dam, Mathira East, Nyeri, Kenya in demonstration against the move by the Mathira Water and Sanitation Company, Mawasco. The pipes cut the flow of water to domestic users and irrigators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. KEN9500" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy solar cell units and damage water tanks belonging to Palestinian farmers in Al Farsiyah, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.342500000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 35.51140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "description": "A group of Israeli settlers destroy solar cell units and damage water tanks belonging to Palestinian farmers in Al Farsiyah, Tubas, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE17154" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi fighter kills civilian in Yemen in a water project dispute", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.90919999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": 43.26230000000000330828697769902646541595458984375, "description": "A Houthi fighter shoots and kills one civilian in Razih district, Sadah, Yemen, over benefits from a water project. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM77165" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Physical conflict erupts between two clans over control of water resources and water services in Sidon, Lebanon", "date": "2022", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.559899999999998954081092961132526397705078125, "lng": 35.37559999999999860165189602412283420562744140625, "description": "Physical conflict erupts between workers, drivers and owners of two different Water Associations and clans, Al Salim and Al Aafara, in Sidon, Lebanon over control of water resources and client competition. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. LBN14072" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy water pump in Nablus, West Bank, cutting water supply to over 20,000 Palestinians in multiple villages", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 32.1844999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 35.25019999999999953388396534137427806854248046875, "description": "Israeli military forces destroy a central water pump that supplies water to several villages, including Burin, Madama, Asirah, and Urif, Nablus, West Bank, cutting water supply to more than 20,000 Palestinians (October).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE17073" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinians clash with Israeli settlers and soldiers over Qaryut water spring", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Palestinians clash with Israeli settlers and soldiers who broke into the water spring of Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE17114" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin militants sabotage water installation in Sebba, Burkina Faso", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.441700000000000869704308570362627506256103515625, "lng": 0.5263999999999999790389892950770445168018341064453125, "description": "Suspected Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin militants sabotage the National Office of Water and Sanitation water installation by destroying the generator in the town of Sebba, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO8392" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes erupt between unknown gunmen and Syrian Democratic Forces after attack on Zir water facility in Deir ez Zor, Syria", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.12480000000000046611603465862572193145751953125, "lng": 40.4346000000000032059688237495720386505126953125, "description": "Clashes take place between unknown gunmen believed to Islamic State members and Syrian Democratic Forces after a water facility in Zir, Deir ez Zor, Syria is attacked.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR107078" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A farmer is killed and two others injured in a clash at Satpakia, Bangladesh, following an altercation over allocation of water ", "date": "2022", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.01879999999999881765688769519329071044921875, "lng": 90.0174999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "description": "Rivals groups clash at Satpakia village, Bangladesh, following an altercation over giving water to rice fields. A farmer is killed and two others are injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BGD23118" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Somali herders invade farms and destroy water points in Kilifi, Kenya", "date": "2022", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -3.033300000000000107291953099775128066539764404296875, "lng": 40.06660000000000110276232589967548847198486328125, "description": "Suspected Somali herders invade farms in Magarini, Kilifi, Kenya and destroy some water points.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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FRA19929, FRA19930" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike hits water tanks in Saada, Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.950900000000000744648787076584994792938232421875, "lng": 43.7477999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "On November 1, an airstrike hits water tanks in Sa'ada District, Saada, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Yemen Data Project ND" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Shevchenkove in Mykolaiv, Ukraine, damaging power station and water tower", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.86290000000000333102434524334967136383056640625, "lng": 32.19080000000000296722646453417837619781494140625, "description": "Russian forces shell Shevchenkove community in Mykolaiv, Ukraine, damaging a power distribution station and a water tower.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR79341" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military demolishes Palestinian-owned agricultural facilities, including water well, near Hebron in West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.409600000000001074340616469271481037139892578125, "lng": 34.9754999999999967030817060731351375579833984375, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish Palestinian-owned agricultural facilities, including a water well, in Al Frihat area near Hebron, West Bank. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE17451" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One injured in protest over water shortages in Polokwane, South Africa", "date": "2022", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -23.9044999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 29.468900000000001426769813406281173229217529296875, "description": "Community members in Polokwane, Limpopo, South Africa protest against water shortages. Demonstrators barricade the N1 with rocks and one person is reported hit by a police vehicle and hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF17828" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An attack partly destroys three spillways and the roadway on the Kakhovka Dam on the Dnipro River", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 46.780900000000002592059900052845478057861328125, "lng": 33.3669000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "An attack in November 2022 partly destroys three spillways and the roadway on the Kakhovka Dam on the Dnipro River, leading to a decrease in water levels in the Kakhovske Reservoir, threatening water supply in regional cities, reducing water available for the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, and hindering Ukrainian advances across the river.", "sources": [ "Gleick et al. 2023", "Shevchuk and Vyshnevskyi 2022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers, under the protection of Israeli soldiers, clash with Palestinians after raiding a water well", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Israeli settlers, under the protection of Israeli soldiers, clash with Palestinians after raiding the water well of Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank. Soldiers fire stun grenades and tear gas canisters toward Palestinians.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE17616" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab explosive attack kills eight African Union Transition Mission peacekeepers and destroys water tanker in Somalia", "date": "2022", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -1.6374999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "lng": 41.5876999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "description": "An improvised explosive device planted by Al Shabaab is used to attack a convoy of the African Union Transition Mission peacekeepers in Somalia, killing eight soldiers and destroying a water tanker. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SOM38688" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified armed group targets water-transport truck with explosive device in Marib, Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.4739000000000004320099833421409130096435546875, "lng": 45.3669000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "An improvised explosive device planted by an unidentified armed group targets a water-transport truck in Marib, Yemen. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM77511" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Presumed Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin militants sabotage a water pumping station near Tiben, Burkina Faso", "date": "2022", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.1592999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": -1.37080000000000001847411112976260483264923095703125, "description": "Presumed Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin militants sabotage a water pumping station near the village of Tiben, Sanmatenga, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO8571" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A political demonstration in Brazil turns violent and demonstrators break water pipes and damage the water and sanitation system", "date": "2022", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -9.91329999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "lng": -63.04079999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "description": "On November 18, 2022, in Ariquemes (Rondonia), Bolsonaro supporters protesting the result of the October 30th damage the city's water and sanitation system by breaking water pipes, causing a shortage in water supply in six neighborhoods.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BRA61203" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Thee soldiers from the Myanmar military are killed while repairing a water system for a military camp ", "date": "2022", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.416399999999999437250153278000652790069580078125, "lng": 97.1332000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "description": "Myanmar military repairing a water system for a military camp are attacked in Hpruso, Kayah, Myanmar, killing three soldiers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR42388" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water access clash injures two in Mallah community, Badin, Sindh, Pakistan", "date": "2022", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.88329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "lng": 68.8165999999999939973349682986736297607421875, "description": "A clash over access to water takes place between two groups of the Mallah community, Badin, Sindh, Pakistan, injuring two.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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SUD18570, SUD18571" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia reportedly attacks the Dnipro hydropower plant in December 2022", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.83879999999999910187398199923336505889892578125, "lng": 35.139600000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "description": "The Dnipro hydropower plant near Zaporizhzhia is reportedly attacked by Russia in December 2022.", "sources": [ "BBC News 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several are injured in a clash between police and demonstrators in Ciudad de Mexico in a protest over a water system", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.26350000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": -99.1049000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "Several people are injured in a clash between police and demonstrators in Ciudad de Mexico, Xochimilco. Residents are protesting hydraulic works of the Actopan collector and denouncing the misuse of water resources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX68032" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi forces kill two farmers and injure three in water well dispute in Al Hudaydah, Yemen", "date": "2022", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.0589999999999992752464095246978104114532470703125, "lng": 43.2873000000000018872015061788260936737060546875, "description": "Houthi forces shoot and kill at least two farmers and injure three others in Bani Ubaqah in Bajil district, Al Hudaydah, Yemen when Houthi forces attempt to seize civilian lands and dig a water well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM77714" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell the Kherson, Ukraine water utility, killing one", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.65579999999999927240423858165740966796875, "lng": 32.6178000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "Russian forces shell the Kherson, Ukraine water utility, resulting in the death of one civilian. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR83383" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community members in Johannesburg, South Africa threaten contractors, fire shots, demand illegal water connections", "date": "2022", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.20230000000000103455022326670587062835693359375, "lng": 28.043600000000001415401129634119570255279541015625, "description": "Community members threaten Joburg Water contractors and fire gunshots in Johannesburg, South Africa, demanding permission for illegal water connections.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18108" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers vandalize and burn Champadevi hydropower office in Nepal over water diversion", "date": "2022", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 28.08579999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "lng": 84.5883999999999929286786937154829502105712890625, "description": "Farmers vandalize and burn the office of the Champadevi hydropower project in Siranchok, Nepal, to protest the diversion of their irrigation water towards the hydropower project.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. NEP21122" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Kupiansk and Kharkiv, Ukraine, damaging water pipe and civilian infrastructure", "date": "2022", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.7105999999999994543031789362430572509765625, "lng": 37.6152000000000015234036254696547985076904296875, "description": "Russian forces shell Kupiansk and Kharkiv, Ukraine, damaging a water pipe and other civilian infrastructure. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR89226" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military demolishes Palestinian house and water well in Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.559899999999998954081092961132526397705078125, "lng": 35.0801000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish a Palesinian house under construction and a water well in Farsh al Hawa, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE18153" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent demonstration in Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico, over access to water services leads to injuries", "date": "2022", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.55160000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "lng": -99.5010999999999938836481305770576000213623046875, "description": "A violent demonstration in Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico, over access to water services leads to injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX68765" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Regional special forces shoot protesters opposing water well drilling in Shilabo, Ethiopia, killing two and injuring seven", "date": "2022", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.09170000000000033679725675028748810291290283203125, "lng": 44.763599999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "Regional special forces shoot into protesters who had gathered to oppose the drilling of a water well in a cattle grazing area near Shilabo, Ethiopia, killing two and injuring seven others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ETH9567" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Bomb planted by unknown armed group explodes at water station in Dara, Syria", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.6689999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "lng": 36.02669999999999816964191268198192119598388671875, "description": "A bomb planted by an unknown armed group explodes in a water station near Kharab Shahem town in Dara, Syria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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KEN9774" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Locals in Balochistan protest for rights and clean water; clashes with police leave one officer dead, complex set on fire", "date": "2022", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.12160000000000081854523159563541412353515625, "lng": 62.32540000000000190993887372314929962158203125, "description": "Locals hold a demonstration in Gwadar city, Balochistan, Pakistan, demanding rights for the people of Gwadar, clean drinking water, and an end to fishing trawlers. The demonstrators besiege the residence of the deputy commissioner and other offices. Police lob tear gas shells and fire shots to disperse the protesters. One policeman is reported killed, and a police complex is set on fire.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK80310, PAK80336" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military demolishes water well, shop, and fence in Qalqas Village, Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2022", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.49210000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "lng": 35.0953999999999979308995534665882587432861328125, "description": "Israeli military forces demolish a water well, a shop selling car parts, and a fence at the junction of Qalqas village, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE18399" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unknown gunmen, believed to be Islamic State members, attack Asayish water truck in Syria, killing 1 and injuring 2", "date": "2022", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.869900000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "lng": 39.2813000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "Unknown gunmen believed to be Islamic State members target an Asayish water truck in Karama, Syria, killing 1 Asayish member, and injuring two others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SYR109397" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Grenade blast in water tank leaves 40 families without water in Potrerito, Valle del Cauca, Colombia", "date": "2022", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 3.226999999999999868549593884381465613842010498046875, "lng": -76.5792000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "Three unidentified individuals detonate a grenade in a water tank in Potrerito, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, leaving around 40 families without drinking water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COL18785" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "College students in South Africa protest water, book, and student card shortages; set fire to vehicle and water tank", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -28.870999999999998664179656771011650562286376953125, "lng": 31.89959999999999951114659779705107212066650390625, "description": "College students in eSikhawini, uMhlathuze, KwaZulu-Natal, protest demanding solutions for the shortages of water, books, and student cards on the campus. Demonstraters set fire to a college vehicle and a water tank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18431" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Eastern Cape's Raymond Mhlaba residents block road with stones and burning tires to demand water after pump station vandalism", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -32.774799999999999045030563138425350189208984375, "lng": 26.63380000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "description": "In Raymond Mhlaba, Eastern Cape, residents block road near Fort Beaufort with burning tires and stones, demanding water due to the vandalism of a water pump station by criminals.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18187" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Indwe, South Africa, demand water supply and police use rubber bullets injuring 16", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -31.466599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "lng": 27.33330000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "description": "Residents in Indwe, Emalahleni, Eastern Cape, South Africa block roads using burning tires, demanding water supply and service delivery. The police respond by firing rubber bullets, injuring 16.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18335" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water allocation conflict erupts between villagers in Chilaura Nowapara Village, Sylhet, Bangladesh", "date": "2023", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.774899999999998811972545809112489223480224609375, "lng": 91.552199999999999135980033315718173980712890625, "description": "On January 4, 2023, a dispute between villagers over the allocation of water for cultivation erupts in Chilaura Nowapara village, Jagannathpur upazila, Sunamganj, Sylhet, Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BGD23466" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected group for support of Islam and Muslim militants sabotage power lines in Gayeri, Burkina Faso, disrupting water system", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.647999999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "lng": 0.49299999999999999378275106209912337362766265869140625, "description": "Around January 8, 2023, suspected Group for Support of Islam and Muslims militants sabotage power lines in Gayeri, Burkina Faso, disrupting water systems.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.BFO8976" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish water well in Kafr ad Dik Village, Plestibe, citing permit absence", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.06710000000000349018591805361211299896240234375, "lng": 35.08279999999999887450030655600130558013916015625, "description": "On January 10, 2023, Israeli military forces demolish a water well in the village of Kafr ad Dik, Salfit, West Bank, Palestine, citing the absence of building permits as their justification.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE30901" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage Palestinian water pipes in Qusra Village, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.08539999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": 35.3301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "On January 11, 2023, Israeli settlers destroy water pipes that belong to Palestinians in the village of Qusra, Nablus, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE30832" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab attack results in 350+ camel deaths and water contamination in Ceel Xeero Village, Somalia", "date": "2023", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.3933999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "lng": 46.088200000000000500222085975110530853271484375, "description": "Deadly Al Shabaab assault claims lives of over 350 camels and pollutes water sources in Ceel Xeero Village, Bulo Burto, Somalia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SOM39239" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "West Papua National Liberation Army damages water pipes and disrupts access to clean water in Oksibil District, Indonesia", "date": "2023", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -4.90340000000000042490455598453991115093231201171875, "lng": 140.631000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Disruption of the clean water supply to the Oksibil district in Papua province, Indonesia, results from an attack on a water pipe by the West Papua National Liberation Army.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IDN11341, IDN11342" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest in Yauri, Cusco, Peru escalates with mining facility breach and attack on a community water tank", "date": "2023", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -14.79299999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "lng": -71.41280000000000427462509833276271820068359375, "description": "A four-day protest against Peru's president Dina Boluarte in Yauri, Cusco, Peru, escalates as demonstrators breach Antapaccay mining facility, targeting a vital water tank supplying local communities.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PER5913" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents clash with Exaltacion de Colcapirhua board over water well construction amid ongoing border conflict in Bolivia", "date": "2023", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.33800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": -66.21580000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "description": "In a border conflict, Sirpita residents clash with Exaltacion de Colcapirhua board during a demonstration against a water well construction in Tiquipaya, Cochabamba, Bolivia. The well is destroyed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BOL4051, BOL4050" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mexican residents in Rincon de Tamayo, Guanajuato protest water mismanagement, leading to clashes, injuries, and arrests", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.42229999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": -100.756000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Mexican residents in Rincon de Tamayo, Guanajuato, protest against the Municipal Water and Sewage Board over water mismanagement, leading to clashes with personnel and police that results in injuries and arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX69621" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death during protests over water shortages in Mpumalanga, South Africa", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -27.00710000000000121644916362129151821136474609375, "lng": 30.813199999999998368593878694809973239898681640625, "description": "A protest over water shortages near Piet Retief in Mkhondo, Gert Sibande, Mpumalanga, leads to road blockades with burning objects; police use shots to disperse the crowd, fatally injuring a 17-year-old.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18196" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "South African residents barricade roads with burning items in Parys, Ngwathe, Free State, protesting water shortage", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.90330000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "lng": 27.457300000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "description": "Residents in Parys, Ngwathe, Free State, South Africa, barricade roads with burning items to protest water shortage, resulting in property damage by rioters; police intervene, arresting five for violence.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18185, SAF18186" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tanker and machinery set on fire by People's Liberation Front of India members in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 22.4491000000000013869794202037155628204345703125, "lng": 84.9163999999999958845364744774997234344482421875, "description": "People's Liberation Front of India members set fire to construction equipment, including a water tanker, near Orga railway station in the Ranchi district, Jharkhand.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND125522" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed men attack police in Guanajuato, Mexico amid water control dispute", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.42229999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": -100.756000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Armed men in pickups shoot at police near Water Committee, Rincon de Tamayo, Guanajuato, Mexico, possibly due to Municipal Water Board control of community wells.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. 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PSE31052" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortage protest in Lichtenburg, South Africa, leads to truck burning and 24 arrests", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.1520000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "lng": 26.1597000000000008412825991399586200714111328125, "description": "In Lichtenburg, Ngaka Modiri Molema, North West, South Africa, residents burn trucks and loot amid water shortage protest, leading to 24 arrests.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18203" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash erupts as Palestinian protesters confront Israeli forces and settlers over water well usage in Qaryut Village, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "In Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank, Palestinian protesters confront Israeli military forces and settlers, triggered by settlers' intrusion for utilizing the village water well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31044" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents protest lack of water access in Castilla, Piura, Peru", "date": "2023", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.22660000000000035669245335157029330730438232421875, "lng": -80.6157999999999930196281638927757740020751953125, "description": "In Castilla, Piura, Peru, residents throw rocks and reject officials inspecting water works due to the lack of access to water infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PER6466" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military demolishes Palestinian-owned water well in Hablah Village, citing building permit absence", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.165199999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "lng": 34.97749999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "description": "An under-construction water well owned by Palestinians in Hablah village, Qalqilya, West Bank, is destroyed by Israeli military forces, who claim the absence of a building permit as the reason.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31105" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli police confiscate water tank in West Bank, citing license issue near Al Quds - Isawiya", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.803100000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "lng": 35.28699999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "description": "In Cisjordânia, east of Al Quds - Isawiya, West Bank, a water tank is confiscated by the Israeli police who allege lack of license.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31104" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces damage water pumping station in attack in Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.618999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": 34.53690000000000281943357549607753753662109375, "description": "Russian forces damage a water pumping station in an attack to the Chervonohryhorivka community in the Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR89685" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The city of Odesa, Ukraine loses water supply after Russian attacks on energy and water systems", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.4823999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "lng": 30.723299999999998277644408517517149448394775390625, "description": "The entire city of Odesa, Ukraine population 1 million, is temporarily left without water in late January 2023 after Russian attacks on energy and water systems.", "sources": [ "UNHCR 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents protest water shortage in Case Noyale, Mauritius, blocking road, damaging police vehicle, and disrupting water supply", "date": "2023", "country": "Mauritius", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -20.413199999999999789679350215010344982147216796875, "lng": 57.3686000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "description": "100 residents protest inadequate drinking water supply, blocking a major road with concrete blocks and damaging a police vehicle in Case Noyale - Black River, Mauritius. Water supply disruption is attributed to a damaged pipe.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MUS342" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Soldiers destroy water pump at Mahar Myat Muni pagoda in Kyauktaw, Myanmar", "date": "2023", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 20.84400000000000119371179607696831226348876953125, "lng": 92.97280000000000654836185276508331298828125, "description": "Four soldiers stationed at Mahar Myat Muni pagoda in Kyauktaw township, Myanmar destroy a water pump.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR44916" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage Palestinian-owned agricultural equipment, fence, and water tanks in Al Masoudiyah, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3018000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": 35.192599999999998772182152606546878814697265625, "description": "Israeli settlers engage in the destruction of Palestinian-owned agricultural equipment and cause damage to a fence and water tanks in the Al Masoudiyah area near Burqah village, Nablus, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31366" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia again attacks the Dnipro hydropower plant in February 2023", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.81280000000000285353962681256234645843505859375, "lng": 35.1049000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "The Dnipro hydropower plant near Zaporizhzhia is attacked by Russia in February 2023.", "sources": [ "BBC News 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russians manipulate the water levels in the reservoir behind Kakhovka Dam, affecting civilian and agricultural water supplies", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 46.780900000000002592059900052845478057861328125, "lng": 33.3669000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "Russian forces manipulate water releases from the Kakhovka Dam in February 2023 to hinder Ukrainian military operations and threaten the water supplies for the cities of Enerhodar, Melitopol, and Berdiansk, which rely on water from the reservoir. Water supply for irrigation and power plant cooling at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant is also threatened.", "sources": [ "Brumfiel et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab attack kills two civilians and destroys water points in Sirirale, Somalia", "date": "2023", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.6066000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "lng": 45.326099999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "An improvised explosive device planted at two water points by Al Shabaab detonates, killing two civilians, injuring one, and destroying the two water points in the Sirirale area near Baardheere village, Hiraan, Somalia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SOM39476" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash in Kenya between Samburu militia and Isiolo herders over grazing land and water access leaves one dead, 5 injured", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 0.64400000000000001687538997430237941443920135498046875, "lng": 37.67519999999999669171302230097353458404541015625, "description": "A confrontation occurs between suspected Samburu militia and an unidentified militia group, described as Isiolo herders, near Archers Post, Samburu East, Kenya. The clash arises from disputes over grazing land and access to watering holes for livestock, resulting in one fatality and five injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. KEN10941" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Balochistan Liberation Front strikes army water-supply post in Balochistan, Pakistan", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.105199999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "lng": 62.0715000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "description": "Members of the Balochistan Liberation Front launch an assault on the Pakistan army's water-supply post in Gawak town, Kech, using rockets and heavy weapons.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK81223" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Political dispute in Tamil Nadu, India, over misuse of drinking water leads to violence and one death ", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.33239999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "lng": 78.364900000000005775291356258094310760498046875, "description": "A Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam councillor and eight of his relatives attack two soldiers on leave near Pochampalli village, Tamil Nadu, India due to an altercation over the misuse of drinking water, killing one of the soldiers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND126508" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers attack Palestinian shepherd and restrict access to a water pond in Ayn al Bayda, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.3804999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "lng": 35.50829999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "A group of Israeli settlers attack a Palestinian shepherd and restrict access to a Palestinian-owned water pond in Ayn al Bayda, Tubas, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31523" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Myanmar military launches airstrikes on War Ri Khu Village, damaging religous buildings and water storage", "date": "2023", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.8633999999999986130205797962844371795654296875, "lng": 97.0083000000000055251803132705390453338623046875, "description": "The Myanmar military carries out airstrikes on War Ri Khu village in Pekon, damaging the Me Taw Gu Christian religious buildings and water-storage facilities. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR45374" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage Palestinian-owned solar cells, cars, and water tanks in Tubas, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.32730000000000103455022326670587062835693359375, "lng": 35.4361999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "description": "Individuals from the Israeli settler community damage solar cells, agricultural equipment, and water tanks owned by Palestinians in Khirbat al Malih village, Tubas, West Bank. They assault a Palestinian before soldiers arrest them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31987, PSE31986" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters in Ethiopia demand water and are met with violence from local military, resulting in fatalities and injuries", "date": "2023", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.283300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 37.78329999999999699866748414933681488037109375, "description": "Residents of Welkite, Guraghe, Ethiopian, block a road and throw stones at the Water and Sanitation Office to protest the lack of drinking water, which has been shut off in some parts of the city for over a month. Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region forces fire live bullets at the rioters, killing at least three and wounding 30 people. Several dozen people are later arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ETH9774, ETH9794" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Confrontation erupts as Palestinians clash with Israeli forces during raid on the water spring in Qaryut Village, Nablus, Palest", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Palestinians and Israeli military forces clash after Israeli raid on the water spring in Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank. Soldiers use stun grenades and tear gas canisters, leading to several injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31755, PSE32094" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ituru residents in Kenya vandalize Karimenu dam pipeline in protest over lack of access to water for their homes", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -1, "lng": 36.91669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "description": "Residents of Ituuru village, Gatundu South, Kiambu, Kenya, vandalize the Karimenu dam water pipeline in a protest over the unsuccessful delivery of water into their taps, and demand an immediate supply of water to their homes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. KEN10925" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers seize water sources and build networks in West Bank, causing extensive damage to Palestinian lands", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 32.28349999999999653255144949071109294891357421875, "lng": 35.38369999999999748752088635228574275970458984375, "description": "In the Sahel Al-Baqiaa area, east of Tammun town, Tubas, West Bank, Israeli settlers appropriate water sources and construct water-supply networks, resulting in the extensive damage to Palestinian agricultural lands.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE31772" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors in Mexico face eviction and assault by police during demonstration against farming that contaminates water sources", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.9414000000000015688783605583012104034423828125, "lng": -88.955600000000004001776687800884246826171875, "description": "In Sitilpech, Yucatan, Mexico, over 100 residents face eviction and physical assault by more than 150 state and municipal police officers after a protest over farming practices that cause environmental contamination and damage to water sources. The protests continue for two weeks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX70925, MEX71452" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed group's attack on oil pipeline in Ricaurte, Narino, Colombia, results in oil spill, contaminating local water sources", "date": "2023", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.2129000000000000891731133378925733268260955810546875, "lng": -77.9954000000000036152414395473897457122802734375, "description": "An armed group damages an oil pipeline in Ricaurte, Narino, Colombia, causing an oil spill that pollutes local water sources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COL19335" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin members destroy two water pumps in Barsalogho, Burkina Faso", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.4138999999999999346300683100707828998565673828125, "lng": -1.055800000000000071764816311770118772983551025390625, "description": "Individuals believed to be associated with the Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin destroy two water pumps in the town of Barsalogho, Sanmatenga, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO9271" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Marhanets, Ukraine, disrupting water supplies for 35,000", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.63539999999999707824827055446803569793701171875, "lng": 34.62769999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "Russian forces shell Marhanets in the Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine, damaging private houses, a gas pipeline, and a power line connected to the water pumping station, resulting in water-supply disruption for 35,000 people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR92941" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fatal clash between Baiki and Tangi tribes in Khost, Afghanistan, over road construction and possible water dispute", "date": "2023", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.201999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "lng": 69.51519999999999299689079634845256805419921875, "description": "A violent clash occurs between Baiki and Tangi tribes in Khost's Spera, Afghanistan, over road construction and a possible dispute over water. One Taliban member dies, two to four civilians are injured, and seven are arrested. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. AFG66161" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest in Evaton, South Africa, over water shortage leads to one fatality", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.533300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 27.85000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "description": "Residents in Evaton, Gauteng, South Africa, barricade roads with burning tires, rocks, and debris to protest water and electricity shortages. A 22-year-old man is fatally shot during the demonstration.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF18463" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supplies in three districts in Ukraine are cut off by attacks on civilian infrastructure", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.28439999999999798774297232739627361297607421875, "lng": 32.320999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "description": "In late February 2023, water supplies in the Druzhkivka, Mykolaiv, and Bashtanka districts are only available irregularly and are regularly cut off by direct damage, attacks on electricity systems, and inability to repair infrastructure damaged by the war.", "sources": [ "Left Bank Analytics 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Iranian schoolgirls targeted with poison at school water systems in multiple incidents", "date": "2023", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.64200000000000301270119962282478809356689453125, "lng": 50.87400000000000233058017329312860965728759765625, "description": "Iranian schoolgirls are targeted in spate of poisoning attacks on school water systems. In Qom on February 14, more than 100 students from 13 schools were taken to hospitals after what the state-affiliated Tasnim news agency described as “serial poisonings.” Poisonings in other cities were also reported.", "sources": [ "Shahla 2023", "Moshtaghian et al. 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest over water supply issues in Hubballi, India, turns violent as councillors of two parties clash", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.347699999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "lng": 75.133700000000004592948243953287601470947265625, "description": "Indian National Congress council members protest inside Hubballi Dharwad Municipal Corporation in Hubballi city, Hubli, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, against water supply issues, but violence ensues as members of the Bharatiya Janata Party physically attack them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND127631" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Colombia, residents block highway over water service outages, and a confrontation with police results injuries", "date": "2023", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.94969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": -75.0742000000000047066350816749036312103271484375, "description": "In San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolivar, Colombia, residents block the Western Highway in response to a ten-day water service outage. Colombian National Police riot control forces use tear gas to disperse protesters, and police officers fire their guns, resulting in injuries to four demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. COL19464" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified militia invade and vandalize Kaakong Primary School, including water tank, in Kibish, Turkana, Kenya", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 4.35400000000000009237055564881302416324615478515625, "lng": 35.5240000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "A group of unidentified militia carry out acts of vandalism on buildings and equipment, including the water tank, at Kaakong Primary School in Kibish, Turkana, Kenya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. KEN11061" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Military forces set fire to betel nut farm, destroy water pumps, and property in Ka De Village, Myanmar", "date": "2023", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.8907000000000007133849067031405866146087646484375, "lng": 98.6945999999999941110218060202896595001220703125, "description": "Military forces burn a betel nut farm, two tents, two water pumps, a tractor, and other property in Ka De village, Palaw township, Myeik district, Tanintharyi region, Myanmar. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR46181" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drone attack in Myanmar kills one soldier and injures another during water tank transport", "date": "2023", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 21.58800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 94.5972000000000008412825991399586200714111328125, "description": "A drone attack is carried out by the Myaing People's Defense Force and an unknown local defense force on military forces transporting a water tank in Hpa Lan Kaing village, Pauk township, Magway region, Myanmar. The attack results in the death of one soldier and injuries to another.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR46218" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters in Liben, Amhara, Ethiopia stage road blockade demanding water and electricity access. Security forces fire live bull", "date": "2023", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.69669999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 36.945099999999996498445398174226284027099609375, "description": "For several consecutive days, young individuals in Liben, West Gojam, Amhara, Ethiopia, block roads with burning tires, stones, and wood, halting vehicles to protest the lack of drinking water supplies and electricity for more than six months. Security forces fire live bullets, killing one and injuring three others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ETH9836, ETH9837, ETH9838" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deadly three-day attack by ethnic militia over access to water in Mekenisa Kebele, Oromia, Ethiopia", "date": "2023", "country": "Ethiopia, Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.507600000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": 42.60679999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "description": "Ethnic Somali militias in Mekenisa kebele, East Hararge, Oromia, Ethiopia, attacks ethnic Oromo civilians for three days blocking their access to drinking water, resulting in four deaths and nine injuries. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ETH9828, ETH9829" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers attempt to seize the Ayn Bliebel spring from Palestinian farmers, Tubas, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.3804999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "lng": 35.50829999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "In an attempt to seize the spring that is used by Palestinian farmers, Israeli settlers carry out construction activities at the water spring of Ayn Bliebel east of Ayn al Bayda, Tubas, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE32342" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Balochistan Liberation Army attacks a water transport tractor at Hazara dam construction area in Harnai district, Balochista", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 30.100699999999999789679350215010344982147216796875, "lng": 67.93819999999999481588019989430904388427734375, "description": "The Balochistan Liberation Army orchestrates an improvised explosive device attack on a tractor transporting water to workers at the Hazara dam construction site in Harnai district, Balochistan, Pakistan. The driver is fatally wounded, and three more individuals suffer injuries as a result of the incident.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK81842" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water drainage conflict sparks clash between families, leaving five injured in Jammu and Kashmir, India", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.64699999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": 74.815100000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "description": "A confrontation erupts between two families in the Khalis Kullian area of Miran Sahib block, Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir, India, due to a dispute over water drainage. The clash leaves five individuals injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND127686" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent ethnic clashes claim seven lives in Tulu Guled, Ethiopia, over grazing land and access to water", "date": "2023", "country": "Ethiopia, Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.6166999999999998038902049302123486995697021484375, "lng": 42.7531000000000034333424991928040981292724609375, "description": "Violent ethnic clashes erupt in Tulu Guled, Ethiopia, resulting in seven fatalities and numerous injuries. The conflict is rooted in disputes over grazing land and water resources. In response, the Oromia regional government initiates a restructuring of the contested land, dividing it into two administrative district to accommodate the Oromo and Somali pastoralist communities. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. ETH9834" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water collection dispute triggers clash in Baglung Municipality, Nepal, and residents attempt to destroy water tank", "date": "2023", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.271899999999998698285708087496459484100341796875, "lng": 83.589799999999996771293808706104755401611328125, "description": "A water collection dispute sparks a clash between hundreds of locals from two districts in Baglung municipality, Baglung district, Nepal. Residents of Ratnechaur, from Beni municipality of Myagdi district, try to destroy Baglung's water tank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. NEP21608" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Coordinated attacks target water supply company in Natal, Brazil, with Sindicato do Crime suspected", "date": "2023", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -5.7949999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "lng": -35.2094000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "description": "Unidentified individuals in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil target a local water supply company, setting fire to its facilities and a vehicle in the Cidade da Esperanca neighborhood. These coordinated attacks occur across the state for ten days, with the Sindicato do Crime organization believed to be responsible.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BRA68951" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters in Azerbaijan block Baku highway demanding irrigation water, resulting in injuries and arrests", "date": "2023", "country": "Azerbaijan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.93560000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "lng": 48.3667999999999977944753482006490230560302734375, "description": "Villagers from Nabatkend and Orta Mugan, Azerbaijan, stage a protest, blocking the highway to Baku, demanding irrigation water to address the significant crop damage. Police use rubber bullets, causing two protesters to be hospitalized, and arrest around 10 demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.AZE18096" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi forces assault workers and shut down a water factory in Yemen", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.409800000000000608224581810645759105682373046875, "lng": 44.140500000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "description": "Houthi forces assault workers at the Shamlan Mineral Water Factory in Shamlan, Hamdan, Sanaa, Yemen. They demolish parts of the factory, close it, and block the entry and exit for employees and trucks. The attack is allegedly due to the factory owners' refusal to share revenues with a Houthi figure.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM79583" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Assault on Water Resources Department staff in Diyala Province, Iraq", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 33.75399999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "lng": 44.60520000000000351292328559793531894683837890625, "description": "Two individuals attack Water Resources Department staff in Diyala province, Iraq, while they are dismantling unauthorized structures along waterways. Law enforcement apprehends the attackers, and casualties remain uncertain.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IRQ45201" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rioters clash with police in Al Islah district, Thi Qar, Iraq, over water scarcity ", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.165800000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "lng": 46.60090000000000287627699435688555240631103515625, "description": "Clashes erupt between rioters and police in Al Islah district, Thi Qar, Iraq, triggered by water scarcity. Police reinforcements are deployed and use live ammunition to disperse the riot. Tires are set on fire by the rioters. Casualties unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IRQ45205", "Crisis 24 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clash over water resources in Muzabd, North Kordofan, Sudan claims two lives and injures seven", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.9003999999999994230392985627986490726470947265625, "lng": 29.318799999999999528199623455293476581573486328125, "description": "Two rival ethnic groups engage in a violent confrontation in Muzabd, Gharb Bara, North Kordofan, Sudan, due to a conflict over access to water resources. The clash results in two deaths, including an off-duty police officer, and leaves seven individuals injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SUD19440" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tiquipaya residents protest against water-treatment plant relocation in Bolivia", "date": "2023", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -17.33800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": -66.21580000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "description": "Police clash with residents of Tiquipaya, Cochabamba, Bolivia, protesting the relocation of a water-treatment plant.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BOL4270" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A building of the water-supply company in Donetsk, Ukraine is attacked", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.94270000000000209183781407773494720458984375, "lng": 37.67110000000000269437805400229990482330322265625, "description": "A Russian report says Ukrainian Armed Forces strike the building of the water-supply company in the Petrovsky district of Donetsk (March 22, 2023).", "sources": [ "War in My Eyes 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fatal confrontation over the distribution of water resources claims life near New Manik Wah in Tando Bago, Pakistan", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.788900000000001710986907710321247577667236328125, "lng": 68.9655000000000057980287238024175167083740234375, "description": "Confrontation over the fair distribution of water resources between Athela and Kaloi factions near New Manik Wah in Tando Bago, Sindh, Pakistan results in the death of an individual. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK82051" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes erupt on World Water Day march demanding improved water services in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.96719999999999828332875040359795093536376953125, "lng": -89.6243999999999942929207463748753070831298828125, "description": "On World Water Day, March 23, 2023, around 100 people march in Merida, Yucatan, to demand improved water services. The demonstrators clash with state police, resulting in one police officer being injured. Authorities arrest four individuals.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX72281" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipelines in Port Sudan are attacked", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.5902999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 37.190100000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "description": "A water crisis worsens in Port Sudan, Sudan after attacks on the city's water pipelines by unknown persons. The neighborhoods of Shargi, Hadal, Salbouna, and Abu Hashish are worst affected.", "sources": [ "Dabanga 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Many injuries reported at massive protests in Sainte-Soline, France to stop construction of water reservoirs", "date": "2023", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 46.246499999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "lng": 0.0360229999999999994653165913405246101319789886474609375, "description": "In late March 2023, as many as 200 protesters and 50 police officers sustain injuries in a battle in Sainte-Soline, France to stop the construction of giant water \"basins\" to irrigate crops. Protesters throw projectiles including improvised explosives; police respond with tear gas, water cannons, and rubber bullets.", "sources": [ "France 24 2023a", "Gounden and Byers 2023", "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. FRA24671" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Migrants' protest for water in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, detention center ends in at least 39 fatalities", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.746500000000001051603248924948275089263916015625, "lng": -106.4849999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Migrants detained in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, set fire to mattresses in protest of their deportation, poor living conditions, and lack of drinking water. The fire escalates, resulting in the deaths of at least 39 migrants and injuring 29 others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MEX72530" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over water pollution in India, leaves over 30 injured as villagers confront each other and police intervene with tear gas", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.92640000000000100044417195022106170654296875, "lng": 93.7993000000000023419488570652902126312255859375, "description": "Villagers from Konsakhul and Leilon, India, clash over water pollution concerns. The clash escalates into a confrontation, with both sides throwing stones. State police intervene, using tear gas to restore order. Over 30 people sustain injuries in the incident.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND129166" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected militants from Islamic State Sahel vandalize water pump station, causing water scarcity in Dori, Burkina Faso", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.0757999999999992013499650056473910808563232421875, "lng": -0.136599999999999999200639422269887290894985198974609375, "description": "Suspected militants from Islamic State Sahel vandalize the water pump station located at the dam in Yakouta, Dori, Burkina Faso, resulting in a water scarcity affecting the town of Dori.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO9522" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers contaminate Palestinian water resources in Hebron City, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.529399999999998982502802391536533832550048828125, "lng": 35.0938000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "Israeli settlers pollute water resources in Hebron City, West Bank, by spraying chlorine into the water used by Palestinians.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE32688" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli systems that monitor irrigation and wastewater treatment are hit by a cyberattack, affecting water for farms", "date": "2023", "country": "Israel ", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.144599999999996953192749060690402984619140625, "lng": 35.59170000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "In April 2023, Israeli systems that monitor irrigation and wastewater treatment in the Hula Valley, the Jordan Valley, and the Galil Sewage Corporation’s are hit by a cyberattack, affecting water for at least ten farms.", "sources": [ "Waqas 2023b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy agricultural resources, pollute water well, and damage trees on Palestinian land in Shufah, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.27550000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 35.081400000000002137312549166381359100341796875, "description": "Israeli settlers from Avnei Hefetz settlement destroy agricultural resources and pollute a water well on a Palestinian-owned land in Shufah, Tulkarm, West Bank. Settlers also destroy fig, grape, and olive trees.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE32727" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers stealing water from a canal assault Irrigation Department Team in Hansi City, Haryana, India", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.1022999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "lng": 75.962500000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Farmers assault an Irrigation Department Team at Mujadpur village in Hansi City, Hisar, Haryana, India, when the team discovers that the farmers are stealing water from the canal and try to stop them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. IND129213" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over water rotation and access injures one person in Sindh, Pakistan", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.362100000000001642774805077351629734039306640625, "lng": 69.73390000000000554791768081486225128173828125, "description": "A clash takes place between two groups of the Chachar community, injuring one person in Muhammad Hashim Chhachhar village, Sindh, Pakistan, over the rotation of water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK82630" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers, attack homes in Kifil Haris, West Bank, disrupting water supply; clashes injure one, arrest made", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.11829999999999785131876706145703792572021484375, "lng": 35.1572000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "Israeli settlers, protected by Israeli forces, attack Palestinian homes and properties in Kifil Haris, Salfit, West Bank, causing property damage and disrupting the water supply. Palestinian residents retaliate with stone-throwing, and Israeli forces respond with stun grenades and tear gas, injuring a woman. A Palestinian is also arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE33013" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Taizz, Yemen, protest against military over a water well controversy, resulting in four injuries from an armed atta", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.390299999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "lng": 43.96829999999999927240423858165740966796875, "description": "Residents protest in Al Nashmah, Al Maafer, Taizz, Yemen, against former military police for digging water wells near drinking water sources. Armed men fire at protesters, injuring four.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM80081" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ongoing major armed clashes in Sudan damages water plant and other water infrastructure and kills more than 220 people", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.6364999999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "lng": 32.5302999999999968849806464277207851409912109375, "description": "Armed clashes between Sudan Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces with heavy and medium artillery and anti-aircraft shells in Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan, damages the Bahri water plant and other water infrastructure. At least 220 people, including civilians and soldiers, are killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SUD19739, SUD19712", "Human Rights Watch 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In Myanmar, military claims Kachin Independence Army and People's Defence Force destroyed vehicles, water tanks, and windows", "date": "2023", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 23.476600000000001244870873051695525646209716796875, "lng": 96.6008000000000066620486904866993427276611328125, "description": "In Mabein township, Mongmit district, Myanmar, the military alleges that the combined force of the Kachin Independence Army and local People's Defence Force destroy building windows, a motorcycle, a fire truck, a water truck, doors, and water tanks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. MMR47316" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ede minority protest in Cu Kuin, Vietnam over contaminated water; police response leaves seven injured, twelve arrested", "date": "2023", "country": "Vietnam", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.57130000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "lng": 108.200999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "description": "Ede ethnic minority citizens stage a protest in Ea Bhok, Cu Kuin, Vietnam, against failures of the water-sewage system, alleging contamination of natural water sources in Dak Lak's Cu Kuin district. Police beat the protesters, resulting in at least seven injuries, and twelve protesters are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. VNM581" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces clash with Palestinian protesters in Qarawat Bani Hassan, Salfit, West Bank, during a raid to seize a water tank ", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.1280000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 35.09899999999999664623828721232712268829345703125, "description": "Israeli forces clash with Palestinian protesters in Qarawat Bani Hassan, Salfit, West Bank, during a raid to seize a water tank vehicle. Rubber-coated bullets and tear gas canisters are used by the Israeli forces. Three protesters sustain bullet injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE33112" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Dominican Republic hold a demonstration demanding water supply, higher wages, and a reduction in the cost of living", "date": "2023", "country": "Dominican Republic", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.300999999999998379962562466971576213836669921875, "lng": -70.252600000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "description": "Residents in San Francisco de Macoris, Duarte, Dominican Republic, demand water supply, higher wages, and lower living costs in a demonstration with burning tires and road blockades. Police intervene with firearms, injuring one protester. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. DOM476" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers in Bethlehem, West Bank, destroy water-supply network and vandalize crops in Husan village", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.7092999999999989313437254168093204498291015625, "lng": 35.1347999999999984765963745303452014923095703125, "description": "Israeli settlers in Husan village, Bethlehem, West Bank, destroy a water-supply network belonging to Palestinian farmers and uproot trees and vandalize crops.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE33157" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local resident fatally shoots Houthi supervisor in Al Arim village over ownership of a disputed water well", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.1885999999999992127186487778089940547943115234375, "lng": 43.87230000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "A local resident shoots and kills a Houthi supervisor in Al Arim village in Uzlat Bani Mahalhal region, Sanaa, Yemen, after repeated attempts to seize a water well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM80197" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An unidentified drone attacks a water tower in Vyazovoye, Russia ", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.788600000000002410160959698259830474853515625, "lng": 35.49799999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "description": "An unidentified drone attacks a water tower in Vyazovoye, Russia. No casualties occur.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. RUS9799" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents clash in Sullana, Peru, over access to water amid prolonged service disruption", "date": "2023", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -4.90390000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "lng": -80.6852999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "Residents in Sullana, Piura, Peru, clash outside the EPS Grau water company facilities trying to access potable water due to prolonged service disruption.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PER8133" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed bandits attack Olng'arua primary school in Isiolo, Kenya, setting fires, vandalizing property, and stealing a water pump", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 0.38000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125, "lng": 37.4472999999999984765963745303452014923095703125, "description": "Armed bandits from neighboring villages attack Olng'arua primary school in Leparua, Isiolo, Kenya, setting vehicles on fire, vandalizing classes and a residential building, and damaging water tanks and a biogas digester. They also steal a motorcycle and a water pump.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. KEN11518" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al-Qaeda militants in Abyan target military vehicles with IEDs, including a water truck, in Imbaqirah, Mudiyah", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.998400000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 46.2779000000000024783730623312294483184814453125, "description": "Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula militants target military vehicles of 'mercenaries' in Imbaqirah, Mudiyah, Abyan, with three improvised explosive devices, including a water truck.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM80258" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Darfur militia burns 17 villages, seizes water sources, and displaces civilians in Bielel, South Darfur, Sudan", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.992599999999999482724888366647064685821533203125, "lng": 25.03600000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "description": "Militants, identified as the Darfur communal militia, burn 17 villages in Bielel, South Darfur, Sudan, and seize the local water resource. Civilians are displaced from these 17 villages and an additional 12 neighboring villages to refugee camps.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SUD19973" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over water supply in South Africa, leads to shootings and injuries", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -27.411100000000001131184035330079495906829833984375, "lng": 29.8736999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "description": "A group of protestors demanding water supply clash with local authorities in Charlestown, Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Three people are shot and hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. SAF19005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf activists clash with police during demonstrations in Karachi, Pakistan, setting fire to water tankers", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.8813999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "lng": 67.161100000000004683897714130580425262451171875, "description": "During demonstrations in Karachi - Shah Faisal, Pakistan, a large number of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf activists throw stones at police personnel and set fire to two water tankers. Police respond with batons and tear gas shells to disperse the demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PAK83460" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Kherson region, inflicting damage on civilian infrastructure, water pipelines, and industrial facilities", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.65579999999999927240423858165740966796875, "lng": 32.6178000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "Russian forces shell Kherson region, damaging civilian infrastructure, water pipelines, and an industrial enterprise in 10 separate attacks. One civilian is killed and one is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. UKR102722" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces damage and destroy several water systems in an agricultural area in the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.946600000000000108002495835535228252410888671875, "lng": 35.3027000000000015234036254696547985076904296875, "description": "In a week-long series of attacks in May 2023, Israeli military forces damage and destroy water pipes, water tanks, water-distribution systems, and wells along with many crops and other agricultural equipment at multiple locations in the West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. PSE33608, PSE33586, PSE33585, PSE33643, PSE33891, PSE33912, PSE33262" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants in Burkina Faso attack a village causing multiple fatalities and destroying a water tower at medical center", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.503299999999999414512785733677446842193603515625, "lng": 0.05759999999999999842348330503227771259844303131103515625, "description": "Militants from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin attack volunteer fighters and civilians in Bilguim-Doure village near Ouargaye, Burkina Faso resulting in multiple fatalities and the destruction of a water tower at a medical center.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. BFO9798" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents resist Houthi forces seizing dam for military use; 72 civilians, including 15 children, abducted, villages blockaded", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.7628000000000003666400516522116959095001220703125, "lng": 44.4346000000000032059688237495720386505126953125, "description": "Local residents attempt to resist Houthi forces who are trying to seize a nearby dam to divert water to their military sites. In response, the Houthi forces abduct 72 civilians, including 15 children, and impose a blockade on villages in Shib al Maahirah, Jabal al Mukaydam, and Al Kharabah.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM80513" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia destroys the dam of the Karliv reservoir in Donetsk region of Ukraine", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.114699999999999135980033315718173980712890625, "lng": 37.48870000000000146656020660884678363800048828125, "description": "Russia destroys the Karlivka dam of the Karlov reservoir in Donetsk region of Ukraine, northwest of Pervomaisky, May 25, 2023.", "sources": [ "Top War 2023", "Kesaieva and Hallam 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One death and one injury reported in water dispute in Sabih village, Yemen", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.8668999999999993377741702715866267681121826171875, "lng": 44.37870000000000203499439521692693233489990234375, "description": "A dispute over a natural water pool that is filled with rainwater leads to one man shooting and killing another man and injuring his brother in Sabih village in Al Hada district, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID. YEM80536" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Multiple clashes on the Iran-Afghanistan border over water rights and access; deaths, injuries reported", "date": "2023", "country": "Afghanistan, Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.10849999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 61.8059999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "description": "In late May 2023, violent encounters between Iranian and Afghan forces along the border occur related to a water rights dispute on the Helmand River leading to multiple deaths and injuries. In Sasuli, Sistan, and Baluchestan, Taliban forces enter Iranian territory and seize military equipment. Fighting leaves two Iranian police officers and one Taliban militant dead and several other civilians injured. In Makaki village, Kang district, Nimruz, several Taliban fighters, Iranian military, and civilians are killed, and many others are wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.IRN23337, AFG66609", "Gambrell 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two civilians are injured in groundwater pumping dispute in Iraq", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.409099999999998686917024315334856510162353515625, "lng": 46.17269999999999896544977673329412937164306640625, "description": "An intra-tribal clash over groundwater injures two women in the Shatra district, Thi Qar, Iraq.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.IRQ46662" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Explosive device hits civilians at a water pump in Tin Rhassane, Burkina Faso, killing 21, likely targeting IS Sahel militants", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 14.9849999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "lng": -0.2260000000000000064392935428259079344570636749267578125, "description": "Civilians who regularly fetch water from a water pump in the village of Tin Rhassane, Tin-Akoff, Burkina Faso, are hit by an explosive device, likely targeting IS Sahel militants who regularly come to refuel at this fountain, resulting in the death of 21 men, women, and children.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.BFO9972" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Uhroyidy in the Sumy region, Ukraine, damaging a water tower", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.86290000000000333102434524334967136383056640625, "lng": 35.278199999999998226485331542789936065673828125, "description": "Shelling by Russian forces in Uhroyidy in the Sumy region, Ukraine, damages a water tower and other civilian structures. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.UKR105624" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on water systems in Western Oromia, Ethiopia", "date": "2023", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 9.2627900000000007452172212651930749416351318359375, "lng": 35.317599999999998772182152606546878814697265625, "description": "In Western Oromia, Ethiopia, an attack and looting in June 2023 damages health posts, a hospital, and other facilities, including a water reservoir, causing a water-supply shortage.", "sources": [ "Addis Standard 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local terrorist attack on hydroelectric facilities in the United States", "date": "2023", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 44.88510000000000133013600134290754795074462890625, "lng": -116.8719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "A man in Idaho, United States is charged with two counts of destruction of an energy facility after federal prosecutors said he shot a rifle at Hells Canyon Dam and Brownlee Dam electrical systems on the Snake River, damaging both. The dams produce, transmit, store and distribute electricity to Washington, Idaho, and Oregon and the shooting caused over $100,000 in damage.", "sources": [ "Associated Press (AP) 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers vandalize water supply networks in Palestinian Village", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.03540000000000276259015663526952266693115234375, "lng": 35.2856000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "description": "Israeli settlers vandalize water-supply networks and steal property belonging to Palestinian farmers in the Al Sahel area of Turmus Ayya village in the West Bank (June 3).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE34183" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers vandalize water supply networks of Palestinian farmers in the Al Sahel area of the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.03540000000000276259015663526952266693115234375, "lng": 35.2856000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "description": "A group of Israeli settlers vandalizes water supply networks belonging to Palestinian farmers in the Al Sahel area of Turmus Ayya village, Ramallah and Al Bireh, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.PSE34183" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Prison inmates clash over water in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.254599999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 77.4027999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "description": "Prison inmates clash over water in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, resulting in two inmates being injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND132849" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers at a water station in Sudan are abducted resulting in a water shortage", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.5068999999999999062083588796667754650115966796875, "lng": 32.64370000000000260342858382500708103179931640625, "description": "A group called Rapid Support Forces abducts water station workers from Soba Water Station in Khartoum - Soba West, Sudan, resulting in a water shortage.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al 2010 ID.SUD20473" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Kharkiv, damaging water pipe", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9808000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "lng": 36.25269999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "Russian forces shell Kharkiv on June 5, damaging water pipe and buildings.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR106626" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces shell Kharkiv, damaging infrastructure and a water pipe", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.9808000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "lng": 36.25269999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "Russian forces again shell Kharkiv, damaging residential buildings, a gas station, water pipe, and cars, with no reported casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR106763" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The massive Kakhovka Dam on the Dnipro River is destroyed, causing massive upstream and downstream consequences", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 46.780900000000002592059900052845478057861328125, "lng": 33.3669000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "The massive Kakhovka Dam on the Dnipro River is destroyed on June 6, 2023, presumably by Russian occupying forces, causing massive flooding, more than 50 deaths, and ecological devastation downstream, and cutting off water supply for cities, power plants, and irrigation systems.", "sources": [ "New York Times, The 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dozens hospitalized after consuming poisoned water in Farah religious school", "date": "2023", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.30409999999999826059138285927474498748779296875, "lng": 61.6178000000000025693225325085222721099853515625, "description": "Nearly 40 female students from a religious school in the Naw Abad area of Qala-i-kah district, Farah, are hospitalized after consuming water contaminated with poison, with the reason and perpetrators of the incident remaining unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. AFG66658" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers seize water well in Mosafer Yuta, Hebron, and prevent Palestinian access", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers seize a water well in Mosafer Yuta, east of Yuta in Hebron, West Bank in early June, preventing Palestinian shepherds from reaching it. Settlers also destroy Palestinian-owned crops.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE34165" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Baloch separatists set machinery on fire and abduct workers laying down a water pipeline in Pakistan", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.026599999999998402699930011294782161712646484375, "lng": 66.5935999999999950205165077932178974151611328125, "description": "On 7 June 2023, Baloch separatists set fire to machinery and abduct five workers laying a water pipeline for a private company in Gaza area of Kalat district, Balochistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK134663" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community in Santa Cruz Pueblo Nuevo blocks highway demanding water solutions to water shortages", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.09909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": -99.6563000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "In Santa Cruz Pueblo Nuevo, Mexico, residents block the Tenango-Ixtapan de la Sal highway, protesting water shortages caused by alleged theft by a group from San Pedro Tlanixco, prompting state police intervention with tear gas.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX75167" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police repress LUCHA protest over water connection fees in Tshikapa, Kasai", "date": "2023", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -6.416199999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "lng": 20.800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "description": "Police in Tshikapa, Kasai, repress a LUCHA protest, beat and arrest protesters demanding a reduction in the water connection fee, which increased from 220 to 320 USD.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. DRC29826" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish a water well in Hizma Village, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.833400000000001028865881380625069141387939453125, "lng": 35.2631999999999976580511429347097873687744140625, "description": "Israeli military forces raze a road and demolish a water well in Hizma village, Al Quds, West Bank, claiming they were constructed in areas controlled by Israel.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE34280" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Reports that Russia destroys a dam on the Mokri Yali River", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 47.664299999999997226041159592568874359130859375, "lng": 36.88600000000000278532752417959272861480712890625, "description": "A dam on the Mokri Yaly River is blown up by Russian forces in mid-June 2023, causing flooding on both banks. Reports are the dam was destroyed to slow down Ukraine’s counteroffensive.", "sources": [ "Borger and Sabbagh 2023", "Brennan 2023", "BBC News 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian missile strike hits bottled water warehouse, killing seven civilians", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.909300000000001773514668457210063934326171875, "lng": 33.39330000000000353566065314225852489471435546875, "description": "Russian forces fire cruise missiles at Kryvyi Rih, Dnipropetrovsk, hitting a bottled water warehouse and killing seven civilians. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR107579" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Workers protest Arazati drinking water plant project in Montevideo", "date": "2023", "country": "Uruguay", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -34.9044999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": -56.18889999999999673718775738961994647979736328125, "description": "Unionized workers at the State Sanitary Works (OSE) company in Montevideo demonstrate against the Arazati drinking water plant project, alleging it doesn't ensure water supply, is unconstitutional, and privatizes the water service. Demonstrators clash with police, vandalize the OSE building, and throw smoke bombs.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. URU391" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An environmental activist and defender of water and agroecology is fatally attacked in Mexico", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.2058999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "lng": -98.8025999999999982037479639984667301177978515625, "description": "An environmental activist and researcher defending water and agroecology, Alvaro Arvizu Aguiniga, is attacked with an axe at the Center for Sustainability of the Sierra Nevada Incalli Ixcahuicopa (CENTLI) in Tlalmanalco de Velazquez, Mexico, and dies. Assailants also intimidate his wife and collaborators, beating and tying them up. Aquiniga has advocated for a new General Water Law for over a decade.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX75608", "Scholars at Risk Network 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "AQAP militants target water tanker with IED in Mudiyah district, Abyan", "date": "2023", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.928399999999999891997504164464771747589111328125, "lng": 46.08250000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "description": "Al Qaeda in the Arab Peninsula (AQAP) militants target a water tanker belonging to Southern Transitional Council (STC) 13th Saiqa Brigade forces in Mudiyah district, Abyan, with an IED, injuring one STC fighter and damaging the truck.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM80890" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 50 people are injured in a clash about the control and management of water and flooding in Sylhet, Bangladesh", "date": "2023", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.8990000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "lng": 91.8719999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "On 14 June, locals from several villages burn tires and stage a demonstration against flooding in the area of Sylhet Sadar upazila (Sylhet), Bangladesh. They clash with locals from another village using indigenous weapons, when the latter opposed the decision to cut a raw canal on the side of the road to allow temporary water drainage. At least 50 people are injured, including police personnel, during the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD24696" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators in Johannesburg block roads and loot trucks, demanding water and sanitation", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.2436000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "lng": 27.950500000000001676880856393836438655853271484375, "description": "Demonstrators in Johannesburg, Diepkloof, barricade roads with burning tires and loot trucks, demanding water and sanitation, prompting police to fire rubber bullets to disperse the crowd.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PER8287" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF militants loot generator from water well station in Omdurman", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.6346000000000007190692485892213881015777587890625, "lng": 32.4645000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "RSF militants loot an electricity generator from the Jaden al-Takamol water well station in Omdurman, Khartoum, and fire shots in the air to disperse residents confronting the looting. No injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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IRN23814" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers assault Palestinian shepherds and block water access in Mosafer Yuta", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers, protected by soldiers, assault Palestinian shepherds in Tuba, Mosafer Yuta, and set up a tent near a water well to prevent Palestinians from using the water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE35372" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A political clash turns violent in India over the failure to complete an irrigation project in Andhra Pradesh", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.365899999999999891997504164464771747589111328125, "lng": 78.5750000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "On August 4, members of the YRS Congress Party and the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) clash in Beemaganipalle village on the outskirts of Punganur town, Andhra Pradesh, India in protests over unfinished irrigation projects. Police resort to lathi-charge and teargas to disperse the mobs. Police vehicles are set on fire and several TDP members and officials are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND137690" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kurdish militia (QSD) members prevent water tanks from entering Al Tirwaziya village, Syria", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.4440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "lng": 39.59740000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "description": "Kurdish militia (QSD) members prevent water tanks from entering Al Tirwaziya village in ar Raqqa province, Syria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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LBN15058" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Villagers protest in Gaobeidian, China over flood response, clash with police, with at least one injury reported", "date": "2023", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.32650000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 115.873999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "description": "Villagers in Gaobeidian city (Hebei, China) protest outside the local government's office over the flood response. Police beat one resident and arrest at least one demonstrator. The protests follow typhoon-induced floods that destroyed homes and killed at least 29. Villagers are angry at the media's downplaying of the disaster and the central government's discharge of excess water into their village, demanding adequate compensation.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CHN13610" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water supply network in Khallet al-Homur, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.610800000000001119815351557917892932891845703125, "lng": 35.22449999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "description": "Israeli settlers from Maale Amos destroy a water supply network in Khallet al-Homur, near Bethlehem, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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IND139229" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water networks in the West Bank village of Khirbat Tana", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.15259999999999962483343551866710186004638671875, "lng": 35.39569999999999794226823723874986171722412109375, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy two kilometers of water networks in Khirbat Tana village, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SAF19723" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Vandalism of Aguas del Altiplano pipe causes water cut for 7,000 in Iquique, Chile", "date": "2023", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -20.213300000000000267164068645797669887542724609375, "lng": -70.1503000000000014324541552923619747161865234375, "description": "Unidentified individuals vandalize an Aguas del Altiplano pipe in the Tadeo Haenke area of Iquique, Tarapaca, Chile cutting water to over 7,000 people for several hours.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CHI10792" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental activists vandalize Beaumont-Saint-Cyr golf course and irrigation systems over water use during drought", "date": "2023", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 46.74479999999999790816218592226505279541015625, "lng": 0.375300000000000022470914018413168378174304962158203125, "description": "During a lunch break of the SLT-organized 'Water Convoy' bicycle parade in France, 15 to 40 masked environmental activists cut through a fence and vandalize the Beaumont-Saint-Cyr golf course near Jaunay-Marigny, Nouvelle-Aquitaine. They tear up the lawn, damage the irrigation system, and paint slogans and the SLT logo, protesting water use for golf courses during droughts.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. FRA27309" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban militants kill water suppliers to security check posts in North Waziristan, Pakistan", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.975200000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "lng": 69.984600000000000363797880709171295166015625, "description": "On August 21, Taliban Pakistan (TTP) assailants shoot dead two water suppliers at security check posts in Hamzoni village, North Waziristan, Pakistan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK134773" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian airstrikes in Idleb, Syria, target HTS positions and water station, killing two", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.92049999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "lng": 36.52559999999999718056642450392246246337890625, "description": "On 22 August, Russian warplanes target Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) militants and an old water station used by displaced families near Array village in Idleb countryside, Syria, killing two and injuring three others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR116170" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Supporters clash in Kerugoya, Kenya over county water project vandalism", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -0.49890000000000001012523398458142764866352081298828125, "lng": 37.2802999999999968849806464277207851409912109375, "description": "On August 22, supporters of the Kirinyaga governor clash with supporters of the Kirinyaga women's representative and a Baragwi member of the county assembly (MCA) in Kerugoya, Kenya, pelting stones as the representative goes to answer police summons over county water project vandalism, resulting in injuries to the representative, the MCA, and several supporters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN12365" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Villagers in Bazhou, China, clash with police over flood response and compensation", "date": "2023", "country": "China", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.12570000000000192130755749531090259552001953125, "lng": 116.39199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "On 22 August, villagers in Bazhou city (Langfang, Hebei, China) break windows and barge into a government office after learning that police beat women from their village who were protesting on August 8, prompting police to attack the demonstrators, hospitalizing two and causing injuries to others. The demonstration with around 3,000 participants protested government responses to typhoon-induced floods that destroyed homes, killed at least 29, and were worsened by the discharge of excess water from Beijing and Xiongan, with villagers demanding adequate government compensation.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CHN13600", "CHN13651" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pastoralists and Douar Azaghar residents clash over water access in Toumliline, Morocco", "date": "2023", "country": "Morocco", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.358399999999999607780409860424697399139404296875, "lng": -9.7078000000000006508571459562517702579498291015625, "description": "Pastoralists and Douar Azaghar residents clash in Toumliline, Sidi Ifni, Guelmim-Oued Noun, resulting in two injuries after locals prevent access to water tanks in late August.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MOR7777" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pro-Kannada activists protest water release at KRS Dam in Karnataka, India", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.422599999999999198507794062606990337371826171875, "lng": 76.6842999999999932470018393360078334808349609375, "description": "Over 100 pro-Kannada activists from Bengaluru protest and attempt to lay siege to the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam reservoir in Srirangapatna, Mandya, Karnataka, India (August 26), against the state government's decision to release Cauvery river water to Tamil Nadu. Police use force to stop protesters from pushing through barricades and detain them.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND139196" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "JNIM militants destroy water dam with explosives in Boni, Mali", "date": "2023", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.0765999999999991132426657713949680328369140625, "lng": -2.21980000000000021742607714259065687656402587890625, "description": "On 28 August, JNIM militants set off explosives to destroy a water dam in Boni, Douentza, Mopti, Mali.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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HND8846" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Iraqi army damages Kurdish irrigation pipes and supplies and orders villagers not to cultivate crops in a repeat of an event", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 35.7256000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "lng": 44.0048000000000030240698833949863910675048828125, "description": "In a repeat of an incident from June 2023, the Iraqi army raids Balkanah village in Kirkuk damaging irrigation supplies and pipes in August. The army detains two workers and their guards and the Iraqi commander in charge instructs villagers not to cultivate their crops.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ48350" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Groups clash over water tank construction in Khempur, India, resulting in one death", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.937599999999999766941982670687139034271240234375, "lng": 79.0498999999999938381733954884111881256103515625, "description": "Around 30 August, two groups led by a Pradhan and a former Pradhan clash with stones and gunfire in Khempur village, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India, over cutting trees to construct a water tank, resulting in one death and six injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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AZE18586" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Kenya security forces conduct airstrike in Saakow, Somalia, injuring two civilians and destroying water facility", "date": "2023", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.6393999999999999683808482586755417287349700927734375, "lng": 42.45219999999999771489456179551780223846435546875, "description": "On September 3, Kenya security forces conduct an airstrike in Saakow, Middle Juba, injuring two civilians and destroying a water company facility and buildings.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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BOL4869" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dominican Republic partially closes Haiti border to halt canal construction on shared Massacre River; military deployed", "date": "2023", "country": "Dominican Republic, Haiti", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.548799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": -71.7082999999999941564965411089360713958740234375, "description": "On 6 September 2023, in Dajabon, the Dominican government announces the partial closure of the border with Haiti in order to pressure Haiti to stop construction of a canal to take water from the Massacre River, shared by both countries. Soldiers, machinery, and armored vehicles are deployed in the area and borders are temporarily closed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. DOM533" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dominican Republic closes border with Haiti to pressure halt on canal construction", "date": "2023", "country": "Dominican Republic, Haiti", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.548799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": -71.7082999999999941564965411089360713958740234375, "description": "On September 15, all borders between Haiti and Dominican Republic are closed, and military are deployed, to pressure Haiti to stop canal construction on the Massacre River, with visa suspensions and entry refusals for labeled provocateurs.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. DOM533" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed group sabotages sewage network in Al Khums, Libya, causing contamination", "date": "2023", "country": "Libya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.6486000000000018417267710901796817779541015625, "lng": 14.261900000000000687805368215776979923248291015625, "description": "An unidentified armed group sabotages a sewage network in Al Khums, Al Marqab, Libya, resulting in a water leak and area contamination in early September.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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IND141112", "IND141193", "IND140082" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces seize wastewater pumping truck in Nablus, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3018000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": 35.192599999999998772182152606546878814697265625, "description": "On September 10, Israeli forces seize a wastewater pumping truck in Burqah, Nablus, West Bank, citing the reason of it operating in Area C -- an area under Israeli control.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE36058" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Boko Haram militants clash with gendarmerie forces and overturn a water tower in Extreme-Nord, Cameroon", "date": "2023", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 10.998400000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 13.9414999999999995594635038287378847599029541015625, "description": "On September 11, Boko Haram militants, JAS faction, clash with gendarmerie forces at the military outpost in Nguetchewe, Extreme-Nord, Cameroon, resulting in three deaths. The militants overturn a water tower during the conflict.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CAO7792" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous women block National Route 86 in Tartagal, Salta, demanding water supply restoration", "date": "2023", "country": "Argentina", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -22.51950000000000073896444519050419330596923828125, "lng": -63.79820000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "description": "Indigenous women and children from the Wichi, Guarani, and Toba communities block National Route 86 in Tartagal, Salta, Argentina (September 11), demanding the restoration of their water supply. Protestors are attacked by an unidentified group at night.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. ARG14014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab detonates IED at water borehole in Ceel Qoxle village, Galgaduud, Somalia", "date": "2023", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 4.8497000000000003439026841078884899616241455078125, "lng": 46.52150000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "description": "On September 13, Al Shabaab detonates an IED at a water source borehole in Ceel Qoxle village, Ceel Buur, Galgaduud, Somalia, destroying a water truck. The same day Al Shabaab detonates an IED at a water source borehole and destroys houses and water wells in Ceel Garas village, Dhuusamarreeb, Galgaduud, Somalia, targeting civilians from the Habar Gedir clan. The militants claim the US destroyed the water wells.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SOM42259", "SOM42258" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents protest water price hike by taking over El Ceibal purification plant in Rocafuerte, Manabi, Ecuador", "date": "2023", "country": "Ecuador", "conflictType": "Trigger, Casualty, Weapon", "lat": -0.923599999999999976552089719916693866252899169921875, "lng": -80.44950000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "On September 13, residents in Rocafuerte, Manabi, Ecuador, take over the El Ceibal water purification plant to protest a proposed water price hike, causing nearly 400,000 Manabi residents to lose drinking water service until pumping could resume.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. ECU3336" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian forces shell Gordeevka, Kursk, damaging power lines and water main", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.2077000000000026602720026858150959014892578125, "lng": 34.875100000000003319655661471188068389892578125, "description": "Ukrainian forces shell Gordeevka, Kursk, September 14, damaging power lines and a water main.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS11545" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian drone strike damages water tower in Dolgoe, Belgorod, Russia", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.0876999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "lng": 37.90650000000000119371179607696831226348876953125, "description": "Ukrainian forces use a drone to strike the village of Dolgoe, Valuyki I Valuyskiy, Belgorod, Russia, damaging a water tower on September 16.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS11697" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military fires warning shots at Palestinian wastewater vehicle in Gaza Strip", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.350200000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "lng": 34.30810000000000314912540488876402378082275390625, "description": "On September 16, Israeli military forces on the security fence fire warning shots at a Palestinian wastewater vehicle east of Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip, to keep Palestinians away, with no reported casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE36209" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators barricade roads in Tsakane, South Africa, protesting water shortage", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.356300000000000949285094975493848323822021484375, "lng": 28.38210000000000121644916362129151821136474609375, "description": "On September 18, hundreds of demonstrators in Tsakane, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa, barricade roads with burning tires and rocks to protest a water shortage, stoning and damaging a Home Affairs office and police vehicles.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF19805" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Guinea clash with law enforcement over demands for 24-hour electricity and water supplies, resulting in injuries", "date": "2023", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.18130000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": -14.0381000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Residents in Boffa, Boffa-Centre, Boffa, Boke, Guinea, block a road with trunks and stones and clash with law enforcement, demanding 24-hour electricity and water supplies while denouncing corruption among the elite and mining companies; three demonstrators are injured by live ammunition fired by special forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GUI2612" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF cuts off water and electricity supply in Ombada, Khartoum, Sudan", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 15.6477000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "lng": 32.38730000000000330828697769902646541595458984375, "description": "The Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group in Sudan, is accused of cutting off the water and electricity supply in Ombada, Um Bada, Khartoum, Sudan, September 18.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD22577" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Naranjos, Veracruz, Mexico, block highway to demand water", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.346900000000001540456651127897202968597412109375, "lng": -97.6863000000000027966962079517543315887451171875, "description": "On September 19, around Naranjos, Veracruz, Mexico, more than 300 residents protest for the second day, demanding water and blocking the Tuxpan-Tampico highway near Buena Vista. State police intervene, forcibly evicting residents with pushes, insults, and tear gas. Protesters also report warning shots being fired.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX79351" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Yurimaguas, Peru, demand potable water outside the provincial government building and clash with police", "date": "2023", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.896300000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": -76.111299999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "On September 19, in Yurimaguas, Alto Amazonas, Peru, residents and members of the local Highway Defense Front gather at the provincial government building to demand potable water. Conflicting reports suggest possible clashes between rioters and police and the use of tear gas.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PER8760" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Syrian military shells the Jeb ad Dam near Aleppo", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.66199999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "lng": 37.6798000000000001818989403545856475830078125, "description": "Syrian military shells the Jeb ad Dam in rural western Aleppo with artillery.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR118229" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three fishers disrupt desalination plant construction in Valparaiso, injuring one worker", "date": "2023", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -32.72579999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "lng": -71.41509999999999536157702095806598663330078125, "description": "Three fishers disrupt construction of Aconcagua desalination plant between Puchuncavi and Quintero communes in Valparaiso, throwing stones at machinery. This follows eviction of Bahia Narau Quintero-Puchuncavi Fishermen's Federation members on August 3, who block access to area for 86 days over environmental concerns. One worker sustains injury; no fatalities occur.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CHI11036" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man poisons drinking water supplies for soldiers in Barnaul, Altai, Russia", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 53.36059999999999803321770741604268550872802734375, "lng": 83.763599999999996725819073617458343505859375, "description": "Around 20 September 2023, a man in Barnaul, Altai, Russia, poisons the drinking water supplies intended for conscripted soldiers. The Federal Security Services allege that he does this to prove his desire to help Ukrainian war efforts.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS11797" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Missile attack damages water supply in Kharkiv, Ukraine, cutting water to hospital and homes; 2 injured", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.87899999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "lng": 36.39399999999999835154085303656756877899169921875, "description": "A water-supply system in Kharkiv, Ukraine is damaged in an enemy missile attack, cutting water to a hospital and private homes, injuring two, in late September.", "sources": [ "Ukrinform 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Ciudad de Mexico protest outside National Palace over killings and water access denial", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.43130000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": -99.15309999999999490682967007160186767578125, "description": "On September 21, residents of Xacaxomulco in Ciudad de Mexico - Cuauhtemoc protest outside the National Palace to demand justice for the killing of two men by local leaders. Protesters claim that these leaders have denied them access to water unless they participate in political campaign events.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX79320" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers pump wastewater on Palestinian agricultural lands, damaging olive trees and crops", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.1749999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "lng": 35.05749999999999744204615126363933086395263671875, "description": "Israeli settlers from Shaarei Tikva pump wastewater onto Palestinian agricultural lands east of Qalqilya, near Atmat Bayt Imrin and Azzun village (September 24), causing damage to olive trees and crops.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE36357" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes in Al Quds, West Bank: Palestinian rioters throw Molotov cocktails, Israeli police respond with tear gas and wastewater ", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.803100000000000591171556152403354644775390625, "lng": 35.28699999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "description": "On September 25, Palestinian rioters throw Molotov cocktails and clash with Israeli police who raided Al Quds - Isawiya, Al Quds, West Bank, Palestine. Police fire stun grenades, tear gas, and spray wastewater at the rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE36384" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents block road in San Antonio, Valparaiso, Chile, demanding municipal drinking water", "date": "2023", "country": "Chile", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -33.5947000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "lng": -71.6075000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "On September 25, in San Antonio, Valparaiso, Chile, residents from the Maranata neighborhood block Road G-82 to demand drinking water deliveries from the municipality. This follows a halt in deliveries after drivers were attacked and injured on September 5th. Demonstrations continue at least until September 28th.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CHI10940" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling in Idleb Province, Syria, injures civilians and damages water truck", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.814300000000002910383045673370361328125, "lng": 36.3205999999999988858689903281629085540771484375, "description": "Syrian regime members shell residential neighborhoods and a market in Jisr-Ash-Shugur city, Idleb province, Syria, injuring seven to ten civilians, including two children and two women, and causing material damage, including to a water truck. No fatalities are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR118476" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian forces shell Novaya Tavolzhanka, Belgorod, Russia, damaging water tower and electricity supply lines", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.35000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "lng": 36.82979999999999876081346883438527584075927734375, "description": "Ukrainian forces shell Novaya Tavolzhanka, Shebekinskiy, Belgorod, Russia (September 26), with seven artillery rounds, damaging electricity supply lines, a water tower, and a house. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS11974" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protests erupt in Bengaluru, India, against release of Cauvery River water to Tamil Nadu; one farmer attempts suicide", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.9718999999999997640998117276467382907867431640625, "lng": 77.5935999999999950205165077932178974151611328125, "description": "On September 26, pro-Kannada activists, Kannada Rakshana Vedike members, and farmers protest in Bengaluru, Bengaluru Urban, Karnataka, India, against the state government's decision to release Cauvery river water to Tamil Nadu. One farmer attempts suicide at Freedom Park, and police detain the protesters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND141501" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces demolish foundations of Palestinian water pond in Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.689099999999999823785401531495153903961181640625, "lng": 35.18610000000000326281224261038005352020263671875, "description": "On September 27, Israeli military forces demolish the foundations of a Palestinian-owned water pond in Artas village, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine, claiming it lacks a building permit.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE36425" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified armed individuals attack water tanks in Bzal, Akkar, Lebanon, over clan feuds", "date": "2023", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.47189999999999798774297232739627361297607421875, "lng": 36.043599999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "description": "Unidentified armed individuals attack a house and vehicle with grenades and fire at water tanks and solar panels in Bzal, Akkar, Lebanon, likely due to old clan feuds (September 27). One grenade explodes causing material damage, but there are no casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN15120" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipe dispute escalates to armed clash in Nassriya, Iraq, resulting in one fatality", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.05799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": 46.2573000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "description": "On September 27, a dispute over a water pipe escalates into an armed clash between cousins in Nassriya city, Iraq, resulting in the death of a Thi Qar Oil Company employee. Police arrest one person involved in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ48844" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military forces destroy Palestinian water supply network in Hebron, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.40670000000000072759576141834259033203125, "lng": 35.102699999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "description": "On September 28, Israeli military forces destroy a Palestinian water supply network between Samu and Khirbat Susiyah village in Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE36449" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian forces shell village in Kursk, Russia, damaging water tower and infrastructure", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.18379999999999796500560478307306766510009765625, "lng": 35.179900000000003501554601825773715972900390625, "description": "On 29 September 2023, Ukrainian forces shell the village of Gogolevka, Sudzhanskiy, Kursk, Russia, causing damage to houses, a former school, a maternity ward, electricity lines, and a water tower. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS12016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Flood-stricken citizens of Volos, Greece, protest waterway damming, mayor confronts protesters", "date": "2023", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 39.37299999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "lng": 22.942699999999998539124135277234017848968505859375, "description": "On 30 September 2023, flood-stricken citizens in Volos, Greece, protest in Ali Meria against damming a waterway without required studies. The mayor confronts protesters and hits one who insults him, while police do not intervene.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GRC4593" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel threatens full water cutoff to Gaza; water supply halts on October 30 amid blockade on electricity, food, and fuel", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "On October 9 2023, Israel threatens a complete cutoff of water to Gaza. Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant says that “no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel” would be allowed into Gaza. Water supply from Israel to southern Gaza comes to a halt on 30 October and for some time no water is provided to Gaza from Israel.", "sources": [ "Kershner et al. 2023", "UN OCHA 2023b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "FAMa and Wagner forces in Mali kill civilians and destroy water towers and blow up wells in the village of Ersane", "date": "2023", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.790800000000000835598257253877818584442138671875, "lng": 0.026700000000000001509903313490212894976139068603515625, "description": "Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) and Wagner forces in Mali kill 17 Tuareg civilians including elderly men and children in the village of Ersane (Bourem, Gao). They also destroy water towers and blow up wells in the village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI30979" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Groups clash over watering fields in Bannu, Pakistan, resulting in one death and three injuries", "date": "2023", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.9029000000000024783730623312294483184814453125, "lng": 70.6354999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "description": "On 5 October 2023, two groups exchange fire over a dispute about watering fields in Miryakhel police limits in Bannu town, Pakistan, killing one person and injuring three others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK136349" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish drone attacks on Syrian power stations cut water supplies to a million Syrians", "date": "2023-2024", "country": "Turkey, Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.29279999999999972715158946812152862548828125, "lng": 40.59940000000000281943357549607753753662109375, "description": "Electricity systems in northeastern Syria are attacked by Turkey, cutting power and water to a million Syrians. The attacks extend from October 2023 to January 2024.", "sources": [ "Khoshnaw et al., 2024", "Human Rights Watch 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers and herders clash over water and land in northern Cameroon, with two deaths and many injuries reported", "date": "2023", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.5, "lng": 15, "description": "Between 6 and 7 October 2023, Kotoko farmers clash with Arab Choa herders over water and land in Makary, Goulfey, Amdagalgui and Ngouma (Logone-et-Chari, Far North, Cameroon) leading to at least two deaths and 20 injuries.", "sources": [ "International Crisis Group 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish fighters shell the Khan Eljabal water station in rural Al Hasakeh, Syria ", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.08370000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "lng": 42.07759999999999678266249247826635837554931640625, "description": "On October 7, Turkish fighters shell the Khan Eljabal (Khan Siri) water station in rural Al Hasakeh, Syria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR119213" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF shelling in Shambat, Khartoum, Sudan, cuts off electricity and water supply", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 15.6593999999999997640998117276467382907867431640625, "lng": 32.530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "The Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group in Sudan, targets civilians with artillery in Shambat, Khartoum North - Shambat, Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan (October 8) cutting off electricity and water supply. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD23034" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Wagner mercenaries kill three pastoralists watering livestock at a well in the village of Inbogitane, Mali", "date": "2023", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.078800000000001091393642127513885498046875, "lng": 0.63980000000000003534950110406498424708843231201171875, "description": "Wagner mercenaries kill three pastoralists at a well in the village of Inbogitane (Kidal), Mali. The pastoralists were watering their livestock when they were killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI31007" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Local indigenous opposition to a dam in Brazil that could flood a reserve results in two injuries", "date": "2023", "country": "Brazil", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.962199999999999278088580467738211154937744140625, "lng": -49.62729999999999819237928022630512714385986328125, "description": "Indigenous people block access to a dam in Jose Boiteux (Santa Catarina), Brazil by setting obstacles on fire to demonstrate against the closing of the dam over concerns it would flood part of their Indigenous reserve. Military police use tear gas bombs and rubber bullets to disperse the demonstrators, injuring two.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BRA75976" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed men occupy Municipal Water Company in Mixco, Guatemala, abduct employees and open fire on police", "date": "2023", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 14.6305999999999993832489053602330386638641357421875, "lng": -90.6067000000000035697667044587433338165283203125, "description": "In Mixco, Guatemala, unidentified armed men occupy the Municipal Water Company of Guatemala City (Empagua) and abduct employees. As police forces arrive to reestablish water services, the armed men opened fire on them and flee the company's facilities. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GTM7750" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Maya group seizes aqueduct and dam near Zaragoza, Guatemala; water cut off, clashes reported with police", "date": "2023", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 14.649699999999999278088580467738211154937744140625, "lng": -90.8909000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "description": "Near Zaragoza, Chimaltenango, for the second consecutive day, members of the 48 Cantones de Totonicapan (Maya indigenous group) take over the Xaya Pixcaya Aqueduct and the El Tesoro dam and cut off the water supply to demand the resignation of the Solicitor General and the head of the Special Prosecutor Against Impunity (FECI). Clashes between participants and officers are reported. Police regain control using tear gas, and the dam is returned to government control on 15 October.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GTM7723", "GTM7469" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed Israeli settlers from Avigail settlement attack Palestinian home in Al Mefqara, damaging water containers and solar panels", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Armed Israeli settlers from the Avigail settlement attack a Palestinian home in Al Mefqara village near Massafer Yuta (Hebron, West Bank) breaking solar energy panels, damaging water storage containers, and chopping down fruit bearing trees.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE37063" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military shells the main water tank in Lebanon", "date": "2023", "country": "Lebanon, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.10640000000000071622707764618098735809326171875, "lng": 35.2323999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "description": "Israeli military forces shell the main water tank of Yarine (Tyr), Lebanon (October 11).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN15223" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers from the Maale Amos settlement destroy water pipelines supplying Arab ar Rashaydah, Bethlehem, West Bank ", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5711000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": 35.23230000000000217141860048286616802215576171875, "description": "On October 11, Israeli settlers from the Maale Amos settlement destroy water pipelines in Arab ar Rashaydah, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine, disrupting the town's water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE37022" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sudanese militia (RSF) work to prevent Chadian refugees from accessing a nearby water source in Central Darfur, Sudan", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 13.1199999999999992184029906638897955417633056640625, "lng": 22.972899999999999209876477834768593311309814453125, "description": "Sudanese militia (RSF) work to prevent Chadian refugees in Um Shalaiya IDP camp from accessing a nearby water source in Central Darfur, Sudan after clashes between RSF and the area's residents.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD23088" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tribal and clan forces attack QSD positions at Al-Hawayij water station in Deir ez Zor", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.057400000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "lng": 40.492400000000003501554601825773715972900390625, "description": "On October 11, 2023, tribal and clan forces attack QSD positions at a water station in Al-Hawayij town, Deir ez Zor countryside, with rocket shells and machine guns. Casualties remain unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR119367" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man assaulted and killed near Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, India over water pipe dispute", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.58330000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "lng": 83.5852000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "description": "On October 12, Patidars (landowners) assault and kill a man near the Foxganj area in Ghazipur city (Uttar Pradesh), India over an issue related to drawing a water pipe through the fields.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND142144" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Destruction of water and water infrastructure in Gaza cuts off water services for over a million Palestinians", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "As of October 12, 2023 following the Israeli invasion of Gaza at least six water wells, three pumping plants, one reservoir, and one desalination plant, serving over 1.1 million people, have been damaged.", "sources": [ "UN OCHA 2023a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers and forces storm villages, demolish water reservoirs in Hebron, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.39699999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": 35.17620000000000146656020660884678363800048828125, "description": "On October 14, Israeli settlers, supported by Israeli forces, storm At-Tuba, Isfey at-Tahta, and Maghayir al Abeed villages in Hebron, West Bank, Palestine. They demolish water reservoirs, throw stones at houses, and loot solar panels and batteries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38471" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The cutoff of fuel and destruction of energy facilities in Gaza forces the closure of the last remaining ocean desalination plan", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.308800000000001517719283583573997020721435546875, "lng": 34.29780000000000228510543820448219776153564453125, "description": "The last remaining seawater desalination plant, out of the four servicing central and southern Gaza, shuts down on October 15 due to lack of fuel. Gaza’s only remaining operational wastewater treatment plant (out of five), which relies on solar energy, is also forced to shut down. Untreated sewage is being discharged to the sea and most of the 65 sewage pumping stations are not operational.", "sources": [ "UN OCHA 2023a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers and soldiers destroy water systems and an outhouse in Khirbat Susiyah, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 31.40670000000000072759576141834259033203125, "lng": 35.102699999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "description": "On 16 October 2023, Israeli settlers and soldiers block all entrances to the village of Khirbat Susiyah (Hebron, West Bank), destroying three main water cisterns, cutting irrigation pipes, and causing a water shortage affecting four dunams of farmland. The settlers also raze olive groves, demolish a stone wall, cut a home's power cable, seal a livestock feed cave, and demolish an outhouse.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE52667" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers cut down 70 olive seedlings, demolish water wells, and damage Palestinian lands in West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.391200000000001324451659456826746463775634765625, "lng": 35.11370000000000146656020660884678363800048828125, "description": "Israeli settlers cut down 70 olive seedlings, cut barbed wires, and demolish three water wells on Palestinian owned lands in Khirbat Susiyah (Hebron, West Bank). Soldiers and settlers in military uniform are present at the scene.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers physically assault a Palestinian in Khirbat Ar Ratheem, West Bank and damage water tanks and pipes. ", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.370000000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "lng": 35.02409999999999712372300564311444759368896484375, "description": "Five masked Israeli settlers in military uniforms physically assault a Palestinian in Khirbat Ar Ratheem (Hebron, West Bank) and damage water tanks and water pipes. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE51294", "PSE50987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous Rights Group marches to Zocalo in Mexico City, Mexico, denounces water and land dispossession", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.43130000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "lng": -99.15309999999999490682967007160186767578125, "description": "In Ciudad de Mexico - Cuauhtemoc, Mexico, members of the Front for the Defense of the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples and Neighborhoods of the Anahuac Basin (FDDPBOCA) demonstrate and march to the Zocalo against the dispossession of water and land and the registration system established by the Political Constitution of Mexico City. Demonstrators attack police officers with sticks and strip them of radios. Injuries unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX80184" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Presumed Islamic State Sahel militants kill civilians at a water well in Burkina Faso.", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 13.7510999999999992127186487778089940547943115234375, "lng": 0.2180999999999999883204537809433531947433948516845703125, "description": "Presumed Islamic State Sahel militants kill four civilians in Lipsi and 13 civilians at a water well in Mira, Sampelga, Burkina Faso.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BFO10800" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers raid and assault Palestinians in West Bank, injuring a man and two children, and damaging water pipes and tanks", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers raid and assault Palestinians in Sudat Al Thula area east of Yuta, West Bank, injuring a Palestinian man and two children, and causing material damage to water pipes and tanks in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38019" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers raid Palestinian homes in West Bank damaging water tanks", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.399300000000000210320649784989655017852783203125, "lng": 35.18480000000000273985278909094631671905517578125, "description": "Israeli settlers raid Palestinian-owned homes in Isfy (Isfey at-Tahta), Hebron, West Bank, damaging water tanks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38016" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police at an environment protest in Panama over the impacts of a copper mine kill four and injure hundreds", "date": "2023", "country": "Panama", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 8.98358999999999952024154481478035449981689453125, "lng": -79.5258000000000038198777474462985992431640625, "description": "A protest over the environmental impacts of a major copper mine in Panama, including severe impacts on rivers, is met with violence by local police. Hundreds are injured and four killed over a month of protests. ", "sources": [ "Con las manos en la data 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers set fire to a Palestinian-owned house and destroy 800 meters of water pipelines in West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.950700000000001210764821735210716724395751953125, "lng": 35.46759999999999735109668108634650707244873046875, "description": "Israeli settlers set fire to a Palestinian-owned house and destroy 800 meters of water pipelines in Al Awja (Jericho, West Bank) that feed thousands of dunams of agricultural lands.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE37988" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A suspected Al Shabaab gunman fires on a water tanker in Kenya", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -0.79969999999999996642685573533526621758937835693359375, "lng": 38.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "A suspected Al Shabaab gunman fires on a water tanker near Nguni market, Kenya (Mwingi Central Sub- County, Kitui). The driver managed to escape unhurt and one of the tanker's front tires was punctured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN12795" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed individuals in Haiti open fire on a convoy of vehicles related to water and sanitation. No one is injured but vehicles are", "date": "2023", "country": "Haiti", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.57679999999999864712663111276924610137939453125, "lng": -72.2262999999999948386175674386322498321533203125, "description": "In Croix-des-Bouquets, Ouest, Haiti, armed individuals open fire on a convoy of vehicles belonging to the National Directorate of Drinking Water and Sanitation, in the Beudet area. No one is injured but vehicles are damaged.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. HTI5433" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces fire at a water transportation truck in Qab al Janib area in Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5277999999999991587174008600413799285888671875, "lng": 35.1013999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "description": "Israeli forces open fire at a water transportation truck as it was approaching the checkpoint in Qab al Janib area in Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38505" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian property, including water containers and contaminate water wells in West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon ", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers from the Avigail settlement destroy 30 olive trees and grape vines, water containers, and solar energy power lines, and contaminate water wells in the Umm Turait Bedouin community near Shaab al Butm in Massafer Yuta (Hebron, West Bank)", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38821" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF shells Al Manara water station in Karari, Khartoum, Sudan", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.7922999999999991160848367144353687763214111328125, "lng": 32.53110000000000212594386539421975612640380859375, "description": "On 21 October 2023, Rapid Support Forces, a paramilitary group, shelled Al Manara water station in Karari, Karrari, Khartoum, Sudan, causing the station to temporarily go out of service.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD23354" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Wagner mercenaries attack the village of Lougui, Mali, killing seven and destroying the water tank", "date": "2023", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.9822000000000006281197784119285643100738525390625, "lng": -5.605199999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "description": "Wagner mercenaries attack the village of Lougui (Niono, Segou), Mali, killing seven civilians including the chief of the village and a marabout. The mercenaries also destroy the water tower and houses, and loot goods.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI31092" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over equitable distribution and access to potable water infrastructure in Bolivia", "date": "2023", "country": "Bolivia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -20.102199999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": -65.1337999999999937017491902224719524383544921875, "description": "Residents of Palacio Tambo San Lucas, Bolivia clash with residents of Japo in an ongoing issue around a potable water system from a river in Japo that would only benefit Palacio Tambo. Several residents were injured and three residents from Japo are reported missing.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BOL5035" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers raid Palestinian properties in West Banck, cutting down olive trees and looting water pipes", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.529399999999998982502802391536533832550048828125, "lng": 35.0938000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "On October 22, Israeli settlers from Avigayil settlement raid Khirbet Umm Thret near Sha'ab al-Batum in Hebron, West Bank, Palestine, cutting down olive trees, destroying electricity lines, and looting agricultural equipment and water pipes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE39412" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers steal Palestinian water pumps and cut pipes in West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.40670000000000072759576141834259033203125, "lng": 35.102699999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "description": "On October 22, Israeli settlers from the Suseya settlement steal two water pumps and cut water pipes belonging to Palestinians in Khirbat Susiyah, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE40006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Civilians at a water well in Al Fitahab, Sudan are attacked, killing one", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.5980000000000007531752999057061970233917236328125, "lng": 32.46130000000000137561073643155395984649658203125, "description": "Civilians at a water well in Al Fitahab, Sudan are attacked by RSF artillery, killing one, wounding 6.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD23360" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drinking water system in Nepal is vandalized", "date": "2023", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 28.934899999999998954081092961132526397705078125, "lng": 81.564400000000006230038707144558429718017578125, "description": "An unidentified group vandalizes properties of the Roshnidanda-Rumaldev-Gadakha Lifting Drinking-Water Program, in the Chamunda Bindrasaini municipality, Nepal. The drinking-water project served more than 350 consumers in the municipality.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NEP23286" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers take over water well on Palestinian lands in Hebron, West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.529399999999998982502802391536533832550048828125, "lng": 35.0938000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "description": "On October 23, Israeli settlers set up tents and take over a water well on Palestinian lands in the Sha'ab al-Batum area in the southern hills of Hebron, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE39998" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mothers and children protest food and water shortages in Guantanamo, Cuba, leading to violent clashes", "date": "2023", "country": "Cuba", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.246300000000001517719283583573997020721435546875, "lng": -74.15219999999999345163814723491668701171875, "description": "In Maisi, Guantanamo on October 23, a group of mothers, together with their children, hold a demonstration against the national regime and decrying the lack of water and food. Demonstrators block roads with empty water tanks and police forces intervene, leading to violent altercations. Injuries and arrests are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CUB1017" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces seize Palestinian water tank and agricultural equipment near Al Hadidiyah, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.24029999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "lng": 35.4960999999999984311216394416987895965576171875, "description": "Israeli forces seize Palestinian-owned agricultural equipment, a water tank, and two vehicles east of Al Hadidiyah village (Tubas, West Bank) (October 25).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38591" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck is attacked near the Romo gold mines in Kenya, killing two", "date": "2023", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.29999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875, "lng": 35.2332999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Suspected Turkana ethnic militia shoot at a truck ferrying water to the Romo gold mines at Chepiririch, Kenya by the Turkwel River killing two and wounding three others. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN12800" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settler damage water tanks and destroy trees in Ain Al Baydha, Palestine", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On 26 October 2023, armed Israeli settlers raid Ain Al Baydha, east of Yuta, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine, damaging over 200 commercial trees, water tanks, and other infrastructure, and looting farming equipment.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE39402", "PSE38559" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy almonds and olives seedings and irrigation pipelines and loot a water pump in the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On October 27, Israeli settlers cut 2,000 almonds and olives seedings, destroy irrigation pipelines and loot a water pump in Al Thaala near Yuta in the West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38799" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces demolish the water line to a refugee camp in the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.46050000000000324007487506605684757232666015625, "lng": 35.2882000000000033423930290155112743377685546875, "description": "Israeli forces demolish the main water line for the Jenin - Mukhayyam refugee camp, houses, and infrastructure in the West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38798" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers demolish a water tank in Ayn al Bayda (West Bank) and cut a water line", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3804999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "lng": 35.50829999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "On October 27, Israeli settlers demolish a water tank in Ayn al Bayda (Tubas, West Bank) and cut a water line.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38800" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipes in Umm Tuba, West Bank are destroyed by Israeli settlers", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.7299000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "lng": 35.2314999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "On 27 October, Israeli settlers storm the Umm Tuba neighborhood, Al Quds, West Bank and demolish water pipes in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE38825" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fishers are killed in a dispute in Mali over management of a water pond", "date": "2023", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.74569999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "lng": -4.90289999999999981383780323085375130176544189453125, "description": "On October 29, fishers are killed in a dispute over management of a water pond near near the village of Troh, Segou, Mali.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI31228" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy an irrigation network and water tanks in Qaryut, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.07090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.2939999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Israeli settlers storm agricultural lands in Qaryut village, Nablus, West Bank and demolish irrigation network and water tanks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE39468" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The hactivist group Cyber Av3ngers claims to have hacked 10 water treatment stations in Israel on October 30", "date": "2023", "country": "Israel, Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.00319999999999964757080306299030780792236328125, "lng": 34.71459999999999723740984336473047733306884765625, "description": "The hactivist group Cyber Av3ngers claims to have hacked 10 water treatment stations in Israel on October 30.", "sources": [ "Waqas 2023a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The water supply for the village of Troitskoye, Russia is damaged by Ukrainian shelling", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.19360000000000354702933691442012786865234375, "lng": 34.82130000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "description": "Ukrainian military shells the village of Troitskoye (Korenevskiy, Kursk), Russia, damaging the water tower and cutting water supply for 300 people (October 31).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS12537" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In November 2023, the second largest water testing laboratory of the Gaza municipal water utility is destroyed by Israeli forces", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.47319999999999851070242584683001041412353515625, "lng": 34.39959999999999951114659779705107212066650390625, "description": "The second largest water testing laboratory of the Coastal Municipalities Water Utility in Gaza is destroyed by Israeli forces.", "sources": [ "Water and Development Partnership Program 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hackers gain access to computers in water and wastewater systems in seven US states, forcing some to switch to manual operations", "date": "2023", "country": "United States ", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 39.7237999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "lng": -102.33899999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Cyber Av3ngers hackers gain access to computers in US water and wastewater systems in seven states, posting anti-Israel messages and forcing some to shut down their systems and switched to manual operations.", "sources": [ "Office of the Director of National Intelligence 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia attacks a dam in Terny, Donetsk, Ukraine", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.09689999999999798774297232739627361297607421875, "lng": 37.96309999999999718056642450392246246337890625, "description": "On 1 November 2023, Russian forces conduct an airstrike near a dam in Terny, Donetsk region, Ukraine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR140000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "During violence between gangs and the police in Mariani, Haiti, the National Directorate of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DINEP", "date": "2023", "country": "Haiti", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.537600000000001188027454190887510776519775390625, "lng": -72.6098999999999961119101499207317829132080078125, "description": "During violence between gangs and the police in Mariani, Haiti, the National Directorate of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DINEPA) facilities are assaulted and occupied. One fatality and several injuries are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. HTI5446" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters in Guinea block roads, burn tires, and destroy army office demanding water, electricity, roads, and jobs", "date": "2023", "country": "Guinea", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 9.791100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "lng": -13.5233000000000007645439836778677999973297119140625, "description": "Demonstrators in Dubreka, Guinea block the road and burn tires to demand water, electricity, roads and jobs. They also attack and destroy a local army office. Some arrests are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GUI2681" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen shoot and kill a senior South African municipality water and sanitation official", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -29.146899999999998698285708087496459484100341796875, "lng": 31.4140000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "description": "Gunmen shoot and kill a senior eThekwini municipality water and sanitation official Mandeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The victim also served as the manager for Plants and Logistics in the Water and Sanitation Unit.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF20086" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli attack on southern Lebanon disrupts water supply for Tair Harfa.", "date": "2023", "country": "Lebanon, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.21670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "lng": 35.21670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon in November 2023 destroy a solar-energy project that supplies electricity to operate the water well in Tair Harfa, Lebanon, disrupting its water supply.", "sources": [ "UN ESCWA 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers and military cut the main water line that feeds the town of Bayt Lid, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.26089999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "lng": 35.13170000000000214868123293854296207427978515625, "description": "On 3 November, Israeli settlers protected by Israeli forces cut the main water line to Bayt Lid (Tulkarm, West Bank) that feeds the whole town with water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE39569" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militia positions are shelled at a water station in Thiban, Syria", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.01140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": 40.5046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "Tribal and clan forces shell Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) militia positions at a water station in Thiban, Deir ez Zor, Syria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR120360" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli aircraft strike a water supply tank in the Gaza Strip, causing damage and killing several dozen people", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.28419999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": 34.248199999999997089616954326629638671875, "description": "Israeli military airplanes strike a main water supply tank east of Rafah in the Gaza Strip, causing damage and killing several dozen people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE40372" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hezbollah militants attack a water tanker in Israel killing the driver", "date": "2023", "country": "Israel, Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.1287999999999982492226990871131420135498046875, "lng": 35.55230000000000245563569478690624237060546875, "description": "Hezbollah militants fire an anti-tank missile in the Shoshan base area near Yiftah, Israel hitting an Israeli water tanker and killing the driver.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. ISR37964" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage water tanks and water pipes in Ar Rakiz and Al Mafqara villages, near Hebron, West Bank ", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.40919999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "lng": 35.16100000000000136424205265939235687255859375, "description": "Israeli settlers raid Palestinian houses in Ar Rakiz and Al Mafqara villages in Mosafer Yuta, near Hebron, West Bank, damaging water tanks, water pipes, solar panels, and car tires.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE40131" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rioters in Bangladesh set fire to a water tanker during a clash between opposition parties and police forces", "date": "2023", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.766600000000000392219590139575302600860595703125, "lng": 89.400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "description": "Rioters set fire to a water tanker in Shajahanpur, Bangladesh during a clash between opposition parties and police forces, demanding resignation of the Awami League government.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD25742" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protest and military deployments over the construction of a canal along the Massacre River and a dispute over the border", "date": "2023", "country": "Haiti, Dominican Republic", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.548799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "lng": -71.7082999999999941564965411089360713958740234375, "description": "In Ouanaminthe, Nord-Est, Haiti residents protest the presence of Dominican soldiers at the Haitian-Dominican border during a dispute over the construction of a canal on the Massacre River. Military are deployed in the area and during the demonstration, rioters set up barricades of burning tires, dig a ditch, and attack the departmental head of the Protected Areas of Surveillance Brigade (BSAP) as he intervened to prevent the rioters from throwing stones at the soldiers. The Dominican soldiers try to remove the barricades and point firearms at the rioters. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. HTI5476", "ID. DOM624" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Community members from Aquixcuatitla, Hidalgo, Mexico abduct a public official and clash with police in a dispute over a drinkin", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.139399999999998414068613783456385135650634765625, "lng": -98.42050000000000409272615797817707061767578125, "description": "In Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, Mexico community members from Aquixcuatitla abduct a public official from the Huejutla de Reyes municipality in a dispute over the drinking water pumping system electricity contract. Police rescue him and clash with the rioters, who attack them with machetes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX81030" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack by Israel on the system providing energy for the Gaza Central Wastewater Treatment Plant", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.447900000000000630961949354968965053558349609375, "lng": 34.39110000000000155750967678613960742950439453125, "description": "In November, Israeli air strikes destroy part of the energy production system, including solar panels, that provided energy for the Gaza Central Wastewater Treatment Plant, opened in April 2021 with the help of EU funding. The plant served 11 communities and one million people.", "sources": [ "Zwijnenburg 2023c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF militia seize dam near El Fasher, imposing water fines and blocking tanks; Sudan Armed Forces retaliate", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia seize Goro dam and reservoir near El Fasher (Al Fasher, North Darfur) (November 8) and begin imposing fines on civilians attempting to fetch water. They also prevent water tanks from entering the city after the water supply is cut off. Sudan Armed Forces airstrikes target Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on November 13, with numerous deaths reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD23724", "SUD23805", "SUD23716", "SUD23693" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian military shells damage a water tower in Russia", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.4491000000000013869794202037155628204345703125, "lng": 35.7323999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "description": "Ukrainian military shell the village of Novostroyevka-Pervaya, Belgorod, Russia damaging a water tower, November 8.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS12638" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rioters in Iraq protesting the lack of jobs shut down water projects in Thi Qar, Iraq and fire on security forces, killing one", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.409099999999998686917024315334856510162353515625, "lng": 46.17269999999999896544977673329412937164306640625, "description": "Dozens riot in the Bada area of Shatrah district, Thi Qar, Iraq over lack of jobs. The rioters close water projects in the area and when security forces try to disperse the riot and reopen the water projects rioters open fire at the security forces killing one and injuring another. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ49717" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces bulldoze the main water pipeline in the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.610800000000001119815351557917892932891845703125, "lng": 35.22449999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "description": "Israeli forces bulldoze the main water pipeline in Kisan, near Bethlehem, West Bank, on November 9.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE40264" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage water pipeline to At Tuwani villagte, Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.412700000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "lng": 35.15379999999999682813722756691277027130126953125, "description": "Israeli settlers raided At Tuwani village (Hebron, West Bank) on November 10 and attacked Palestinian farmers harvesting olives. The settlers also damage the main water pipeline in the village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE40146" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israel shells the Kawkab dam in Syria in response to attacks from this area on the Golan", "date": "2023", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.7409999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": 35.975200000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "description": "Israeli forces shell the Kawkab dam in rural western Dara, Syria in response to unidentified shelling originating from the area targeting the Golan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR120857" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A political clash turns violent in India over the failure to complete an irrigation project in Telangana", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 16.6356999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": 79.3436999999999983401721692644059658050537109375, "description": "On November 14, members of the Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) political party assault members of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) including the Nalgonda District President in Nellikal village Telangana, India, while the BJP was demonstrating against the BRS for not completing the Nellikal Lift irrigation project as promised.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND144736" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water main feeding Khirbat al Thaala, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers from the Karmiel settlement destroy a main water line that feeds Khirbat al Thaala in Mosafer Yuta in Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE40928" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water treatment factory and infrastructure destroyed in Gaza City during the Israeli attack on Gaza", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "Fire destroys the Abdul Salam Yaseen Water Company factory on the outskirts of Gaza City during the Israeli invasion of Gaza. This water treatment plant produced domestic, agricultural, and industrial water and wastewater pumps and equipment for large-scale water desalination units and plants.", "sources": [ "Zwijnenburg 2023a", "2023b" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dam in Sudan is attacked and damaged during fighting between Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.2385000000000001563194018672220408916473388671875, "lng": 32.48689999999999855617716093547642230987548828125, "description": "In November 2023, attacks on the Jebel Aulia Dam in Sudan during fighting between Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces damage the infrastructure, cut its ability to regulate water levels and deliveries, and threatens dam collapse.", "sources": [ "IHE Delft 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli fighter jets strike a water project on the outskirts a town in Lebanon", "date": "2023", "country": "Lebanon, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.27550000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 35.51789999999999736246536485850811004638671875, "description": "Israeli fighter jets strike a water project on the outskirts of Taybeh, Marjayoun, Lebanon on November 19.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN16319" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy a Palestinian water reservoir, water pipeline, and olive plantings in Yuta, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On November 20 Israeli settlers demolish housing, a school's water tanks, a water pipeline, and uproot 70 olive seedings in Yuta, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE41345", "Middle East Monitor 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy a Palestinian water well in Massafer Yuta, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli forces demolish houses, a sheep pen, and a water well in Shaab al Batm and Main areas in Massafer Yuta, Hebron, West Bank on November 22.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE41302" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia attacks a water pumping station in Vovchansk, Ukraine", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.29079999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "lng": 36.94109999999999871533873374573886394500732421875, "description": "Russian forces shell Vovchansk, Kharkiv, Ukraine, damaging two generators of the local water pumping station.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR137429" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia attacks the water supply system of Nikopol, Ukraine", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.57119999999999748752088635228574275970458984375, "lng": 34.396399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Russian forces launch four drone strikes and shell Nikopol, Ukraine, damaging the water supply system on November 22.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR137351" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A Pennsylvania water authority, with several other organizations, is the victim of a cyberattack by Iran-affiliated hackers", "date": "2023", "country": "United States", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 41.2032999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "lng": -77.19450000000000500222085975110530853271484375, "description": "In November 2023, an Iranian-linked group, \"Cyber Av3ngers,\" targets multiple organizations, including a small Pennsylvania town's water provider. Earlier this year, a Russian-linked \"hactivist\" group attempted to disrupt operations at several Texas utilities.", "sources": [ "Whisnant 2024", "Associated Press (AP) 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukraine attacks a Russian military outpost at an occupied water tower in Donetsk, Ukraine", "date": "2023", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.313299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "lng": 38.0416000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "On November 26 Russian military forces occupy a water tower in Horlivka, Donetsk, Ukraine, which is then attacked by Ukrainian forces, destroying a machine gun position and ammunication depot.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR138097" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Caste violence kills one Dalit man for using a public tap to drink water in India", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 27.74119999999999919282345217652618885040283203125, "lng": 79.298100000000005138645065017044544219970703125, "description": "In mob and caste violence on November 27, several people assault and kill a man from the Dalit community in Sathra village, Uttar Pradesh, India for using a public tap to drink water. One person is arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND145392", "The India Express 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy a water network and water tanks in the Birin area, Hebron, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.4909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": 35.14670000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "On November 27, Israeli forces destroy two houses, three dunam of agricultural lands cultivated with olive trees, and a water network and tanks in Birin area, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE41968" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clash between Hawazmah-Baggara and Nuba clans in Sudan over access to water kills as many as nine and injuring others", "date": "2023", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.0509000000000003893774191965349018573760986328125, "lng": 29.654199999999999448618837050162255764007568359375, "description": "The Hawazmah-Baggara and Nuba clans in Sundan clash when Nuba prevent the pastoralists from watering livestock and limit access to water sources in Al Tabldiat and Abu Zaid neighborhoods in Dilling. Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) shell the region killing as many as nine and wounding eight more, destroying houses and displacing residents. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD24061" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash between two clans in Somalia kills one and leads to the destruction of houses and water reservoirs", "date": "2023", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 9.7567000000000003723243935382924973964691162109375, "lng": 47.52770000000000294448909698985517024993896484375, "description": "Dhulbante clan militia in Somalia set fire and destroy houses and water reservoirs belonging to Habarjeco clan in Boodhlay village, Ceerigaabo, Sanaag. One civilian is killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SOM42908" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "In a dispute between the regions in India over irrigation and drinking water, police take control of a dam and release water", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.054300000000001347189027001149952411651611328125, "lng": 79.26699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "In India on November 30, about 700 police personnel from Andhra Pradesh (AP) clash with Telangana state special police forces guarding the Nagarjunasagar dam on Krishna River in Nalgonda district in a long-standing dispute over water sharing and releases of irrigation water. AP police take control over the dam and irrigation officials start releasing water into Andhra Pradesh.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND145511", "Apparasu 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy Palestinian water containers, water lines, and more near Jenin, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.42540000000000333102434524334967136383056640625, "lng": 35.1090999999999979763742885552346706390380859375, "description": "On November 30, Israeli forces demolish Palestinian-owned residences, water containers, solar panels, and electricity and water lines in Firasin, Jenin, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE41925" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A community water system in Ireland is hacked, cutting water supply to 180 households for two days", "date": "2023", "country": "Ireland", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 54.2856000000000022964741219766438007354736328125, "lng": -9.996449999999999391775418189354240894317626953125, "description": "In December 2023, a community-owned and managed water system in Ireland is hacked and a computer controller is disabled, cutting water supply to 180 households for two days. The hackers stated the equipment was targeted because it originated in Israel.", "sources": [ "Quinn 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Boko Haram and ISIS militants attack fishing communities, killing 7, abducting 25, and forcing thousands to flee", "date": "2023", "country": "Cameroon, Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12, "lng": 15, "description": "Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province militants launch over a dozen attacks on fishing communities as part of the longstanding land and water disputes in the northern part of Logone-et-Chari division, abducting around 25 people and killing at least seven. Thousands flee to the southern parts of the division.", "sources": [ "International Crisis Group 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Desalination plant in Gaza bombed by Israel", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "In December 2023, the Eta Water company reports at least one of its desalination plants in Gaza has been bombed by Israel.", "sources": [ "Baba and Neurman 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A violent conflict erupts in Chiapas, Mexico over the control and allocation of water from a spring", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.0330000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "lng": -92.1204000000000036152414395473897457122802734375, "description": "Around 80 residents from Tunapaz, Chichabantelja, Chiapas, Mexico protest the lack of an agreement for the distribution of water from a local spring in Chic'habantelja on December 3. Some protestors start shooting in the air, open a ditch in the road, and cut off electricity service. The rioters also throw stones and sticks at their neighbors resulting in at least eight indigenous people injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX81847" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water lines to several Palestinian communities near Yuta, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy main water lines that feed the Al Asfa, Maghayer Al Ubied, and At Tubah communities near Yuta, Hebron, West Bank on December 3.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE42529" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Omiltemi, Mexico cut off water to the municipality in protest over failure to receive water services or other benef", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 17.55160000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "lng": -99.5010999999999938836481305770576000213623046875, "description": "Residents from Omiltemi in Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, cut off the pumps that supply water to the municipality to demand compensation for the failure to receive any water, fire protection, or other benefits for 50 years.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX81860", "Arista 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violence between Meiteis and Kuki communities in India include attacks on the Maphou Dam", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.6450999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "lng": 93.9955000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "Armed Kuki assailants attack villages near Maphou Dam located in Thoubal River and Meitei villages, India. The Gorkha regiment of the Indian army and local police forces retaliate with several rounds of firing. Numerous injuries are reported. The dam has been at the center of disputes between Meiteis and Kuki communities.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND145943", "Bordoloi 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian almond trees and seize water containers and pipelines in the Al Tabaq area of the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.636500000000001620037437533028423786163330078125, "lng": 35.2145000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "On December 10, Israeli settlers from the Tekoa settlement uproot 15 Palestinian-owned almond trees, cut fences, and seize water containers and pipelines in Al Tabaq area in Tuqu, Bethlehem, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE43457" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A dispute among water pipe operators leaves one dead, one injured in Mexico", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.26109999999999899955582804977893829345703125, "lng": -98.895700000000005047695594839751720428466796875, "description": "Two armed individuals traveling on a motorcycle shoot workers in a dispute over water pipe operators in Chalco de Diaz Covarrubias, Mexico. One person is killed and one injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX82111" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces destroy a Palestinian water well and agricultural road near Bethlehem, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.689099999999999823785401531495153903961181640625, "lng": 35.18610000000000326281224261038005352020263671875, "description": "On December 11, Israeli forces bulldoze an agricultural road and demolish a Palestinian-owned water well in Artas, near Bethlehem, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE43465" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Israeli military begins pumping water into tunnel complexes in Gaza", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.5, "lng": 34.46670000000000300133251585066318511962890625, "description": "The Israeli military begins pumping seawater into Hamas' tunnel complex in Gaza in an effort to destroy them.", "sources": [ "Jerusalem Post 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two soldiers in Benin killed by JNIM militants as they go to fetch water", "date": "2023", "country": "Benin", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 12.38419999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 2.8292000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "On December 12, an IED likely planted by JNIM militants (a subgroup of Katibat Mouslimou formed in Burkina Faso) kill two Benin soldiers who were going to fetch water in the vicinity of Bako Maka, Alibori.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BEN1260" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water containers are booby-trapped with explosives by IS militants in Iraq", "date": "2023", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 33.42060000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "lng": 43.3078000000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "description": "Popular Mobilization Forces defuse five booby-trapped water containers in Ramadi, western Al Anbar, Iraq. The booby traps contained TNT and other high-explosives and were left behind by IS militants.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ51000" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mobapane residents in Gauteng, South Africa take officials hostage over illegal water disconnections, block reservoir exit", "date": "2023", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -25.507200000000000983391146291978657245635986328125, "lng": 28.1075000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "description": "In December, residents of Mobapane, Gauteng, South Africa take officials from the Water and Sanitation Department and Tshwane Metro police hostage and threaten them with violence when the officials came to disconnect illegal water connections at the local reservoir. Residents blocked the reservoir exit with rocks, temporarily trapping the officials and police.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF20318" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water containers in Hebron area of the West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "On December 13, Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water containers in the Shaab Al Batm and Wadi Abu Juhaish area in Massafer Yuta, Hebron, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE43471" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli military shoots six Palestinians filling water at the Al Shifa Hospital, Gaza", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.5240000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "lng": 34.45049999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "description": "Israeli snipers shoot and injure six Palestinians filling water in Al Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Gaza Strip. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE43605" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers in Guerrero, Mexico cut off a pipeline water supply to demand improved government response to Hurricane Otis", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 16.86189999999999855617716093547642230987548828125, "lng": -99.8866000000000013869794202037155628204345703125, "description": "Farmers around Acapulco de Juarez, Guerrero, Mexico disrupt pumping equipment of the Lomas de Chapultepec pipeline to demand better federal government response to the rural impacts of Hurricane Otis. The disruption cut off a water supply to the region.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX86014" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Greenpeace activists cut of the water supply to a Spanish water agency in protest over water pollution", "date": "2023", "country": "Spain", "conflictType": "Trigger, Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 41.58279999999999887450030655600130558013916015625, "lng": -4.72140000000000004121147867408581078052520751953125, "description": "In December, Greenpeace activists cut off the water in the office of the hydrographic confederation in Laguna de Duero (Castilla y Leon, Spain) to demand the cessation of nitrate pollution.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. ESP15151" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protestors and police clash at a protest over a water treatment plant in Puebla, Mexico", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.211099999999998289013092289678752422332763671875, "lng": -98.3807000000000044792614062316715717315673828125, "description": "In Santa Ana Xalmimilulco, Puebla, Mexico, municipal police, state police, and demonstrators clash at a protest over the construction of a new water treatment plant. The protesters feel the plant will harm the aquifers of the community in Colonia Los Tanques. Six state police are injured and at least eight environmental activists are arrested. According to residents, the police shoot at the rioters.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX82388" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sinaloa Cartel in Mexico cuts off water and electricity to force community into joining roadblocks in territorial dispute", "date": "2023", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 15.58370000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "lng": -92.251699999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "Members of the Sinaloa Cartel in Chiapas, Mexico cut off water and electricity in the community to pressure community members to join roadblocks and participate in a dispute over territorial control.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX82425" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike destroys a water desalination plant in Jabalya, Gaza", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.52720000000000055706550483591854572296142578125, "lng": 34.48349999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "On December 22, Israeli artillery shell Jabalya town in Gaza Strip, killing an unspecified number of Palestinians and injuring several others. Warplanes strike a house, kill six, and destroy a water desalination plant.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID.. PSE44092" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israelis destroy water supply line in Al Minya, West Bank", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.620400000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "lng": 35.21849999999999880628820392303168773651123046875, "description": "On December 22, Israeli forces destroy water supply line network in Al Minya, Bethlehem, West Bank, that supplies water to the village.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE44154" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike kills two and injures several others filling water in Khan Yunis, Gaza", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.3359999999999985220711096189916133880615234375, "lng": 34.3171999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "Israeli airstrikes kill two Palestinians and injure several others filling water in Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PSE43492" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike on a car belonging to the Gazan Water Authority kills three.", "date": "2023", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.348400000000001597300069988705217838287353515625, "lng": 34.29610000000000269437805400229990482330322265625, "description": "Israeli warplanes carry out airstrikes in Khan Yunis, Gaza, including an attack on a car belonging to the Gazan Water Authority, killing three.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID.. PSE44023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "KRRS members storm a water pumping station, Karnataka, India seeking compensation for lands damaged by a dam", "date": "2023", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 12.876799999999999357669366872869431972503662109375, "lng": 74.99070000000000391082721762359142303466796875, "description": "Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha (KRRS) members protest and storm the Thumbe water pumping station in Thumbe town, Karnataka, India demanding compensation for farmers whose lands are damaged due to water releases from the dam. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND147146" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person killed in explosion of water well mined with an IED by JNIM militants in Sorga, Burkina Faso", "date": "2023", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 13.016600000000000392219590139575302600860595703125, "lng": -0.139600000000000001865174681370262987911701202392578125, "description": "A water well mined with an IED by JNIM militants (a subgroup of Katibat Mouslimou formed in Burkina Faso) explodes in the area of Sorga, Bogande, Burkina Faso, killing one.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BFO11249" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian military shells Belgorod, causing casualties and water pipes damages", "date": "2023", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.61070000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "lng": 36.58019999999999782858139951713383197784423828125, "description": "Ukrainian military shells Belgorod with over 13 rockets, killing one man and damaging houses, cars, and gas and water pipes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PSE42987" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The main warehouse of the Coastal Municipalities Water Utility in Gaza is destroyed and seven people are killed", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.47279999999999944293449516408145427703857421875, "lng": 34.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "description": "The main warehouse of the Coastal Municipalities Water Utility in Gaza is destroyed, seven people are killed, and $9 million in water equipment and supplies are destroyed.", "sources": [ "Water and Development Partnership Programme 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The \"water tanker mafia\" in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa is accused of actively sabotaging water infrastructure", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -28.470900000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "lng": 30.93599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "The \"water tanker mafia\" in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa is accused of actively sabotaging water infrastructure to continue and prolong contracts with municipalities to deliver water.", "sources": [ "Jacobs 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three-fifths of 350 US/British utilities surveyed report cyberattacks with a majority suffering serious disruption", "date": "2024", "country": "United States, United Kingdom", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 54.52929999999999921556081972084939479827880859375, "lng": -2.022889999999999854907173357787542045116424560546875, "description": "Over three-fifths of 350 US and British water and electricity firms surveyed report being targeted by cyberattacks in 2024 with a majority suffering serious disruption or permanent corruption or destruction of data or systems.", "sources": [ "Muncaster 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Bani Saeed water pipeline from Israel to Gaza is shut down due to damage from military activities", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.339800000000000324007487506605684757232666015625, "lng": 34.3284000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "description": "The Bani Saeed Mekorot water line from Israel to Gaza is shut down for 10 days after sustaining damage due to military activities, cutting expected water supply to zero.", "sources": [ "Water and Development Partnership Programme 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Southern Gaza Desalination Plant is shut down for four days after damages from military actions", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.357299999999998618704921682365238666534423828125, "lng": 34.30879999999999796500560478307306766510009765625, "description": "The Southern Gaza Desalination Plant serving the Deir al Balah, Khan Younis, and Rafah governorates is shut down for four days due to attacks on power lines to the plant. Operations resume after repairs.", "sources": [ "Water and Development Partnership Programme 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed clans clash over river water; one killed, six wounded in Yirol, South Sudan", "date": "2024", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 6.5525000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375, "lng": 30.49810000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "description": "Two clans armed with wooden sticks and spears clash over river water at a cattle camp in Nyinloou, Yirol, South Sudan. One person is killed and six people are left with stab wounds.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SSD9743" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Deadly clashes are reported between Syrian regime forces and the Islamic State over control of Wadi Adiad Dam", "date": "2024", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.66369999999999862438926356844604015350341796875, "lng": 38.22169999999999845385900698602199554443359375, "description": "Clashes take place between Syrian regime forces and IS members around Wadi Abiad Dam in eastern Homs and resulted in deaths and injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR121983" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "National Defence Forces (QDW) member executed after attempt to poison water tanks in northern Homs, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 34.671999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "lng": 38.59479999999999932924765744246542453765869140625, "description": "A National Defence Forces (QDW) member is executed by firing squad after being captured attempting to poison regime-affiliated water tanks in rural northern Homs, Syria. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR123469" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish drone attacks water facilities in a rural village in Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.9769000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "lng": 42.24759999999999848796505830250680446624755859375, "description": "Turkish drones target a water station and water storage facilities in the village of Shirk in rural Al Hasakeh, Syria. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR123419" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan militants kill a security guard while he collects water in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.702999999999999403144101961515843868255615234375, "lng": 70.1366000000000013869794202037155628204345703125, "description": "Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants fatally shoot a security guard in the town of Drazinda in Dera Ismail Khan District, Pakistan. The guard is attacked while fetching water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK138698" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike kills two Palestinian workers repairing water pipes in Gaza, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.31909999999999882902557146735489368438720703125, "lng": 34.34009999999999962483343551866710186004638671875, "description": "Israeli warplanes carry out an airstrike in Abasan al Kabirah, located in the Khan Yunis area of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The attack kills two Palestinian workers who are repairing water pipes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE45341" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A union leader is killed in dispute over control of drinking water pipes in Solidaridad, Mexico", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.292500000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "lng": -98.940100000000001045918907038867473602294921875, "description": "Armed assailants kill a man in Valle de Chalco Solidaridad, Mexico. Authorities link the attack to an ongoing rivalry between labor unions competing for control over drinking water pipelines. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX82977" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian drone strikes damage water facility in occupied Horlivka, Ukraine", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.313299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "lng": 38.0416000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "Ukrainian forces carry out drone strikes on Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) positions in occupied Horlivka, Ukraine. A water pumping station is damaged in the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR144082" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A pro-Russia hacktivist group gains control over computers at Texas, USA water and wastewater systems causing flooding", "date": "2024", "country": "United States ", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 31.5193000000000012050804798491299152374267578125, "lng": -99.10939999999999372448655776679515838623046875, "description": "On 18 January 2024, a pro-Russia hactivist group accesses control systems at two Texas water facilities and tampers with water pumps and alarms, causing water to run past designated shutoff levels and overfill storage tanks.", "sources": [ "Office of the Director of National Intelligence 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Al Shabaab explosive device destroys water truck in Lower Shabelle, Somalia", "date": "2024", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.9242999999999998994582028899458236992359161376953125, "lng": 44.92309999999999803321770741604268550872802734375, "description": "An improvised explosive device planted by Al Shabaab destroys a water truck in a convoy from the African Union Transition Mission and Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces in Lower Shabelle, Somalia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SOM43455" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage Palestinian crops and pollute water well in Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers contaminate a water well and destroy Palestinian crops in Hebron, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE45842" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police beat protesters in Delfan, Iran, during demonstration over textile factory's impact on water resources", "date": "2024", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.07339999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "lng": 47.972499999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Residents and farmers from the villages of Hasanabad and Aliabad, in Delfan county, Iran, protest at the Red Crescent Delfan textile factory construction site against the loss pastures and the drying up of water resources. Police beat the protesters with batons in response. Several people are taken to hospital for their injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRN26376" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water pump is stolen and equipment damaged during a clash with police in Napeitom, Kenya", "date": "2024", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.732299999999999950972551232553087174892425537109375, "lng": 36.04010000000000246700437855906784534454345703125, "description": "Unidentified assailants clash with police, destroy a water pump, and steal equipment in Napeitom, Kenya.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN13508" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five killed and two injured when military forces are attacked while fetching water in Myanmar", "date": "2024", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.1560000000000005826450433232821524143218994140625, "lng": 98.9467000000000069803718361072242259979248046875, "description": "Forces of the Taw Bone Gyi People's Defence Force and Tanintharyi Yoma Force attack Myanmar military troops in the Tanintharyi region of Myanmar while they are fetching water. In the battle, five soldiers are killed and two injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MMR57799" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian shelling damages water filtration plant near Karlivka, Ukraine", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.1116999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "lng": 37.49080000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "Russian forces shell an area near Karlivka, in the Donetsk region of Ukraine, damaging a water filtration station. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR145760" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A woman is injured in a water access protest in Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico ", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.59909999999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "lng": -99.0491999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "description": "Residents in Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico, protest to demand drinking water services. During the protest, a car strikes a female demonstrator, who receives medical care and the driver is arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX83193" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A clash over the lack of water services in the eThekwini Municipality township in South Africa injures many protesters", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -29.699400000000000687805368215776979923248291015625, "lng": 31.012299999999999755573298898525536060333251953125, "description": "During a protest over the lack of water services, about two dozen residents of the Phoenix township in South Africa are injured in a confrontation with the South African Police Service (SAPS) and Durban Metro Police. The protest was planned by the Voice of Phoenix, a civic movement concerned with the failures of water service delivery in the eThekwini Municipality township.", "sources": [ "Naidoo 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two Rand Water executives shot dead in Johannesburg, South Africa", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -26.2049999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "lng": 28.049700000000001409716787748038768768310546875, "description": "Unidentified gunmen open fire in City of Johannesburg, South Africa, killing two Rand Water executives and injuring the city’s chief whip along with two others, in what has been described as mafia-style incidents around disputed control of water, water utility corruption, and competition over service delivery.", "sources": [ "The Water Diplomat 2024", "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF20521", "Ngcobo 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Civilian and police reservist killed in clash at water point in Nakwamoru, Kenya", "date": "2024", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 2.125900000000000122923893286497332155704498291015625, "lng": 35.40520000000000067075234255753457546234130859375, "description": "Unknown gunmen shoot and kill a civilian during a raid at a watering point in Nakwamoru, Kenya, likely due to pastoral violence in the area. Afterwards, there is a clash between the unknown assailants and the National Police Reservists. A police reservist is killed. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN13551" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers puncture Palestinian-owned water containers in Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers in Hebron, Palestine, puncture Palestinian-owned water containers, dismantle a tent and cut down 20 olive trees.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE46365" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed group abducts water tanker driver in threat over water deliveries in Manipur, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.250800000000001688249540165998041629791259765625, "lng": 94.300700000000006184563972055912017822265625, "description": "Around 15 suspected armed Kuki assailants abduct a Muslim water tanker driver near Moreh town in Manipur, India, after he delivers water to Indian Reserve Battalion (IRB) police forces. The driver is released later the same day with a warning not to supply them with water again.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND149680" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian attacks on Ukrainian energy systems disrupt water supply in the city of Nikopol", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.61840000000000117097442853264510631561279296875, "lng": 34.485399999999998499333742074668407440185546875, "description": "Due to Russian attacks, an overhead power line is severed, the water supply station is cut off in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and disruptions in the water supply in the city of Nikopol are recorded. ", "sources": [ "Ukrainska Pravda 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Independent Electoral Commission official injured during demonstration over water shortages near Kamaqhekeza, South Africa", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.67060000000000030695446184836328029632568359375, "lng": 31.859899999999999664623828721232712268829345703125, "description": "Residents protest the lack of water and the poor state of roads in the village of Dludluma, near Kamaqhekeza, South Africa, assaulting and injuring an electoral commission official.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF20577" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Solar energy for water stations looted during clash in Babanussa, Sudan", "date": "2024", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 11.330600000000000449063009000383317470550537109375, "lng": 27.809799999999999187139110290445387363433837890625, "description": "Solar energy systems for water stations are looted during a battle between Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Babanussa, Sudan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD25940" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water offices and vehicles torched, two left injured during anti-government protest in Petit-Goave, Haiti", "date": "2024", "country": "Haiti", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.431200000000000471800376544706523418426513671875, "lng": -72.8652000000000015234036254696547985076904296875, "description": "Residents in Petit-Goave, Haiti, protest against Prime Minister Ariel Henry, burning tires and setting fire to the National Directorate of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DINEPA) office and two of its vehicles. Police intervene with firearms, injuring two demonstrators.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. HTI6808" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Locals injured by grenade blast during protest over contaminated water in Ah Htet Hpa Re, Myanmar", "date": "2024", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.830500000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "lng": 98.4210000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "description": "The Kachin Independence Army attacks villagers protesting water contamination from rare earth mineral mining in the village of Ah Htet Hpa Re, Myanmar. Two people are injured. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MMR58440" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water pipelines in Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.394200000000001438138497178442776203155517578125, "lng": 35.1364999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "description": "Israeli settler rioters destroy water pipelines and grape vine seedlings in Hebron, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE46851" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli drone strike damages water infrastructure in Al Wazzani, Lebanon", "date": "2024", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.27559999999999718056642450392246246337890625, "lng": 35.6227999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "Water infrastructure is damaged during an Israeli drone attacks in Al Wazzani, Lebanon.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN18342" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli drone strike targets Palestinians collecting water, killing 13 in Gaza, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.5086000000000012732925824820995330810546875, "lng": 34.44930000000000092086338554508984088897705078125, "description": "Israeli warplanes strike a group filling water jugs in Gaza City, Palestine, killing 13 Palestinians and injuring a number of others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SSD9689" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest over construction of the Kikar-Navgaon drinking water scheme injures police and guard in Himachal Pradesh, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.270499999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "lng": 76.9034999999999939745976007543504238128662109375, "description": "A demonstration against the Kikar-Navgaon drinking water scheme in a village in Himachal Pradesh, India results in seven policemen and one home guard being injured. Around 400 locals associated with the Ali Khud Bachao Sangarsh Samiti (Save the Ali River Tributary Struggle Committee) pelt stones and machinery at the police, claiming the scheme would deprive other areas of drinking water. The police and guard are injured when they try to stop protesters from entering the construction site of the water scheme.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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CHN14666" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed dispute over village water tank construction leaves six injured in Pachladi, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.4645000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "lng": 83.5388999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "description": "Two groups clash over alleged encroachment of land as a result of the construction of a water tank for public use in the village of Pachladi, India. Sticks, bricks and rods are used in the dispute, leaving six people injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Guards intervene with force, with a protester requiring hospital treatment for their injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM86273" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water pipeline and crops in Bethlehem, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.6741999999999990222931955941021442413330078125, "lng": 35.07719999999999771489456179551780223846435546875, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy a Palestinian-owned water pipeline and crops in Al Jabah in Bethlehem, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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The strike also damages houses, cars and a gas pipe. No casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS14965" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian airstrike disrupts water supply in Bilopillia, Ukraine", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 51.14829999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "lng": 34.30080000000000239879227592609822750091552734375, "description": "Russian forces carry out an airstrike on Bilopillia, Sumy. The strike damages a critical component of the city's water supply system, leading to water outages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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ESP16523" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike damages water and power networks in Tay Harfa, Lebanon", "date": "2024", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.128500000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "lng": 35.21920000000000072759576141834259033203125, "description": "Israeli warplanes strike Tayr Harfa, South Lebanon, targeting Hezbollah militants. The attack causes major damage to water and electricity networks.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN19586" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The Coastal Municipalities Water Utility headquarters and main water testing laboratory are destroyed by Israeli bombs", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.472899999999999209876477834768593311309814453125, "lng": 34.3995000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "The Coastal Municipalities Water Utility headquarters and main water testing laboratory are destroyed by Israeli bombs.", "sources": [ "Water and Development Partnership Programme 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gangs attack water and food deliveries in Haiti in power struggle", "date": "2024", "country": "Haiti", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.536300000000000665068000671453773975372314453125, "lng": -72.3464000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "In Haiti, gangs, including the \"G9\" gang, struggle for power and attack water and food deliveries causing severe shortages among Haiti's poorest.", "sources": [ "Buschschlüter 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian missile strike damages power plant, interrupting heat and water supply in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.2597999999999984765963745303452014923095703125, "lng": 24.629000000000001335820343228988349437713623046875, "description": "Russian forces carry out a missile strike on Burshtynska thermal power plant in the Ivano-Frankivsk region of Ukraine. The strike disrupts heat generation and hot water supply and injures an employee.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR153488" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia attacks the Dnipro Dam on World Water Day causing massive damage and power outages", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.4592999999999989313437254168093204498291015625, "lng": 35.038600000000002410160959698259830474853515625, "description": "Ukraine's largest dam, the Dnipro Dam, is attacked by Russia, causing massive damage and leading to extensive blackouts in Ukraine. This attack falls on World Water Day.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Women protesting the harmful impacts of mining are attacked, their campsites burned, and miners allegedly throw dynamite into their homes.", "sources": [ "Radwin 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Chinese hacking campaign gains access to major water, energy, and telecomm systems, including in US", "date": "2024", "country": "China, United States", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.2094000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "lng": -105.21899999999999408828443847596645355224609375, "description": "An ongoing Chinese hacking campaign known as Volt Typhoon successfully gains access to numerous US-based companies in telecommunications, energy, water, and other critical sectors, with 23 pipeline operators targeted.", "sources": [ "Bing 2024", "Phillis and Daly 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters who demand access to adequate drinking water services in Tabasco, Mexico, are attacked and beaten by security forces", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.98570000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "lng": -92.828000000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "description": "Residents of Dos Montes and La Palma, Tabasco, Mexico, block the Villahermosa-Macuspana highway demanding access to adequate drinking water services. 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Four people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK142006" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Seven injured during protest over water diversion in Damavand, Iran", "date": "2024", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.718400000000002592059900052845478057861328125, "lng": 52.06960000000000121644916362129151821136474609375, "description": "Residents of Aru, near Damavand, Iran, rally against plans to divert their spring water to other towns. Police clash with villagers. One civilian sustains a gunshot wound and six officers are injured as villagers throw stones. At least 15 protesters are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRN27696" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Myanmar troops injured in ambush while collecting water in Tilin Township, Myanmar", "date": "2024", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 21.69630000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "lng": 94.0926999999999935653249849565327167510986328125, "description": "Fighters from the People’s Defence Force (PDF) ambush Myanmar soldiers from the Yae Myet Ni police station in Tilin Township, Myanmar, while they fetch water. Two soldiers are injured after exchanging fire for around 15 minutes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MMR81575" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Settlers assault Palestinian and seize water containers in Ayn Samiya, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.98780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 35.33500000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "description": "Israeli settlers beat a Palestinian in Ayn Samiya, Palestine, and confiscate 15 tons of animal feed, water containers, and a vehicle.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE52065" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settler and military forces raid Qusra, Palestine, damaging Palestinian homes and water tanks and injuring two", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.08539999999999992041921359486877918243408203125, "lng": 35.3301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "Around 20 Israeli settlers, accompanied by Israeli forces, raid Qusra in West Bank, Palestine, throwing stones at Palestinian houses. 18 windows and a solar panel are destroyed, along with eight water tanks and a gate. Palestinians repel the attack, and both settlers and soldiers fire live rounds. Two Palestinians and one settler are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE52104" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "FAMa and Wagner kill 11 civilians and destroy water wells in Kidal, Mali", "date": "2024", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.109899999999999664623828721232712268829345703125, "lng": 1.6639999999999999236166559057892300188541412353515625, "description": "Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) and Wagner Group (Russian private military company) forces raid Teghayghayt and nearby Tin-Alamadja in the Kidal region of Mali. 11 civilians are killed. They arrest residents, seize livestock, loot traders, and destroy water wells and satellite equipment.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI32535" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Regime fighters target civilian vehicle and water tank with guided missile in Idlib, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.03509999999999990905052982270717620849609375, "lng": 36.83760000000000189857018995098769664764404296875, "description": "Regime forces fire a guided missile near Maaret Al Naasan in northern Idlib, Syria. A civilian vehicle and a water tank are struck, causing material damage but no casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR128466" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pro-Iran militias shell water station in Deir ez-Zor, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.4234000000000008867573342286050319671630859375, "lng": 40.091599999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "Local pro-Iranian militia members shell a water station in Sfireh Tahtani, rural Deir ez-Zor, Syria. The station burns but no casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR128504" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests erupt during World Water Forum events in Denpasar, Indonesia", "date": "2024", "country": "Indonesia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -8.6500000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "lng": 115.2169999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "description": "Members of the Bali Community Joint Alliance demonstrate at the World Water Forum in Denpasar, Indonesia, opposing the event as unrepresentative of local needs. They seize banners and violently clash with several forum participants. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IDN16938" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "BLF ambush in Kech District, Pakistan, targets military vehicles, including water tanker", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.025800000000000267164068645797669887542724609375, "lng": 63.7177999999999968849806464277207851409912109375, "description": "Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF) militants ambush four military vehicles, including a water tanker, in Kech District, Pakistan. The BLF claims five soldiers were killed and several injured. Vehicles sustain heavy damage.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK142028" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clashes between police and protesters over lack of water service in Ixtaczoquitlan, Mexico", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.860600000000001585931386216543614864349365234375, "lng": -97.0621000000000009322320693172514438629150390625, "description": "Residents of Ixtaczoquitlan, Mexico, clash with police during a demonstration over water supply issues. The protesters throw stones at the city hall, break windows and torch a palm tree as well as a parked vehicle. Police attack the protesters with stones, sticks and broken flower pots. Powder from fire extinguishers is discharged and police allegedly administer slaps, shoves and blows to disperse the crowd.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX87856", "Castillo 2024", "Castukki 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Altamira, Mexico, attempt to lynch suspected water thieves", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.391600000000000392219590139575302600860595703125, "lng": -97.936700000000001864464138634502887725830078125, "description": "Residents of Altamira, Mexico, detain three people accused of water theft in an apartment building. They begin destroying their vehicle in an attempted lynching. The suspects flee the scene.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX88615" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers assault deputy mayor and Palestinian workers installing water pipelines in Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.515899999999998470912032644264400005340576171875, "lng": 35.1638999999999981582732289098203182220458984375, "description": "Israeli settlers attack Palestinian municipality workers and the Bani Naim deputy mayor in Hebron, Palestine, while water pipelines are being installed. The deputy mayor is hospitalized.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE54092" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Maphou Dam in India is mined with explosive devices", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.823699999999998766497810720466077327728271484375, "lng": 94.1415999999999968395059113390743732452392578125, "description": "The Indian Army finds three improvised explosive devices (IEDs) near Maphou Dam, Imphal East district, India. The bombs are defused.", "sources": [ "Bordloi 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian missile strike in Belgorod, Russia, injures civilians and damages water, gas, and electric lines", "date": "2024", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.42909999999999826059138285927474498748779296875, "lng": 36.989699999999999135980033315718173980712890625, "description": "Ukrainian forces fire five missiles in Belgorod, Russia. Three civilians are injured. Homes, cars, as well as electricity, gas, and water infrastructure are also damaged.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS17302" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF shuts down water supply in North Darfur, Sudan, after clashes between RSF and SAF", "date": "2024", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied Arab militias battle Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) near Khazan Golo in North Darfur, Sudan. RSF captures the reservoir and closes water pipes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD28100" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Councilor severely injured by landmine while repairing water supply in El Plateado, Colombia", "date": "2024", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.46379999999999999005240169935859739780426025390625, "lng": -77.235600000000005138645065017044544219970703125, "description": "A local councilor from the Liberal Party is gravely injured by a landmine in El Plateado, Colombia. The device, allegedly planted by the Carlos Patino Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) dissidents, explodes while he attempts to connect water for residents. The victim loses a leg to amputation after the explosion.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. COL27191" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF commander injured as SAF reclaims control of reservoir in Khazan Golo, Sudan", "date": "2024", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), with the support of Darfur Joint Forces (JSAMF), launches airstrikes and retakes Khazan Golo water reservoir from Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Water pipes are reopened. An RSF commander is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD28112" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "JNIM militants destroy water well near livestock market in Kantchari, Burkina Faso", "date": "2024", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.4756000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "lng": 1.511600000000000054711790653527714312076568603515625, "description": "JNIM (Salafi-jihadist group) militants detonate explosives at a water well near a livestock market in Kantchari, Burkina Faso. The well is destroyed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BFO12111" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli artillery shells strike water container in Gaza Strip, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.2854999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 34.271399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "Israeli artillery shells strike a water container in the Musabbah area north of Rafah, Gaza Strip, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE53505" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian forces hit Ochakiv, Ukraine, with incendiary weapon; water supply disrupted", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.61280000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 31.549800000000001176658770418725907802581787109375, "description": "Russian forces carry out a strike on Ochakiv, Ukraine, using an unidentified incendiary weapon. The attack sparks fires and disrupts water services. Casualties unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR179467" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water pipelines in Ayn Samiya, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.98780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 35.33500000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "description": "Israeli settlers damage and destroy Palestinian-owned water pipelines in Ayn Samiya, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE54213" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Karnataka politicians protest Hemavathi River “Express Canal” diversion project and clash with police in Tumakuru, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.3359000000000005314859663485549390316009521484375, "lng": 76.8863000000000056388671509921550750732421875, "description": "Members of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), and the Janata Dal (Secular, or the People's Party (JD(S)), including a former minister and Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), protest in front of the Home Minister’s residence in Gollahalli, India, in opposition of the Hemavathi river “Express Canal” diversion project. Police disperse demonstrators with baton charges, causing minor injuries and arrests, including of legislators. Indian National Congress (INC) members hold a counter-protest at the site.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND159195" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dispute over water sparks deadly clash between Kuchi groups in Shaykhabad, Afghanistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.0870000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "lng": 68.7563999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "description": "Two armed Kuchi groups clash in Shaykhabad, Afghanistan, in a dispute over water. One person is killed and another is seriously injured after a gunman opens fire.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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MLI32632" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia attacks Dnipro Dam again", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.86840000000000117097442853264510631561279296875, "lng": 35.08899999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "In another attempt to destroy Ukrainian energy and water systems, Russia launches another attack on the Dnipro Hydroelectric Power plant near Zaporizhzhia.", "sources": [ "Macalpine 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents of Ludhiana, India, protest for two days over water shortages and assault municipal worker", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.91199999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "lng": 75.8537000000000034560798667371273040771484375, "description": "Residents in Ludhiana, India, demonstrate against water shortages for two days. During the rally, protesters burn an effigy and assault a municipal employee.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND158620, IND158621" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Syrian rebel group attacks and abducts farmer over failed water delivery in northwestern Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.67699999999999960209606797434389591217041015625, "lng": 36.66449999999999675992512493394315242767333984375, "description": "Armed militants from the 9th Division, a Syrian rebel group, accost and attack a farmer in Kura village in northwestern Aleppo, Syria, after accusing him of failing to deliver water to the group's headquarters. They abduct the victim, whose whereabouts remain unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR128609" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on the Golo water reservoir in North Darfur", "date": "2024", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.6259999999999994457766661071218550205230712890625, "lng": 25.252500000000001278976924368180334568023681640625, "description": "On May 26, the paramitary group Rapid Support Forces (RSF) attack and occupy the Golo water reservoir, in El Fasher, North Darfur, a critical resource for an estimated 270,000 people, but the army and allied groups retake it the next day.", "sources": [ "Sudan Tribune 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Qush Tepa canal project employees killed in office attack in Sheberghan, Afghanistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.66760000000000019326762412674725055694580078125, "lng": 65.7528999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "description": "Gunmen kill an engineer and a cleaner working for a private contractor in Sheberghan, Afghanistan. Although linked to the Qush Tepa canal project, the Taliban claims the victims were not involved.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. AFG67949" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unknown assailants open fire at herders near water point in Bambo, Kenya, amid inter-clan fighting", "date": "2024", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.52559999999999984510168360429815948009490966796875, "lng": 40.97070000000000078443918027915060520172119140625, "description": "Unidentified ethnic militia open fire at two herders near a water point in Bambo, Kenya. Police and reservists intervene, killing two of the attackers while the rest of the group manage to escape. The violence occurs amid ongoing Degodia–Murule clan disputes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN14552", "Yahya 2023" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Malian soldiers kill pastoralist and livestock near Segou irrigation canals", "date": "2024", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.8789999999999995594635038287378847599029541015625, "lng": -5.68599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "description": "Soldiers taking exams in Kolongo Tomo, Mali, open fire on pastoralists and cattle near irrigation canals. One pastoralist is killed and livestock is slaughtered.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI32923" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water and electricity infrastructure damaged in Ukrainian attacks on 10 locations in Belgorodsky, Russia", "date": "2024", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.61070000000000135287336888723075389862060546875, "lng": 36.58019999999999782858139951713383197784423828125, "description": "Ukrainian forces attack 10 locations in Belgorodsky, Russia, using drones, mortar and (likely) missiles. The attacks damage water and electricity lines, two apartment buildings, six outbuildings and eight cars.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS17624, RUS17640, RUS17642, RUS17649, RUS17654, RUS17656, RUS17661, RUS17662, RUS17664, RUS17667, RUS1" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike injures civilians and damages water and power networks in Wadi Jilo, Lebanon", "date": "2024", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.2436000000000007048583938740193843841552734375, "lng": 35.3044000000000011141310096718370914459228515625, "description": "Israeli warplanes strike a house in Wadi Jilo, South Lebanon, amid clashes with Hezbollah. The strike causes severe damage to water and electricity networks. Four civilians are injured, and two Civil Defense workers are hurt while extinguishing a fire. Israel claims it targeted Hezbollah infrastructure.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN21763" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water-management facility in Gaza is attacked, damaging the plant and killing the town's mayor", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.474399999999999266719896695576608180999755859375, "lng": 34.39970000000000283080225926823914051055908203125, "description": "Air strikes by Israel hit a water-management facility serving Nuseirat municipality in Gaza, damaging the plant and killing the town's mayor who was in the plant at the time. ", "sources": [ "Nishin 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Environmental and water rights activist kidnapped in Villa Madero, Mexico", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 19.392099999999999226929503493010997772216796875, "lng": -101.2780000000000057980287238024175167083740234375, "description": "Unidentified assailants abduct an environmental activist from El Zangarro community in Villa Madero, Mexico. The activist is known for defending forests and water access in an area dominated by avocado and berry orchards. He is rescued alive two days later.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX88846" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Castilla residents clash with authorities over removal of sewage water pump in Piura, Peru", "date": "2024", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.22660000000000035669245335157029330730438232421875, "lng": -80.6157999999999930196281638927757740020751953125, "description": "Residents of the 28 de Julio settlement in Castilla, Piura, Peru, clash with local police and administrators who attempt to remove a water pump. Locals say the pump is needed to clear sewage flooding after a system collapse.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PER9862" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian shelling and drone strikes damage water pipeline in Chuhuiv, Ukraine", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.83590000000000230784280574880540370941162109375, "lng": 36.6880000000000023874235921539366245269775390625, "description": "Russian forces carry out drone and missile strikes on Chuhuiv, in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, damaging medical and residential buildings and a water pipeline.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR162823" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent riots erupt in the central Algerian city of Tiaret as taps run dry and people are forced to queue up for water", "date": "2024", "country": "Algeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 35.37559999999999860165189602412283420562744140625, "lng": 1.3219399999999998929212097209529019892215728759765625, "description": "Violent riots erupt in the central Algerian city of Tiaret as taps run dry and people are forced to queue up for water. The region is plagued by extreme heat, and local reservoirs are drying up as temperatures rise and rain diminishes.", "sources": [ "Water, Peace, and Security Partnership 2024", "Associated Press 2024a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militant killed in firefight after water dispute in Kathua district, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.51180000000000092086338554508984088897705078125, "lng": 75.2479000000000013415046851150691509246826171875, "description": "Militants infiltrating from across the border open fire at civilians who denied them water and clash with police in Kathua district, India. One militant is killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND159596" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man killed in Chitrakoot, India, in dispute over fetching water", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.17150000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 81.23799999999999954525264911353588104248046875, "description": "Three men, reportedly linked to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), assault and kill a man in the village of Lauri, in Chitrakoot, India. The victim, believed to be Dalit, is attacked and killed after failing to fetch water quickly. The assailants also shout casteist insults.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND159702" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents in Jharkhand, India, tie public health contractor to pole during protest over water supply", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.14320000000000021600499167107045650482177734375, "lng": 86.314199999999999590727384202182292938232421875, "description": "Giridih residents in Jharkhand, India, demonstrate against the irregular water supply. During the protest, they tie a Public Health Engineering Department contractor to a pole for over an hour. The contractor is released after an executive engineer promises improvements.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND160222" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two PHED officials held hostage during water shortage protest in Hisar, India ", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.295300000000001006128513836301863193511962890625, "lng": 76.0208999999999974761522025801241397857666015625, "description": "Residents of Dhad village in Hisar, India, stage a protest over water shortages. Demonstrators take two Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) officials as hostages and force them to sit in the sun until their concerns are acknowledged.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND160225" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over water access injures three in Najafgarhi, India ", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.582699999999999107558323885314166545867919921875, "lng": 76.93680000000000518411980010569095611572265625, "description": "Members of two communities clash in Najafgarh, India, over who would fetch water first from a shared tap. Three people are seriously injured in the fight.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND159709" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water well and block roads in Salfit, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.1084000000000031604940886609256267547607421875, "lng": 35.23780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy a Palestinian-owned water well and agricultural walls in Salfit, Palestine. They also block roads used by farm vehicles.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE53270, PSE53276" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four Sudanese refugees attacked while fetching water near refugee camp in Metema woreda, Ethiopia", "date": "2024", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.6302000000000003154809746774844825267791748046875, "lng": 36.6109000000000008867573342286050319671630859375, "description": "Unidentified gunmen assault four Sudanese refugees while collecting drinking water near the Awlala Akushara camp in Metema woreda, in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The victims are seriously injured in the attack and are hospitalized for severe blood loss.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. ETH12971" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest against company over contaminating and looting water supplies in Veracruz, Mexico, turns deadly", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.50189999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "lng": -97.347499999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Residents and farmers in San Antonio Limón, Veracruz, Mexico, rally against a company accused of polluting aquifers and stealing large volumes of water. Police move to disperse the crowd and gunfire is reported. Authorities confirm two deaths, with farmer groups claiming three, and multiple people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX88135" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers protesting extreme water use by a US agribusiness in Mexico are fired upon by police, killing two", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.501799999999999357669366872869431972503662109375, "lng": -97.3506000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Two farmers protesting extreme water use and groundwater contamination caused by a Carroll Farms feed plant in Totalco, Veracruz, Mexico are killed by police during a large community protest.", "sources": [ "Bacon 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Woman and son assaulted in Bareilly, India, after drinking from a water tap", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.29169999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 79.3876000000000061618266045115888118743896484375, "description": "In Chaubari village in Bareilly, India, a group attacks a woman and her son, likely from the Dalit community, after the young man attempts to drink from a field tap. The assailants use caste-based slurs and tear the woman's clothes.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND160921" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest erupts in Meerut, India, after three killed in farm irrigation dispute", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.921800000000001062971932697109878063201904296875, "lng": 77.4769000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "Relatives and residents block the Muradnagar–Ganganahar bridge in Meerut, India, protesting the recent shooting deaths of three people in a farm irrigation dispute.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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At the same time, Delhi Water Minister Atishi launches a fast alleging Haryana is failing to release Delhi's rightful share of water in Yamuna, and the BJP is ramping up protests over water shortages and the black marketing of water in Delhi.", "sources": [ "India Today Video 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six injured in clash over distribution of agricultural irrigation water in Tando Muhammad Khan, Pakistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.967800000000000437694325228221714496612548828125, "lng": 68.6770999999999958163243718445301055908203125, "description": "Members of the Lashari and Nizamani groups fight in Shah Bukhsh Lashari village in Tando Muhammad Khan District, Pakistan, during a dispute over farm water allocation. Six people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK143103" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian strike in Belgorod, Russia, damages water supply system", "date": "2024", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.94420000000000214868123293854296207427978515625, "lng": 35.39229999999999876081346883438527584075927734375, "description": "Ukrainian forces carry out a drone strike and shell two sites in the Krasnoyaruzhskiy district in Belgorod, Russia. During the attack, part of a water supply system is damaged.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS18645" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Father and son shot dead following irrigation dispute in Modinagar, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.838200000000000500222085975110530853271484375, "lng": 77.57720000000000482032191939651966094970703125, "description": "A father and his two sons are shot following a dispute over irrigation water in Modinagar, India. The argument began over the family’s use of water for their mango orchard. Although the dispute was reportedly resolved, the attackers later opened fire on the victims, killing the father and one son and injuring the other. The assailants then threw the bodies of the deceased into a canal before fleeing the scene.", "sources": [ "Hindustan 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mass protest over irrigation water access and power outages injures 15 in Babil, Iraq", "date": "2024", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.32600000000000051159076974727213382720947265625, "lng": 44.9166000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "Around 1,500 residents rally on the Baghdad–Basrah highway in Babil, Iraq, to protest the cutting off of irrigation water to farmland, power outages, and the drying up of rivers. Security forces arrest about 20 people and injure 15 while dispersing the demonstration.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ56474" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters detain mayor and block highway over pork producer's water use in San Antonio Limon, Mexico", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.50189999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "lng": -97.347499999999996589394868351519107818603515625, "description": "Residents and farmers in San Antonio Limon, Mexico, detain the mayor during a fourth consecutive day of protests against pork production company 'Granjas Carroll' and its use of water from sources along the Veracruz-Puebla border. Members of the Movement in Defense of the Water of the Free-Eastern Basin block a highway with stones, banners and vehicles, demanding justice for two farmers killed during clashes at a protest last week.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX89389" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water suppliers protest pump removals that cut off water supply in Mandi Buchiana, Pakistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.42099999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "lng": 73.560599999999993769961292855441570281982421875, "description": "Water suppliers in the town of Mandi Buchiana in Punjab, Pakistan, demonstrate against the irrigation department’s dismantling of canal-side pumps, which they say cut residents’ water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK143030" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers torch Palestinian water tank in West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.01440000000000196678229258395731449127197265625, "lng": 35.30239999999999866986399865709245204925537109375, "description": "Israeli settlers riot and set fire to a Palestinian-owned water tank in Ramallah and Al Bireh, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE54715" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents brawl and riot over water shortages in Garcia, Mexico", "date": "2024", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.80160000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "lng": -100.5870000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "Residents of Garcia, Mexico, close a road and protest water shortages in the Paseo de Capellanía, Riberas, and Bugambilias neighborhoods which have reportedly lasted more than a week. The protest turns violent when cars begin to drive through the blockade, leading to brawling and rioting. ", "sources": [ "Estrada 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dispute over water use between fishers and farmers kills one and injures three in Maga, Cameroon", "date": "2024", "country": "Cameroon", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 10.8434000000000008157030606525950133800506591796875, "lng": 14.9396000000000004348521542851813137531280517578125, "description": "Fishers and rice farmers in Maga, Cameroon, fight after fishers divert water from a rice field to their channels. The clash kills one farmer and injures three fishers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Four employees are left injured and three perpetrators are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ56558, IRQ56542" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cantonment Board councilor fatally shot in Karachi, Pakistan; attack possibly linked to water supply dispute", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.8068999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "lng": 67.1477000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "description": "Unidentified gunmen on a motorcycle shoot dead an elected Cantonment Board councilor and injure his brother in a targeted attack in Karachi, Pakistan. The killing is thought to be related to a personal enmity or action he took against people disrupting water supply in his area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK143132" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "10 Palestinians killed while filling water near mosque in Gaza City, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.49640000000000128466126625426113605499267578125, "lng": 34.45219999999999771489456179551780223846435546875, "description": "10 Palestinians are killed, likely by Israeli artillery shelling, while filling water near the Al Shamaa mosque, Gaza City, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE55116" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settler damages pipeline supplying water to more than 30 homes in Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.425399999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "lng": 35.1957000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "description": "An Israeli settler damages a pipeline supplying water to more than 30 homes in Hebron, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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DRC33071" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters shut water valves at Morbe Dam, cutting water supply to the city of Navi Mumbai, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 18.911699999999999732835931354202330112457275390625, "lng": 73.2426999999999992496668710373342037200927734375, "description": "Villagers from multiple communities in Maharashtra, India, force entry into the Morbe Dam premises. During the demonstration, they close valves to cut off the water supply to Navi Mumbai. The action is part of a protest over compensation and employment.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND161293" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suicide drones target water truck on Afes axis in Idlib, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.90639999999999787405613460578024387359619140625, "lng": 36.80449999999999732835931354202330112457275390625, "description": "Regime forces in Syria launch four suicide drones along the Afes axis in rural Idlib, hitting civilian and rebel positions. One drone targets a water truck, and another drone is shot down by rebels.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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NIG38060, NIG37525" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Eleven are hospitalized after clashes between ethnic Tajiks in Afghanistan and the Taliban over the Qosh Tepa Canal project", "date": "2024", "country": "Afghanistan ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 37.069400000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "lng": 67.5494000000000056616045185364782810211181640625, "description": "On July 7, 2024, 11 people are reportedly hospitalized after protests against the Qost Tepa Canal project. The clash took place between ethnic Tajiks in Afghanistan and Taliban leaders near the Qosh Tepa Canal.", "sources": [ "Goble 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four killed and eight injured in clash over Indian government water distribution in Shri Hargobindpur", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.69109999999999871533873374573886394500732421875, "lng": 75.4728999999999956571627990342676639556884765625, "description": "Rival groups fight with weapons in the town of Shri Hargobindpur, India, during a dispute over the distribution of government-supplied water. Four people are killed and eight injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND161897" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water valves that supply villages in West Bank, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.27559999999999718056642450392246246337890625, "lng": 35.198700000000002319211489520967006683349609375, "description": "Israeli settlers damage main water valves in Sabastiyah, West Bank, which supply nearby Palestinian villages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE55746" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Abducted Water and Sanitation deputy director found dead in Pretoria, South Africa", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -25.744900000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "lng": 28.187799999999999300825948012061417102813720703125, "description": "The deputy director of the Water and Sanitation Department in Pretoria, South Africa, is carjacked and abducted by unknown assailants. Police trace the vehicle to Johannesburg and arrest a 53 year old suspect. The victim is later found dead.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF21593", "Mlangeni 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Settlers under protection of Israeli forces destroy main water pipelines in Umm al Khayr, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.425399999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "lng": 35.1957000000000022055246517993509769439697265625, "description": "While under protection of Israeli forces, Israeli settlers destroy pipelines that supply water to houses in the village of Umm al Khayr in West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Demonstrators torch a signboard and hurl rocks at a truck that forced its way past the roadblock. Police disperse the crowd with rubber bullets and tear gas.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF21603" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian airstrikes hit water station in Idlib, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.754199999999997316990629769861698150634765625, "lng": 36.2830000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "description": "Russian aircraft strike the town of Upper Sheikh Sindyan and a water station in the Idlib countryside. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR130108" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian drone strike on Kherson, Ukraine, damages water facility and injures two", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.679900000000003501554601825773715972900390625, "lng": 32.69250000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Russian forces carry out a drone strike on a rural settlement in Kherson, Ukraine, damaging a water supply facility and injuring two civilians.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR166239" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Neighbors kill farmer with axe over construction of water channel in Gujarat, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 21.407000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "lng": 71.62860000000000582076609134674072265625, "description": "Neighbors attack and kill a farmer with an axe in Ranigam village in Gujarat, India, during an argument over building a water channel on his farmland.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND162309" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "BLA militants destroy water supply machinery near a military camp in Balochistan, Pakistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.421099999999999141664375201798975467681884765625, "lng": 62.8977000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "description": "Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) militants open fire near a military camp in Zamuran Tehsil in Balochistan, Pakistan. They destroy machinery and solar systems used for water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK143579" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Cyclists attacked in Saintes, France, en route to anti-megabasin rally", "date": "2024", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 45.74210000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "lng": -0.63000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125, "description": "Five assailants attack a group of cyclists on a farm in Saintes, Charente-Maritime, France, on their way to protest against megabasins in the \"Water Village\" in Melle. The attackers assault one demonstrator and throw themselves on a tent with a 68 year old woman inside. They also steal bikes and puncture car tires. Victims say they were attacked due to differences in ideology.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. FRA34746" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Students in Analamanga, Madagascar, protest water and power shortages with road barricades; one injured", "date": "2024", "country": "Madagascar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -18.9198999999999983856469043530523777008056640625, "lng": 47.53790000000000048885340220294892787933349609375, "description": "Students in Antananarivo, Madagascar, block roads with burning tires to demand improved water and electricity services and infrastructure. Police disperse the crowd with tear gas; one student is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MAG3792" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water shortage protest in Mirgund, India, leads to clashes and injuries", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 34.135300000000000864019966684281826019287109375, "lng": 74.6620999999999952478901832364499568939208984375, "description": "Demonstrators in Mirgund, India, block a road over drinking water shortages and clash with police and security staff. Two security officers are injured and a vehicle is damaged. Police fire shots in the air to disperse the crowd.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND162012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One person injured as Moruleng residents protest for water in North West, South Africa", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.175000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "lng": 27.178799999999998959765434847213327884674072265625, "description": "Residents in Moruleng village in North West, South Africa, protest to demand access to water from the municipality. Witnesses say a protester is injured after falling from a truck amid disputed accounts of whether the driver tried to run over the crowd.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF21739" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man stabbed to death after dispute over water point in Bura, Kenya", "date": "2024", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -0.5122999999999999776179038235568441450595855712890625, "lng": 38.8299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "description": "Unidentified attackers fatally stab a man in Bura, Kenya, following a suspected dispute over control of a local water source.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN15092" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water meters during mass raid on Kifil Haris, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.11829999999999785131876706145703792572021484375, "lng": 35.1572000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "Thousands of Israeli settlers raid Kifil Haris, Palestine, to perform prayers in disputed shrines. They throw stones at Palestinian houses, destroy several water meters and attempt to set fire to a vehicle.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE56421" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three dead and water distribution systems destroyed during clash between military and PDFs in Sagaing, Myanmar", "date": "2024", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 22.050999999999998379962562466971576213836669921875, "lng": 96.016199999999997771737980656325817108154296875, "description": "More than 100 security forces, including military soldiers and police, open fire on local People's Defence Force (PDF) vehicles arriving to the Min Kun village in the Sagaing region of Myanmar. Three people are killed, including a police officer and a Pyu Saw Htee. An airstrike by the security forces ensues. They set fire to multiple buildings and destroy the water distribution system and electricity lines and hinder firefighting. Mu Airstrikes and arson follow, burning shops and homes; flames spread to Mya Thein Tan pagoda. Multiple residents, including a Buddhist monk and teacher are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MMR65130" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Dispute over water pump distribution leads to hospitalization in Bhadrapur, Nepal", "date": "2024", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.544000000000000483169060316868126392364501953125, "lng": 88.0943999999999931560523691587150096893310546875, "description": "During a ward meeting in Bhadrapur, Nepal, a Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) ward member assaults the ward secretary amid arguments over allocating water pumps. The secretary is hospitalized for their injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NEP24613" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two injured by gunfire during protest in KwaDukuza, South Africa, over lack of water services", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -29.328199999999998937028067302890121936798095703125, "lng": 31.289500000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "description": "Residents of KwaDukuza, South Africa, protest outside the ward councilor’s home over the lack of water services. Demonstrators throw stones and try to force the gate. Bodyguards fire live rounds, injuring two protesters - one in the ankle and one in the shoulder.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF21784" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters threaten self-immolation over lake encroachment clearance in Chennai, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.0877999999999996560973158921115100383758544921875, "lng": 80.278400000000004865796654485166072845458984375, "description": "Several residents threaten to set themselves on fire during a protest against the Water Resources Department’s drive to clear structures encroaching on Retteri Lake in Chennai, India. The protesters strongly oppose the court-ordered clearance, which is part of a plan to transform the lake into a source of drinking water. Police officers intervene to prevent self-immolation.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE59666" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police officer injured in violent protest over lack of potable water and poor sanitation in Jalandhar, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 31.325500000000001676880856393836438655853271484375, "lng": 75.5790999999999968395059113390743732452392578125, "description": "A police officer is injured during a protest at the Jalandhar Municipal Corporation office, condemning them for their failure to provide clean drinking water or resolve ongoing problems with sewerage and drainage systems. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Police intervene by hitting and kicking the protesters, and use a water cannon and tear gas to disperse them. One student sustains a gunshot wound and another student is injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN15787" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on energy systems in Sumy, Ukraine cut water supplies", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.90990000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "lng": 34.7933000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "description": "Attacks on energy systems in Sumy, Ukraine cut water supplies.", "sources": [ "ANTIKOR 2024c", "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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COL28701" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike targets water station in Nasriyeh, Lebanon", "date": "2024", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.7657999999999987039700499735772609710693359375, "lng": 35.86529999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "description": "Israeli warplanes strike a water station in Nasriyeh, Lebanon, amid ongoing hostilities with Hezbollah. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN24508" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police fire shots at protest over water shortage in Boane, Mozambique", "date": "2024", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.042300000000000892441676114685833454132080078125, "lng": 32.33019999999999782858139951713383197784423828125, "description": "Residents in Boane, Mozambique, block a road over water and power shortages. Police intervene with dogs and fire shots. 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Locals report that water is sometimes available only at night, forcing people to make the journey in darkness and leaving them vulnerable to attack.", "sources": [ "Chiguvare 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 30 injured in BNP factional clash over water body in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh", "date": "2024", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.32379999999999853343979339115321636199951171875, "lng": 90.9620000000000032969182939268648624420166015625, "description": "Rival Bangladesh National Party (BNP) groups clash in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh, over control of a local water body, injuring at least 30 people.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SYR134074" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A series of Russian missile attacks on the water systems of Donbas region of Ukraine cut water supplies to 260,000 people", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.05019999999999669171302230097353458404541015625, "lng": 37.9977999999999980218490236438810825347900390625, "description": "Russian forces cause significant damage to two water facilities of the Donbas region of Ukraine, cutting water to Slovyansk, Kramatorsk, Druzhkivka, Kostyantynivka, and surrounding settlements affecting access for 260,000 people.", "sources": [ "ANTIKOR 2024d" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Activist shot after accusing Nkomazi officials of sabotaging village water in Schoemansdal, South Africa", "date": "2024", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -25.708600000000000562749846721999347209930419921875, "lng": 31.510200000000001097077984013594686985015869140625, "description": "An unidentified gunman shoots and injures a community activist outside his home in Schoemansdal, South Africa. 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KEN16012" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Booby-trapped water tower kills three civilians in Inakarot, Mali", "date": "2024", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.95530000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "lng": 2.47750000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "description": "An improvised explosive device planted on a water tower generator detonates in Inakarot, Mali, killing three civilians and injuring one.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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YEM92490" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Fano claims attack on water tank at Ethiopian Defense Force camp in Amhara, Ethiopia", "date": "2024", "country": "Ethiopia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 10.9736999999999991217691786005161702632904052734375, "lng": 37.46820000000000305817593471147119998931884765625, "description": "Fano (Amhara-based militia group) claims to have shelled a water tank at an Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) camp in Birsheleko, in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The group says seven soldiers were killed (figures unverified) in the attack and many wounded.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. ETH13795" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli strike kills eight at water filling station in Rafah, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.2854999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": 34.271399999999999863575794734060764312744140625, "description": "An Israeli drone strikes Palestinians at a water filling station in Rafah, Palestine, killing eight and injuring others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE60939" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tribal and Clan Forces attacks QSD water station in Deir ez-Zor, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.17450000000000187583282240666449069976806640625, "lng": 40.43719999999999714646037318743765354156494140625, "description": "Tribal and Clan Forces attacks a Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) water station in the Deir ez-Zor countryside, Syria, sparking armed clashes. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR134319" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Journalists investigating reports of contaminated water assaulted at water treatment company in Udayapur, Nepal", "date": "2024", "country": "Nepal", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 26.79189999999999827196006663143634796142578125, "lng": 86.6989999999999980673237587325274944305419921875, "description": "Two journalists investigating reports of contaminated water at a water treatment company in Udayapur, Nepal, are assaulted by a group while collecting samples. The group is led by the company's owner.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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GHA2360" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water pipelines near As Sawahira ash Sharqiya, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.732099999999999084820956340990960597991943359375, "lng": 35.27029999999999887450030655600130558013916015625, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy water pipelines that serve Bedouin communities near the town of As Sawahira ash Sharqiya, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Four civilians are injured and a water supply system is damaged.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR189657" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrike targets water supply point in Beit Lahiya, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.55409999999999826059138285927474498748779296875, "lng": 34.50160000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "description": "An Israeli airstrike in Beit Lahiya, Palestine, targets a water supply point. A school is also struck, and an area outside of a hospital is shelled. At least 11 people are killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Four members of the Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR134938" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Grenade attack on irrigation office wounds two in Khuzdar, Pakistan", "date": "2024", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 27.738299999999998846078597125597298145294189453125, "lng": 66.6432999999999964302332955412566661834716796875, "description": "Unidentified militants throw a hand grenade at the irrigation department office in Khuzdar, Pakistan, injuring two people. The attackers flee the scene.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SUD30857" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water tanks in Hebron, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.464999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "lng": 35.15780000000000171667124959640204906463623046875, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy water tanks on Palestinian-owned land in the Umm Sarara area of Hebron, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE62460" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply facility damaged in Ukrainian strikes on Valuyskiy, Russia", "date": "2024", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.0876999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "lng": 37.90650000000000119371179607696831226348876953125, "description": "A water supply facility building is damaged following Ukrainian drone strikes and shelling across the Valuyskiy district of Russia, including the villages of Dolgoe, Kukuevka and Nizhniye Melnitsy. There are no casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS25624, RUS25700, RUS25746" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Malian drone strike hits civilian vehicle carrying water tank in Kidal, Mali", "date": "2024", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 17.82770000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "lng": 1.866400000000000058975047068088315427303314208984375, "description": "The Malian Air Force conducts a drone strike on a civilian vehicle carrying a water tank in the village of In Tebezas in Kidal, Mali. The vehicle is left slightly damaged and there are no casualties. JNIM (Salafi-jihadist group) condemns the attack. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI33268" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protest over water shortages and power cuts injures two in Ambohibao, Madagascar", "date": "2024", "country": "Madagascar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -18.84530000000000171667124959640204906463623046875, "lng": 47.4748000000000018872015061788260936737060546875, "description": "Residents in Ambohibao, Madagascar, block roads and burn tires to protest water shortages and power cuts. Protesters throw stones at gendarmes who respond with tear gas. At least two people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MAG4037" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli forces launch airstrikes across Lebanon’s Tyr District; water networks damaged, one dead, five injured", "date": "2024", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.15140000000000242152964347042143344879150390625, "lng": 35.226100000000002410160959698259830474853515625, "description": "Israeli forces carry out airstrikes on multiple localities across Lebanon’s Tyr District, including Majdel Zoun, Rmadiyeh, El Bayada, Tayr Harfa, Jannata, Jouaiya and Maarakeh. The strikes damage water networks and other infrastructure, as well as property and crops. In Jouaiya, one person is killed and five others are injured. Casualties elsewhere are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN28442, LBN28444 , LBN28449, LBN28450, LBN28455, LBN28456, LBN28454" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed, seven injured in dispute over water entering fields in Gothana, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.216899999999998982502802391536533832550048828125, "lng": 78.49750000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Two groups fight with sticks in the village of Gothana, India, in a dispute over water entering fields. A school headmaster is killed and seven others are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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MAG4054" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling injures six and damages hospital water tanks in Beit Lahiya, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.55409999999999826059138285927474498748779296875, "lng": 34.50160000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "description": "Israeli forces shell Kamal Odwan Hospital in Beit Lahiya, Palestine, damaging water tanks and injuring six children.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE63036" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Airstrike targets drinking water facility in El Babliye, Lebanon", "date": "2024", "country": "Lebanon", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.42110000000000269437805400229990482330322265625, "lng": 35.3427999999999968849806464277207851409912109375, "description": "Israeli forces carry out an airstrike on a building used for drinking water in El Babliye, Lebanon. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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At least one farmer is beheaded. Islamic State (IS) claims responsibility for the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MZM4405" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage water pipelines in Massafer Yuta, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.44590000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.09440000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "description": "Israeli settlers from the Suseya settlement damage water pipelines on Palestinian land in Massafer Yuta, West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Two people are killed, including the deputy mayor of Burj al-Chemali, and two others are injured in the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. LBN30421" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five killed, eight injured in clan dispute over water sources in Jalalaqsi, Somalia", "date": "2024", "country": "Somalia", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.567600000000000104449782156734727323055267333984375, "lng": 45.96560000000000201225702767260372638702392578125, "description": "Militias from Hawadle and Abgal clans clash between the villages of Ceelhareeri and Tarda, Hiiraan, Somalia over use of water sources and grazing pastures. Five people are killed and eight are left injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SOM47172" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Eight villages left without water following Ukrainian drone attacks on substation in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine", "date": "2024", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.27239999999999753299562144093215465545654296875, "lng": 35.22240000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "description": "Ukrainian forces launch drone attacks on the \"Fregat\" transformer substation in the occupied village of Mykhailivka in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. The attack destroys high-voltage electrical equipment, leaving eight villages without electricity and water. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SYR136756" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Hundreds occupy Ancipa dam in Troina, Sicily, to block supply diversion amid shortages", "date": "2024", "country": "Italy", "conflictType": "Trigger, Weapon", "lat": 37.78620000000000089812601800076663494110107421875, "lng": 14.59740000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "description": "Hundreds of people, including residents and local mayors, occupy the water distribution facilities of Lake Ancipa dam in Troina, Sicily, for three days and attempt to block a pipeline supplying Caltanissetta and San Cataldo. The protest is led by the mayors of Troina, Nicosia, Sperlinga, Gagliano Castelferrato and Cerami, whose municipalities rely solely on the Ancipa reservoir for their water supply. The action is sparked by a decision of the regional water emergency control room to restore water exclusively to Caltanissetta and San Cataldo after failures were discovered in their usual well systems, leaving the five municipalities dependent on the dam at risk of severe shortages. The company managing the dam later reports the protesters to the Troina Carabinieri.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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BGD29562", "Prothomalo 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers attack Palestinians installing water pipelines in Umm Safa, Palestine, injuring three", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.0088999999999970214048516936600208282470703125, "lng": 35.16460000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "description": "Israeli settlers open fire on Palestinians and beat workers installing water pipelines in Umm Safa in West Bank, Palestine, leaving three people injured. Israeli forces then raid the area to secure settlers before firing tear gas at Palestinians, causing several people to suffer inhalation injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE64542" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Forces opposed to the Syrian government seize the main water pumping station for the city of Aleppo, cutting water supplies", "date": "2024", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 36.2257000000000033423930290155112743377685546875, "lng": 37.12270000000000180762071977369487285614013671875, "description": "Forces opposed to the Syrian government of Assad seize the main water pumping station for the city of Aleppo, cutting off water to the city.", "sources": [ "Chehayeb 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters clash with police during demonstration over chemical pollution of stream in Ludhiana, India; one injured", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.91199999999999903366187936626374721527099609375, "lng": 75.8537000000000034560798667371273040771484375, "description": "Thousands gather in Ludhiana, India, to protest the discharge of chemical waste into the Buddha Nala stream, demanding the closure of common effluent treatment plants at dyeing units. A counter-protest is staged by thousands of dyeing unit employees. Over 2,000 police are deployed, who use network jammers to restrict communication and baton charge the protesters. One person sustains a head injury and 150 people are detained.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND173043", "Kaur 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters set fire to water facility in demonstration against general election results in Chokwe, Mozambique", "date": "2024", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -24.533300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 32.9832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Supporters of the Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique (PODEMOS) set fire to a state-owned water facility in Chokwe, Mozambique, to protest the election of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) in the 2024 general election. They also set fire to the home of a police officer and FRELIMO supporter.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MZM4575" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Three injured in Israeli drone attack on hospital water tanks in Beit Lahiya, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.55409999999999826059138285927474498748779296875, "lng": 34.50160000000000337649908033199608325958251953125, "description": "Israeli forces use drones to attack water tanks at the Indonesian Hospital in Beit Lahiya in North Gaza, Palestine, injuring three.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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They clash with police but there are no casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PER10816" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "QSD seizes control of Babiri water station following clash with JWS in rural Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.09859999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "lng": 37.93390000000000128466126625426113605499267578125, "description": "Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) makes advances in northern Aleppo, Syria, taking control of Babiri water station in Jirah Airbase after clashing with Syrian National Army (JWS) members.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SYR137151" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes between farmers and Rapid Reaction Force over water shortages leave one dead, six injured in Kut, Iraq", "date": "2024", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.5056000000000011596057447604835033416748046875, "lng": 45.82469999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "description": "Farmers protesting water shortages in Kut, Iraq, clash with Rapid Reaction Force, leaving one dead and six others injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ61358" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water well on Palestinian land in Yasuf, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.1084000000000031604940886609256267547607421875, "lng": 35.23780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy a water well and cut down 15 olive trees on Palestinian-owned land in Yasuf, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE64975" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least five injured as BNP factions clash over control of canal in Bashila village, Bangladesh", "date": "2024", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.50189999999999912461134954355657100677490234375, "lng": 88.9618999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "description": "A violent clash breaks out between two factions of the Bangladesh National Party (BNP) in a dispute over the control of a canal in the Rajshahi village of Bashila, Bangladesh. The groups are armed with sticks and improvised weapons, leaving at least five people injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD29760" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents and farmers break dike in protest over water shortages in Paita, Peru", "date": "2024", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -4.91209999999999968878228173707611858844757080078125, "lng": -80.9602000000000003865352482534945011138916015625, "description": "Over 500 farmers and residents from several localities in Paita, Peru, gather at a water company site and break a dike supplying water to the La Huaca district, redirecting it to irrigate their crops and nearby areas. The action is part of a protest against regional water shortages, with demonstrators calling on the government and the Ministry of Agriculture for assistance.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PER10840" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Locals expel QSD forces after attempted theft from water stations in Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.9695999999999997953636921010911464691162109375, "lng": 38.02839999999999776036929688416421413421630859375, "description": "Residents take control of Hayet village in Aleppo, Syria, after expelling Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) who had attempted to steal equipment from local water and electricity stations.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR137600" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "For weeks Turkish military forces attack the Tishrin Dam in Syria with reports of deaths and injuries", "date": "2024", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic, Türkiye", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.37939999999999685087459511123597621917724609375, "lng": 38.17660000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "description": "Beginning on 9 December 2024 and continuing through January 2025, pro-Turkish Syrian National Army (SNA) military forces attack the Tishrin Dam on the Euphrates in Syria, severely damaging electrical generation infrastructure and cutting power to numerous population centers. At least five civilians are killed and 15 injured.", "sources": [ "Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 2024" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Resident shot dead by Houthi supervisor during dispute over water project in Ar Rujum, Yemen", "date": "2024", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.4578000000000006508571459562517702579498291015625, "lng": 43.6323000000000007503331289626657962799072265625, "description": "A resident of Ar Rujum, Yemen, dies after being shot five times by a Houthi supervisor in a row over a water project. The incident takes place at the home of a sheikh and is witnessed by tribal mediators who had been attempting to resolve the dispute.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM94509" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents block highway and clash with police in Talara, Peru, after 10 days without drinking water", "date": "2024", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -4.57720000000000037942982089589349925518035888671875, "lng": -81.2719000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "description": "Dozens of residents in Talara, Peru, block a highway with burning objects to protest being without drinking water for 10 days and the lack of water tanks to supply their area. Clashes break out when police arrive to clear the road, with protesters alleging they were assaulted by officers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PER10843" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers threaten mass suicide to demand compensation for land lost to irrigation project in Bidar, India", "date": "2024", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 17.91329999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "lng": 77.53010000000000445652403868734836578369140625, "description": "Members of Karanja Horata Samiti, a farmers' organization, stage a protest in Bidar city, India, demanding compensation for land they lost to the Karanja Irrigation Project. They carry nooses and threaten mass suicide if their demands are not met. A farmer is rescued by a police officer and hospitalized after he attempts to consume poison.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND173689" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Woman seriously injured in explosion while attempting to access booby-trapped well in Essouk, Mali", "date": "2024", "country": "Mali", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.751999999999998891553332214243710041046142578125, "lng": 1.175100000000000033395508580724708735942840576171875, "description": "Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) and Wagner forces burn Tuareg huts in Essouk, Mali, and trap the door of a water well with an improvised explosive device, leaving a woman seriously injured after she attempts to access the well. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MLI33498" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Myanmar soldier fleeing border police attacks villagers fetching water in Maungdaw Township, Myanmar, injuring one", "date": "2024", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 20.801300000000001233502189279533922672271728515625, "lng": 92.4231999999999942474460112862288951873779296875, "description": "A Myanmar military soldier fleeing border police throws a grenade at locals collecting water from a pond near Kan Thar Yar village in Maungdaw Township, Myanmar. One person is injured in the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MMR85695" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water well in Ayn al Bayda, Palestine", "date": "2024", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3804999999999978399500832892954349517822265625, "lng": 35.50829999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "description": "Israeli settlers set fire to a Palestinian-owned residential building and destroy a water well in Ayn al Bayda in West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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The attack occurs amid ongoing violence between Meitei and tribal communities, including Kuki-Zomi groups.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND174316" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Officer injured in clash between farmers and activists at demonstration against water reservoirs in Sainte-Soline, France", "date": "2024", "country": "France", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 46.24640000000000128466126625426113605499267578125, "lng": 0.034799999999999997601918266809661872684955596923828125, "description": "In Sainte-Soline, France, 30 members of the Stop Megabasins collective rally to oppose large water reservoirs and celebrate a Bordeaux court ruling that declared four of them illegal. Tensions flare when farmers supporting the reservoirs stage a counter-demonstration, leading to clashes. Gendarmes intervene to separate the groups, and one officer is slightly injured in the process. A 26-year-old activist is later arrested and charged with assaulting the officer.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. FRA37173" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Heavy fighting in Al Zorg, North Darfur, Sudan, leaves nearly 100 dead and water resources destroyed", "date": "2024", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.1044999999999998152588887023739516735076904296875, "lng": 24.833200000000001494981916039250791072845458984375, "description": "Clashes continue between Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), backed by Darfur Joint Forces (JSAMF), and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), supported by Arab militia in Al Zorg, Kutum (North Darfur, Sudan). SAF airstrikes are reported as joint forces retake RSF bases, the airport, and weapons depots. The joint forces claim to have killed or wounded 700 RSF soldiers, while RSF denies the figure and accuses its rivals of ethnic cleansing. Joint forces are accused of killing 39 civilians, burning the hospital and market, and destroying local water resources. Fatalities are estimated at 89, including 50 RSF fighters and 39 civilians.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD32404" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water borehole destroyed in Montepuez, Mozambique, amid election protests", "date": "2024", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -13.0397999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "lng": 39.279099999999999681676854379475116729736328125, "description": "A water borehole is destroyed by a group of people in Nanune village in Montepuez, Mozambique. The incident is reportedly linked to protests over general election results.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SYR138106" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish forces shell village water station in rural Ar Raqqa, Syria", "date": "2024", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.40050000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 38.96820000000000305817593471147119998931884765625, "description": "Turkish forces, together with the Syrian National Army (JWS), shell a water station in the village of Fatsa in Ar Raqqa, Syria, causing material damage.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR138568" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mortar shell damages water pipes in Duhok, Iraq", "date": "2024", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 37.0921000000000020691004465334117412567138671875, "lng": 43.48769999999999669171302230097353458404541015625, "description": "A mortar shell of unknown origin hits a road in Duhok, Iraq, damaging water pipes supplying surrounding areas.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ61693" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks on water and energy systems in Goma, DR Congo cut water to hundreds of thousands of people", "date": "2025", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -1.6579099999999999948130380289512686431407928466796875, "lng": 29.21770000000000067075234255753457546234130859375, "description": "Attacks on energy systems and water infrastructure in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cut water supplies to 700,000 people in January 2025.", "sources": [ "Horn Observer 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four people are killed in Maharashtra region of India in a dispute over water sharing from a well for irrigation", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.51480000000000103455022326670587062835693359375, "lng": 75.486400000000003274180926382541656494140625, "description": "A long-running family dispute over sharing water from a well turns violent and four people are killed and several injured in the Maharashtra region of India.", "sources": [ "Akhef 2025", "Clarion India 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Tribal disputes over village water supply leave three dead and four injured in Osmanabad, India", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.513799999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "lng": 75.5567999999999955207385937683284282684326171875, "description": "Two groups clash over water supply in the village of Bavi, Osmanabad, India. Three people are killed and four others injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND175863, IND176535" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents take over water station in Puerto Badel, Colombia, and disrupt water supply to Cartagena", "date": "2025", "country": "Colombia", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": 10.1196999999999999175770426518283784389495849609375, "lng": -75.476799999999997226041159592568874359130859375, "description": "Residents protesting the state of roads leading to their communities take over a water pumping station in Puerto Badel in Bolivar, Colombia, disrupting drinking water supply to the nearby city of Cartagena.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. COL30091" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "QSD drone strike on water station leaves one dead and two injured in rural Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.23100000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "lng": 38.0212999999999965439201332628726959228515625, "description": "Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) carries out a drone strike on Al-Khafsa town's water station in rural Aleppo, Syria. Three people are injured, including the station manager and an electrical engineer who were trying to fix previous damage to the station. One victim dies from their injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR139095" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attacks by Turkish forces on the Tishrin Dam in Syria kill and injure hundreds and cut water for more than 410,000 people", "date": "2025", "country": "Syrian Arab Republic, Türkiye", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.381000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "lng": 38.1786000000000029785951483063399791717529296875, "description": "Many civilians are killed in Turkish attacks on the Tishrin Dam and surrounding areas. The dam is a flashpoint in fighting between the Syrian National Army, Turkish-backed rebel groups, and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces. Attacks on the dam have cut access to water and power for more than 410,000 people and raised concerns about the safety of the dam.", "sources": [ "Syrians for Truth and Justice 2025", "Waller and Abbas 2025", "Abdo and Martany (AP) 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash between protesters and gendarmerie leaves eight injured in demonstration over water price increases in Paoscoto, Senegal", "date": "2025", "country": "Senegal", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.7860999999999993548271959298290312290191650390625, "lng": -15.800399999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "description": "A protest over increased water costs leads to violent clashes in Paoscoto village, Senegal. At least six female protesters are attacked, and one is taken to hospital for her injuries. Two gendarmes also sustain injuries. The gendarmerie launches over 300 canisters of tear gas at the crowd before arresting 34 demonstrators, including minors and the elderly.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SEN2125" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish forces and JWS target water tanker in rural Al Hasakeh, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.84649999999999891997504164464771747589111328125, "lng": 40.3284000000000020236257114447653293609619140625, "description": "Turkish forces use drones and artillery to target a water tanker in rural Al Hasakeh, Syria. The attack is carried out in conjunction with the Syrian National Army (JWS).", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR139009" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistani Taliban militants blow up water tanker; one dead in North Waziristan, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 33.18079999999999785131876706145703792572021484375, "lng": 70.389600000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "description": "Pakistani Taliban (TTP) militants use improvised explosives to carry out an attack on a military vehicle used for carrying water in Spinwam in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa District. A Frontier Corps personnel is killed in the blast.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK148328" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "At least 40 killed in attack on fishers and irrigation farmers amid ISWAP factional clash near Baga, Nigeria", "date": "2025", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.094699999999999562305674771778285503387451171875, "lng": 13.82339999999999946567186270840466022491455078125, "description": "Suspected Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP) fighters kill at least 40 fishers and irrigation farmers in attacks on villages near Baga in Nigeria’s Borno State. The victims had been working under a protection agreement with one ISWAP faction to continue irrigation farming, but another faction attacks them and kills the farmers under protection. Nearby Boko Haram members pursue the attackers but do not clash with them. They also help evacuate the wounded and recover bodies.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NIG40326" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A drone attack by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces in Sudan damages Merowe Dam cutting water, pumps, and power to a city", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.669200000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 32.05230000000000245563569478690624237060546875, "description": "Omdurman, a city north of Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, loses drinking water after a drone attack by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on the Merowe Dam, one of Africa’s largest hydropower projects. The attack disrupts electricity and renders Nile water stations and wells inoperable.", "sources": [ "Ganot 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen attack Thiban water station in rural Deir ez-Zor, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.01140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": 40.5046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "Unidentified gunmen use rocket-propelled grenades to attack a water station in rural Deir ez-Zor, Syria.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR139588" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy water collection well and olive trees in Nablus, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.14139999999999730562194599770009517669677734375, "lng": 35.2854999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy a water collection well and chop down olive trees on Palestinian-owned land in the Bayta district of Nablus, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE66928" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF floods villages in Al Jazirah, Sudan, after killing woman and demanding ransom", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 15.0050000000000007815970093361102044582366943359375, "lng": 33.14650000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "description": "A woman with special needs is assaulted and killed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Tayba Al Naim in Al Jazirah, Sudan. The RSF demands a ransom for her body and then opens irrigation channels, flooding the village and neighboring Hasab Allah.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD33141" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rapid Support Forces shells Al Manara water station in Karrari, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.75789999999999935198502498678863048553466796875, "lng": 32.51729999999999876081346883438527584075927734375, "description": "The Al Manara water station in Sudan's Karrari District is shelled by Rapid Support Forces (RSF) fire. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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A number of civil defense personnel are injured trying to extinguish flames.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD32915" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ballistic missile strike on Kyiv, Ukraine, kills four and damages water supply system", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.46459999999999723740984336473047733306884765625, "lng": 30.46549999999999869260136620141565799713134765625, "description": "A Russian ballistic missile strike on Kyiv, Ukraine, leaves four dead, injures three and damages a water supply system. The damage leads to flooding and prevents water from reaching residents.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR204547", "ANTIKOR 2025a" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent dispute at waterpoint leads to death of woman in Rumbek, South Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "South Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 7.08570000000000010942358130705542862415313720703125, "lng": 29.740700000000000358113538823090493679046630859375, "description": "Five unidentified women suspected to be from an Agar Dinka clan attack a woman at a waterpoint in Rumbek, South Sudan. The victim, from another Agar Dinka clan, later dies from her injuries. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SSD14826" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "QSD forces shell Al-Khafsa water station in rural Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.23100000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "lng": 38.0212999999999965439201332628726959228515625, "description": "Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) launches rockets at the Al-Khafsa water station in Aleppo, Syria, targeting Syrian National Army (JWS) positions.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR139731" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi forces abduct more than 10 villagers and shoot at houses over water sanitation project in Ar Ribat, Yemen", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.07169999999999987494447850622236728668212890625, "lng": 44.691000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "Houthi forces abduct over 10 residents and raid houses in Ar Ribat, Yemen. The attack is aimed at forcing residents to give up their land for a water sanitation project proposed by a Houthi investor. Houses are shot at but no casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM96451" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water truck triggers improvised explosives in Tillaberi, Niger", "date": "2025", "country": "Niger", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.408699999999999619149093632586300373077392578125, "lng": 1.23669999999999991047161529422737658023834228515625, "description": "An improvised explosive device planted by an armed group, likely JNIM (Salafi-jihadist group), explodes as a water truck passes near Mine de Samira in Gotheye, Tillaberi, Niger. The truck sustains minor damage; no casualties are reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NIR31401" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "QSD forces shell water station in Big Habbuba, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.17779999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "lng": 38.0183999999999997498889570124447345733642578125, "description": "A water station is shelled by Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) in the town of Big Habbuba in rural Aleppo, Syria. The attack causes material damages; casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR139732" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Around eight dead, 12 injured in clash between farmers and herders over land and water resources in Agana, Chad", "date": "2025", "country": "Chad", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.0218000000000007077005648170597851276397705078125, "lng": 17.405499999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "description": "Clashes erupt between farmers and herders in Agana, Chad, leaving between seven or eight people dead and 12 injured. The violence is driven by disputes over land and water resources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. CHA2031" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several farmers are injured during a conflict over water rights between cities and farms in Isfahan, Iran", "date": "2025", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.6621999999999985675458447076380252838134765625, "lng": 51.65339999999999776036929688416421413421630859375, "description": "Several farmers are injured in a violent clashes with Iranian security forces in a revival of conflict over water rights between cities and farms in Isfahan, Iran.", "sources": [ "IranWire 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF soldier killed in dispute over water station in Abu Karaynka, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 11.5873000000000008213874025386758148670196533203125, "lng": 26.544399999999999550936990999616682529449462890625, "description": "A clash erupts in a refugee camp in Abu Karaynka, Sudan, after a Rapid Support Forces (RSF) soldier fires shots and blocks the operation of a water station, claiming it was built on his farm. The soldier is killed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD33193" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian drone strikes interrupt water supply in Sumy, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.952899999999999636202119290828704833984375, "lng": 34.07000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Drone strikes carried out by Russian forces damage houses and lead to water supply disruptions in the Sumy village of Pishchane, Ukraine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PAK148578" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF threatens to cut off water supply in Golo, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 13.6321999999999992070343068917281925678253173828125, "lng": 25.246700000000000585487214266322553157806396484375, "description": "Rapid Support Forces (RSF) claims to have overtaken Golo in North Darfur, Sudan, and threaten to cut off water from Al Fasher during clashes with Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD33245, SUD33266" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Systematic sabotage puts Bahri water station out of service in Khartoum, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.5599000000000007304379323613829910755157470703125, "lng": 32.537700000000000954969436861574649810791015625, "description": "The Khartoum State Water Corporation makes a press statement announcing that Bahri water station has been put out of service following systemic sabotage of equipment, including extensive damage to electrical transformers, cables, dashboards, pumps, laboratory equipment and tanks, which has rendered the station inoperable. The station is one of Khartoum's largest, and its closure occurs amid a severe water crisis which has led to clashes between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The following month, engineers assessing damage to the station are shot at by RSF snipers.", "sources": [ "Al-Taghyeer 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water containers in Suseya, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.391200000000001324451659456826746463775634765625, "lng": 35.11370000000000146656020660884678363800048828125, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian water containers and attack houses and vehicles in the village of Suseya in West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE67440" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Turkish forces strike water station in rural Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.78580000000000183035808731801807880401611328125, "lng": 38.04729999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "description": "Turkish forces carry out an airstrike on a water station in the village of Upper Shyookh in Aleppo, Syria, causing material damages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR140549" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian shelling and drone strikes damage water treatment plant and injure three in occupied Horlivka, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.313299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "lng": 38.0416000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "Ukrainian forces launch drone strikes and shell Russian separatist forces in occupied Horlivka, Donetsk. The attack injures three civilians and damages a water treatment facility.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR206390" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF snipers shoot at engineers assessing water station damage in Khartoum, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.62069999999999936335370875895023345947265625, "lng": 32.53479999999999705551090301014482975006103515625, "description": "A group of engineers assessing conflict-related damage to Bahri water station in Khartoum North, Sudan, are shot at by Rapid Support Forces (RSF) snipers. There are no casualties.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD33419", "Sudan Tribune 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen clash over water well digging in Yarim, Yemen", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.2980000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "lng": 44.3778999999999967940311762504279613494873046875, "description": "Gunmen from Al Dakhla and Aboum villages exchange fire during a dispute over water well digging in Yarim, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Two people are killed and three injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRQ62490" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian drone strikes damage water infrastructure in occupied Horlivka, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.313299999999998135535861365497112274169921875, "lng": 38.0416000000000025238477974198758602142333984375, "description": "Ukrainian forces carry out drone strikes and shell an unknown target in occupied Horlivka, Ukraine. Water infrastructure is damaged during the attack.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR206245" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Irrigation canal dispute leads to armed clashes in Nisab, Yemen", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.5167000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "lng": 46.5, "description": "Two tribes armed with weapons clash over the use of an irrigation canal in Nisab, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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GTM8884" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Five injured in dispute over irrigation in Khulna, Bangladesh", "date": "2025", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 23.2530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "lng": 89.166799999999994952304405160248279571533203125, "description": "Villagers staging a protest over an irrigation dispute clash with Awami League supporters in Khulna, Bangladesh. Five people are injured, including a Jubo Dal member who was attempting to mediate between the groups.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD30556" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Striking shipyard workers in El Natahoyo, Spain, set fire to a water treatment plant during protests over employee dismissals", "date": "2025", "country": "Spain", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.53190000000000026147972675971686840057373046875, "lng": -5.65909999999999957509544401546008884906768798828125, "description": "Striking shipyard workers in El Natahoyo, Spain, set fire to a water treatment plant during protests over employee dismissals. Police respond with smoke canisters and rubber bullets. 30 people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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During the protest they shut off the main valve of the company's water pipeline.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IDN20193" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes erupt over alleged water and electricity theft in Anthili, Greece", "date": "2025", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 38.8487999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "lng": 24.47939999999999827196006663143634796142578125, "description": "Residents of Anthili, Central Greece, clash with Roma after reporting them for alleged water and electricity theft. A community leader claims a Roma tried to run him and two others over, while the Roma accuse the residents of throwing rocks. Both sides file lawsuits.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GRC6217" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent clash erupts between villagers over land irrigation in Natore, Bangladesh, injuring at least 15", "date": "2025", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.473400000000001597300069988705217838287353515625, "lng": 89.2455000000000069348971010185778141021728515625, "description": "Residents of the Kadamkuri area of Natore, Bangladesh, clash with firearms in a dispute over the irrigation of a paddy field. At least 15 people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD30622" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Suspected RSF drone targets water treatment plant in Kosti, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.1485000000000002984279490192420780658721923828125, "lng": 32.66749999999999687361196265555918216705322265625, "description": "A water treatment plant on the White Nile River in Kosti, Sudan, is targeted by a fighter drone. The drone is suspected to be linked to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) due to similar incidents in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD34715" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water tower damaged by Ukrainian shelling in Belgorod, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.71719999999999828332875040359795093536376953125, "lng": 35.50909999999999655528881703503429889678955078125, "description": "A water tower in the village of Terebreno in Belgorod, Russia, is damaged by shelling from Ukrainian forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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They also target an agricultural greenhouse and spray anti-Arab sentiments.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE69453" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian drones strike oil pumping station in Krasnodar, Russia, damaging water tank", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 45.4375, "lng": 40.57549999999999812416717759333550930023193359375, "description": "Ukrainian drones strike an oil pumping station in Krasnodar, Russia, damaging a water tank and disrupting operations.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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UKR208525" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling damages water supply system in occupied Shevchenko, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.7272999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "lng": 37.15039999999999764668245916254818439483642578125, "description": "Ukrainian forces shell occupied Shevchenko, Ukraine, damaging power lines and a water supply system.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR217080" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rioters protesting water price increases torch infrastructure at water offices in Chokwe, Mozambique", "date": "2025", "country": "Mozambique", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -24.533300000000000551381162949837744235992431640625, "lng": 32.9832999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "During a demonstration over water prices, rioters break and torch infrastructure at water offices in the town of Chokwe, Mozambique, prompting the district administrator and mayor to flee the area. Police open fire to disperse them. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MZM4922" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mass Russian drone attack cripples power and water supplies in Odesa, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.491500000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": 30.7269000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "Russian forces attack Ukraine's Black Sea port city of Odesa with a massive drone strike, leaving most of its residents without power, water, or heating.", "sources": [ "Hindustan Times 2025", "ANTIKOR 2025c" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen open fire on water tanker in Al Abr, Yemen, killing one and injuring another", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.13329999999999841975295566953718662261962890625, "lng": 47.2332999999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Unidentified gunmen open fire on a water tanker belonging to Yemen's National Shield Forces between the Al Muthalath and Ba Haj checkpoints in Al Abr, Yemen. One soldier is killed and another injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM97042" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters clash with police during violent protest over Indus river canals project in Karachi, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.8813999999999992951416061259806156158447265625, "lng": 67.161100000000004683897714130580425262451171875, "description": "Police personnel in Karachi, Pakistan, are attacked by protesters during a demonstration against the construction of six new canals on the Indus river. The protest, attended by around 500-600 people, turns violent when some of the protesters beat police workers and hit them with sticks and stones. Many are injured during the clash but the exact number is not reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK149539" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water supply infrastructure damaged by drone debris in Belgorod, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.256900000000001682565198279917240142822265625, "lng": 37.8918000000000034788172342814505100250244140625, "description": "Ukrainian forces carry out 41 drone strikes across the district of Valuyskiy in Belgorod, Russia. Part of a water supply system is damaged, likely caused by falling debris after 37 drones are shot down by Russian forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS32367" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Physical fight breaks out at community meeting in Knysna, South Africa, over housing, water and sanitation services", "date": "2025", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -34.0362999999999971123543218709528446197509765625, "lng": 23.047100000000000363797880709171295166015625, "description": "Residents clash during a meeting at a community hall in Knysna, South Africa, over demands for subsidized housing, electricity, toilets and water. A physical fight breaks out and police are called. The extent of injuries is unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SAF22901" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drone strike destroys schools and water storage tank in Kyauktaga Township, Myanmar", "date": "2025", "country": "Myanmar", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 18.176300000000001233502189279533922672271728515625, "lng": 96.6595999999999975216269376687705516815185546875, "description": "A drone strike carried out by the Myanmar military drops bombs in the village of Hpyan Tha Lin in Kyauktaga Township, Myanmar. Two schools and a water storage tank are destroyed in the attack. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MMR89442" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protester and journalist run over by vehicle during drain demonstration in Hermosillo, Mexico", "date": "2025", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 29.0748999999999995225152815692126750946044921875, "lng": -110.95900000000000318323145620524883270263671875, "description": "Residents from Colonia Santa Isabel in Hermosillo, Mexico, block traffic to protest a drain installed parallel to a canal. A vehicle runs over a woman who is protesting, as well as a journalist covering the protest. Both sustain injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX100319" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified gunmen open fire at water station military point in Deir ez-Zor, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.9842000000000012960299500264227390289306640625, "lng": 40.54440000000000310365066980011761188507080078125, "description": "A Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) military point in a water station in in rural Deir ez-Zor, Syria, is targeted by unknown assailants with machine guns. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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SAF22928" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Refugee camp food and water shortages spark violence in Kakuma, Kenya", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.752400000000000179767312147305347025394439697265625, "lng": 34.8301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "A demonstration attended by thousands of refugees over food and water shortages at Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya, turns violent when stones are pelted at police and protesters attempt to storm the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees offices. Police throw tear gas canisters and fire live bullets to disperse the protesters. At least three refugees, as well as three police officers and a local administration officer sustain injuries.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17229" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Students injured in violent clash during Indus River development in Sindh, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.439299999999999357669366872869431972503662109375, "lng": 68.290199999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "description": "A student protest against the construction of water channels to facilitate irrigation of Punjab land using Indus River water turns violent when police fire tear gas and baton charge the crowd. The students retaliate by throwing stones, breaking the windows of two police vehicles. Many students are injured in the clash.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK149774" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Palestinian water tanks seized by Israeli forces in Bethlehem, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.678000000000000824229573481716215610504150390625, "lng": 35.18289999999999650981408194638788700103759765625, "description": "Israeli forces operating in Khirbat an Nahlah, in Bethlehem, West Bank, seize water tanks and woodworking tools from a Palestinian-owned house. The windows of the house are smashed by Israeli settlers.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE69950" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Shelling damages water supply system in occupied Nova Kakhovka, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.75450000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "lng": 33.34859999999999757847035652957856655120849609375, "description": "Ukrainian shelling damages a water supply system as well as power lines, a gas pipeline and four apartment buildings in occupied Nova Kakhovka, according to Russian sources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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Local residents find her body the following morning and alert police.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BEN1732" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clashes over water network reconnection injure police and minors in Ixtapaluca, Mexico", "date": "2025", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 19.31309999999999860165189602412283420562744140625, "lng": -98.8842000000000069803718361072242259979248046875, "description": "In Ixtapaluca, Mexico, over 200 Colonia Luis Cordova residents and members of the National Torch Movement clash with residents of Colonia El Mirador and municipal workers reconnecting the area to the water network. The violence erupts over claims the reconnection would reduce supply to other neighborhoods. Stones, bricks and other objects are thrown, injuring at least five police officers and several minors.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX101000, MEX101001" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi shelling damages water tank in Taizz, Yemen", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.5825999999999993406163412146270275115966796875, "lng": 44.02380000000000137561073643155395984649658203125, "description": "Houthi forces fire mortars at a residential area in Taizz-Ash Shamasi, Yemen. The attack damages a house and a water tank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM97379" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drone debris damages water supply infrastructure in Belgorod, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.0876999999999981127984938211739063262939453125, "lng": 37.90650000000000119371179607696831226348876953125, "description": "Ukrainian forces carry out 34 drone strikes across the Valuyskiy district of Belgorod, Russia. In Dolgoe, one civilian is injured and part of a water supply system is damaged, likely from falling debris.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS33670" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lebanese militias linked to Hezbollah shell water station in rural Homs, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.51700000000000301270119962282478809356689453125, "lng": 36.50529999999999830606611794792115688323974609375, "description": "Lebanese clan militias linked to Hezbollah shell the Ain Al-Tanoura water station Homs, Syria, halting its operations. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR142286", "SNHR 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian shelling in the Zaporizhzhia region cuts water to 3,000 residents", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.8455000000000012505552149377763271331787109375, "lng": 35.10799999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "description": "Russian shelling in the Zaporizhzhia region cuts electricity and water to 3,000 residents in three frontline villages.", "sources": [ "ANTIKOR 2025d" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi forces blockade village, steal water well solar panels and open fire in Harf Sufyan, Yemen", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 16.266799999999999926103555480949580669403076171875, "lng": 44.106099999999997862687450833618640899658203125, "description": "A large Houthi military crew blockades the village of Al Thamathima in Harf Sufyan district, Yemen, and seizes solar panels from water wells. They also destroy crops and shoot randomly at houses.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM97512" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Gunmen open fire at water point, killing one and seriously injuring two in Lomelo, Kenya", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 1.5, "lng": 35.91669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "description": "Three gunmen open fire at a water point in Lomelo, Kenya, killing one woman and leaving two others with gunshot wounds. The gunmen are thought to be Pokot militia who have previously attacked people in the area. The motivation for the attack is unclear.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17643" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed, nine injured in BNP clash over embankment construction in Barisal, Bangladesh", "date": "2025", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.171800000000001062971932697109878063201904296875, "lng": 90.923900000000003274180926382541656494140625, "description": "A clash between two rival factions of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) over the construction of an embankment by the Water Development Board leaves one dead and at least nine injured in Barisal, Bangladesh.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD31005" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipes set ablaze in demonstration over water tariff increase in Othaya, Kenya", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -0.5665999999999999925393012745189480483531951904296875, "lng": 36.9500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Protesters storm the Othaya-Mukurweini Water Service Company compound in Othaya, Kenya, and set fire to water pipes in a demonstration over increased water tariffs. Police deploy tear gas to disperse the group.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17377" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Drone strike damages water infrastructure object in Kyrylivka, Ukraine, says Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 46.3684999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 35.349299999999999499777914024889469146728515625, "description": "According to Russian sources, a Ukrainian drone strike on the occupied town of Kyrylivka in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, damages a water infrastructure object.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR217492" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Woman shot dead, child injured fetching water in Turkana, Kenya", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 2.166700000000000070343730840249918401241302490234375, "lng": 36.5167000000000001591615728102624416351318359375, "description": "Women and children fetching water from the Suguta River, Turkana, are ambushed by armed assailants. One woman is shot dead, while another woman and a boy sustain injuries. The attackers, thought to be Pokot militia, flee the area when police are called.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17441" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "One killed, several injured and water access restricted in militia attacks on villages in Sokoto State, Nigeria", "date": "2025", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 13.5818999999999991956656231195665895938873291015625, "lng": 4.98379999999999956372676024329848587512969970703125, "description": "A Sokoto militia attacks the villages of Aliya and Layinna in Sokoto State, Nigeria, killing one and injuring several others, and restricts access to water in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NIG41627" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farms and water wells damaged in SAF airstrikes in Um Hajaleig, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.65990000000000037516656448133289813995361328125, "lng": 25.1503000000000014324541552923619747161865234375, "description": "Airstrikes carried out by Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) damage farms and water wells in the Um Hajaleig area of Al Fasher, Sudan.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD34567" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police response to water shortage protest results in severe injuries in Matadi, Democratic Republic of Congo", "date": "2025", "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.83729999999999993320898283855058252811431884765625, "lng": 13.449999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "description": "A \"brutal\" police response to a peaceful demonstration over a shortage of drinking water leaves a dozen people injured, some severely, in Matadi, Democratic Republic of Congo. The circumstances around the violence are unclear.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. DRC35410" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers sabotage water pumping stations in Varzaneh, Iran, demanding water rights and access", "date": "2025", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 32.41960000000000263753463514149188995361328125, "lng": 52.64829999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "description": "Farmers in Varzaneh, Iran, rally at pumping stations serving nearby industries, demanding agricultural water rights and access to the Zayandeh Roud River. The protest escalates with stations set on fire and a water transmission pipeline cut.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRN30841" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmers protest for water rights in Isfahan, Iran; police use tear gas and fire warning shots", "date": "2025", "country": "Iran", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 32.652500000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "lng": 51.67459999999999809006112627685070037841796875, "description": "Farmers rally in Isfahan, Iran, demanding water rights and access to the Zayandeh Roud River for agriculture. Police disperse protesters with tear gas and warning shots. The demonstration is one of many in an ongoing dispute between farmers and officials over water rights and access in the area, with drought and river diversions threatening crops. Some protests have reportedly been met with brutal attacks by Special Guard forces.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IRN30843", "National Council of Resistance of Iran 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water rescue volunteer dies in arson attack on tent in Moscow Oblast, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": 55.62939999999999685087459511123597621917724609375, "lng": 37.8564999999999969304553815163671970367431640625, "description": "Unknown individuals set fire to a tent in a forest park in Dzerzhinskiy, Moscow Oblast, killing the man inside. The man had been volunteering with a group from a water rescue organization attempting to stop further construction work in the forest when his tent was targeted. The group accuses the local government of being behind the attack and a number of others.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS35525" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "US strikes on Water & Sanitation Foundation in Al Mansuriyah, Yemen, kill four and injure two", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.7019999999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "lng": 43.46509999999999962483343551866710186004638671875, "description": "Four workers are killed and two injured following United States military strikes on the Water & Sanitization Foundation in Al Mansuriyah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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CAO16781, CAO16803, CAO16825, CAO16840" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Four injured in machete attack over water pans and grazing land in Mandera North, Kenya", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.52559999999999984510168360429815948009490966796875, "lng": 40.97070000000000078443918027915060520172119140625, "description": "Members of the Degodia community in Mandera North, Kenya, are ambushed by suspected Murule militia, who attack them with machetes and sticks during a dispute over water pans and grazing land. Four people are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17510" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two teenagers injured, water reservoir damaged in armed attack on civilians in Torodi, Niger", "date": "2025", "country": "Niger", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.833800000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "lng": 1.707500000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125, "description": "Armed militants suspected to be linked to JNIM (Salafi-jihadist group), attack civilians in Garbangou village in Torodi, Niger. Two teenagers are injured and the village water reservoir is damaged.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NIR31500" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrikes on schools in Gaza City kill 30 people and destroy latrines and desalination units", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.502900000000000346744855050928890705108642578125, "lng": 34.46920000000000072759576141834259033203125, "description": "On April 3, Israeli airstrikes on two schools in Gaza City kill 30 people, injure more than 70, and destroy five mobile latrines and a solar-powered desalination unit that were delivered and installed in October 2024 as part of an EU-funded project.", "sources": [ "Care 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian drone strikes disrupt water supply in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.0868999999999999772626324556767940521240234375, "lng": 36.4144000000000005456968210637569427490234375, "description": "Russian drone strikes near Malomykhaylivka in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine, damage power lines and disrupt water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PSE71358" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "JNIM militants attack multiple locations in Sourou, Burkina Faso; at least 100 dead, dozens abducted and water station destroyed", "date": "2025", "country": "Burkina Faso", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 12.99719999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "lng": -3.42530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "description": "JNIM (Salafi-jihadist group) militants attack the areas of Di, Lanfiera and Guiedougou in Sourou, Burkina Faso. At least 100 people are killed, dozens are abducted, and a water station is destroyed.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BFO13546, BFO13545, BFO13547" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters damage water canal during demonstration over death of person displaced by Bokaro steel plant, India", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 23.66669999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 86.147999999999996134647517465054988861083984375, "description": "5,000 people gather under the banner of Visthapit Apprentice Sangh, an association representing the interests of those displaced by the Bokaro steel plant, in a demonstration over the death of one of its members. They block roads, burn vehicles and damage a water canal.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND181657" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukrainian drone strike damages water infrastructure object in Belgorod, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.45830000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "lng": 36.33460000000000178488335222937166690826416015625, "description": "A Ukrainian drone strike damages a water infrastructure object at an inactive enterprise in the village of Krasnyi Oktyabr in Belgorod, Russia.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS34762" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Armed group shoots and kills water well guard in rural Homs, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 34.8128999999999990677679306827485561370849609375, "lng": 36.45020000000000237605490838177502155303955078125, "description": "A water well guard in the village of Mahfura, Syria, is shot by an unidentified armed group for unknown reasons.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR142818" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Attack on occupied Makiivka, Ukraine, causes water outages", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.04639999999999844249032321386039257049560546875, "lng": 37.96929999999999694182406528852880001068115234375, "description": "According to Russian sources, Ukrainian forces carry out an attack (likely shelling) on the occupied city of Makiivka, Ukraine, leading to water outages in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR219694" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Unidentified hackers succeed in taking over a Norwegian dam's control systems, spilling millions of liters of water", "date": "2025", "country": "Norway", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 61.765500000000002955857780762016773223876953125, "lng": 5.29384000000000032315483622369356453418731689453125, "description": "In April 2025, unidentified hackers succeed in taking over a Norwegian dam's control systems, spilling millions of liters of water from the Lake Risevatnet Dam, near the city of Svelgen in Southwest Norway.", "sources": [ "Mous 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police fire pepper spray during protest over water shortages in Paita, Peru", "date": "2025", "country": "Peru", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -5.1893399999999996197175278211943805217742919921875, "lng": -80.643699999999995498001226224005222320556640625, "description": "Over a hundred residents gather outside the offices of a water company in a protest led by the mayor of Paita, Peru, over water shortages disrupting supply to more than 180,000 people. The company invites the mayor inside to a meeting, but as residents attempt to follow they are stopped by riot police who fire pepper spray at them.", "sources": [ "Ruesta 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Karachi Bar Association president injured in targeted attack over Indus river activism in Karachi, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.85419999999999873807610129006206989288330078125, "lng": 67.0160000000000053432813729159533977508544921875, "description": "Six unidentified men carry out a targeted attack on the president of the Karachi Bar Association in the Saddar area of Karachi, Pakistan. The victim is reportedly hospitalized for serious injuries. The attack is thought to be motivated by his opposition to plans for six new canals on the Indus River.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK150775", "The News International 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Protesters torch water tanker after dumper truck hits motorcyclists in Karachi, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.93560000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "lng": 67.0404999999999944293449516408145427703857421875, "description": "Residents in Karachi, Pakistan, set fire to trucks and a water tanker after a dumper truck crashed into several motorcyclists. Three people are injured, and a firefighter sustains a head injury.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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The man then opens fire at police officers before being arrested. There are conflicting reports on the incident, with some stating there was no clash with police.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX102660" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli airstrikes on an aid center in Gaza damages water and sanitation facilities", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.501999999999998891553332214243710041046142578125, "lng": 34.46580000000000154614099301397800445556640625, "description": "On April 12 an Israeli airstrike on an aid center in Gaza City damages water and sanitation facilities.", "sources": [ "Care 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "RSF shelling damages water sources at Abu Shouk IDP Camp, Sudan; 40 killed, over 100 wounded", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.67399999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 25.368500000000000937916411203332245349884033203125, "description": "Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied militia shell Abu Shouk IDP (Internally Displaced Persons) Camp in Al Fasher, Sudan, damaging water sources. 40 people are killed and more than 100 injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD34887" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An Israeli airstrike hits a desalination plant in Deir El Balah, Gaza", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.403400000000001313082975684665143489837646484375, "lng": 34.31680000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "description": "An Israeli air strike on April 13 hits the Deir El Balah desalination facility.", "sources": [ "Care 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Several injured in violent clash over water in Dwarkapura, India", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 26.560900000000000176214598468504846096038818359375, "lng": 78.14019999999999299689079634845256805419921875, "description": "Several people are injured when two groups clash in a dispute over water in Dwarkapura village, India.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND182550" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Mob attacks two men accused of tampering with water pipeline in Kithimani, Kenya", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -1.3979999999999999094058011905872263014316558837890625, "lng": 37.38380000000000080717654782347381114959716796875, "description": "A mob beats two men in Kithimani, Kenya, who are accused of tampering with a public water pipeline and illegally siphoning water. Police intervene and place the men in custody. The extent of the injuries is not reported.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17657" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian drone strike hits water supply vehicle in Stepnohirsk, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 47.58670000000000044337866711430251598358154296875, "lng": 35.35600000000000164845914696343243122100830078125, "description": "Russian forces carry out a drone strike on a water supply vehicle in Stepnohirsk in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. Casualties are unknown.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. UKR221567" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over children's water tanker dispute injures several in Indore, India", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.7179000000000002046363078989088535308837890625, "lng": 75.8332999999999941564965411089360713958740234375, "description": "A dispute between children over a water tanker in Indore, India, escalates into a clash between members of the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party, leaving several people injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND183190" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy irrigation pipelines in Tubas, West Bank", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.38629999999999853343979339115321636199951171875, "lng": 35.4808000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "description": "Israeli settlers in the village of Bardalah, Tubas, West Bank, destroy irrigation pipelines on Palestinian-owned land. On the same day Israeli settlers destroy parts of a water pipeline in the village of Khirbat Yarzah, Tubas, West Bank.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE72802, PSE72688" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "QSD member injured in armed attack on Thiban water station military post in Deir ez-Zor, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.01140000000000185309545486234128475189208984375, "lng": 40.5046999999999997044142219237983226776123046875, "description": "A Syrian Democratic Forces (QSD) member is injured in an attack on a QSD military post in Thiban water station, Deir ez-Zor, Syria. The unidentified assailants were armed with rocket-propelled grenades and machine guns.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR143078" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Municipal delegate assaulted over water shortages in Rincon de Tamayo, Mexico", "date": "2025", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 20.42229999999999989768184605054557323455810546875, "lng": -100.756000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "description": "Residents in Rincon de Tamayo, Mexico, beat and injure a municipal PVEM (Ecologist Green Party of Mexico) delegate over water shortages.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. MEX102989" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two die in dispute over well water in Benue State village, Nigeria", "date": "2025", "country": "Nigeria", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 7.98360000000000002984279490192420780658721923828125, "lng": 8.58990000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "Armed pastoralists, thought to be Fulani, attack and kill a woman and a Roman Catholic Church leader during a dispute over the use of community well water in Ayua village in Benu, Nigeria. Some residents flee the community in response.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NIG41739" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage water line and tanks in Tubas, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.3404000000000024783730623312294483184814453125, "lng": 35.3960000000000007958078640513122081756591796875, "description": "Israeli settlers damage a water line and two Palestinian-owned water tanks near the Tayasir checkpoint in Tubas, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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MEX103698" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Farmer injured in protest over quarry pollution in Manchenahalli, India", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 13.5009999999999994457766661071218550205230712890625, "lng": 77.6021999999999962938090902753174304962158203125, "description": "Villagers, farmers and environmental committee members stage a protest in Manchenahalli, India, over the construction of a road for the purpose of transporting quarry stones, citing concerns around air and water pollution. Protesters throw stones at the quarry owner who retaliates by firing his revolver, injuring a farmer in his leg.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND183551" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Militants ambush Niger military escorting Kandadji dam workers; 12 dead, six kidnapped in Tillaberi", "date": "2025", "country": "Niger", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 14.3138000000000005229594535194337368011474609375, "lng": 1.299700000000000077449158197850920259952545166015625, "description": "The Niger military is ambushed in the vicinity of Dangala, Tillaberi, while escorting workers to the Kandadji dam in Niger. The militants kill 12 soldiers and kidnap six workers. The Islamic State – Sahel Province (ISSP) claims responsibility for the attack. The Kandadji dam is a key infrastructure for electricity generation and water management in Niger.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. NIR31548" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "IRG shelling hits water well in Al Jabalayn, Yemen, injuring two civilians", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.8896999999999994912514011957682669162750244140625, "lng": 43.61829999999999785131876706145703792572021484375, "description": "Yemen's Internationally Recognized Government (IRG) fighters shell a water well in Al Jabalayn, Yemen, injuring two civilians who were grazing sheep nearby.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM98960" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Clash over agricultural water in Umerkot District, Pakistan, kills two, injures five", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.51780000000000114823706098832190036773681640625, "lng": 69.233599999999995588950696401298046112060546875, "description": "Shar and Mari community members armed with guns clash in Umerkot District, Pakistan, over an agricultural water dispute. Two people are killed and five injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK151536" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Landmine damages water tanker in Deir ez-Zor, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.33189999999999741930878371931612491607666015625, "lng": 40.14609999999999701003616792149841785430908203125, "description": "A landmine planted by an unidentified armed group during a previous conflict detonates in southern Deir ez-Zor, Syria, damaging a water tanker.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR143446" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Houthi snipers open fire on children fetching water from well in At Ta'iziyah, Yemen, injuring two", "date": "2025", "country": "Yemen", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.602000000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "lng": 43.9697000000000031150193535722792148590087890625, "description": "Houthi snipers shoot and injure two children, aged 14 and 12, as they fetch water from a well in At Ta'iziyah, Yemen.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. YEM99192" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Citizens and activists in Kandhkot, Pakistan, clash with police during protest over Indus River canal project", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.2423000000000001818989403545856475830078125, "lng": 69.184200000000004138200893066823482513427734375, "description": "Citizens, together with political and religious activists, stage a sit-in in Kandhkot, Pakistan, to oppose plans to build six new canals along the Indus River. Police launch tear gas and baton charge the protesters, who throw stones at the police in retaliation. The tear gas causes some demonstrators to faint.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK151818" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Lawyer sit-in over Indus River canals sparks violent clashes in Karachi, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 24.83579999999999898818714427761733531951904296875, "lng": 67.3558000000000021145751816220581531524658203125, "description": "Lawyers protesting plans for six canals along the Indus River clash with police in Gulshan-i-Hadeed, Karachi, Pakistan. Protestors throw stones at police, injuring eight people, including two police officers and a lawyer. A police vehicle is also set on fire. Six demonstrators are arrested.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PAK151815, PAK151816" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers cut water pipelines supplying homes in Al Awja, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.950700000000001210764821735210716724395751953125, "lng": 35.46759999999999735109668108634650707244873046875, "description": "Israeli settlers cut several water pipelines in Al Awja, Palestine, disrupting residential drinking water supply.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PAK151541", "Khawaja 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers assault Palestinian family and damage water truck in Nablus, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.23649999999999948840923025272786617279052734375, "lng": 35.38709999999999666897565475665032863616943359375, "description": "Israeli settler rioters assault a Palestinian family in Nablus, Palestine. They also puncture the tires of a water transportation truck and destroy solar panels.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE73233" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Refugees protest reduced access to basic needs at Kakuma camp, Kenya; police use tear gas, several injured", "date": "2025", "country": "Kenya", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 3.752400000000000179767312147305347025394439697265625, "lng": 34.8301000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "description": "Refugees at Kakuma camp in Turkana, Kenya, stage a protest over reduced access to food, water and healthcare following a freeze on United States foreign aid. Police use tear gas to disperse the crowd. Several refugees are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. KEN17801" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "After a terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir, India restricts flows of Indus River water to Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "India, Pakistan", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 32.02890000000000014779288903810083866119384765625, "lng": 73.165899999999993497112882323563098907470703125, "description": "In May 2025, after a terror attack kills 26 Hindu tourists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India restricts flows to Pakistan through two dams on the Chenab River causing unprecedented drops in water levels. These actions are outside of the agreements established by the Indus Water Treaty, a treaty that both countries have honored since 1960, and Pakistan responds by threatening internationl legal action and states that \"Any attempt to stop or divert the flow of water belonging to Pakistan...will be considered as an act of war.\"", "sources": [ "Ganai and Khajuria 2025", "Ahmed et al. 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Demonstrators cut water supply in Nashik, India, protesting alleged Jal Jeevan Mission corruption", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.99719999999999942019712761975824832916259765625, "lng": 73.790899999999993497112882323563098907470703125, "description": "Elgar Kashtakari Sanghatana members halt the supply of water from Vaitarna Dam in Nashik, India, while protesting the implementation of the Jal Jeevan Mission. They claim officials are negligent and that contractors are profiting from the scheme.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. IND183995" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers damage water pipelines near Jericho, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.86670000000000158024704433046281337738037109375, "lng": 35.4500000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "description": "Israeli settlers damage Palestinian water pipelines and solar panels near Jericho in West Bank, Palestine. Tents are also targeted, and the settlers seize 70 sheep.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE73245" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy solar panels and water pumps in Khirbet al Deir, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.32090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.369900000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy solar panels and water pumps belonging to Palestinians in Khirbet al Deir in West Bank, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. 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PSE73639" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water wells lose only power source after refrigeration unit damaged in Israeli strike in Khan Yunis, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.32300000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "lng": 34.2760999999999995679900166578590869903564453125, "description": "A solar-powered refrigeration unit is damaged after being struck by Israeli artillery in the village of Qizan an-Najjar in Khan Yunis, Palestine. The damage disrupts the agricultural sector as the unit was the only source of power to water wells in the area.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE73575" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Strike debris damages water supply infrastructure after Ukrainian drones shot down in Belgorod Oblast, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.45830000000000126192389870993793010711669921875, "lng": 36.33460000000000178488335222937166690826416015625, "description": "Water supply infrastructure is damaged following Ukrainian drone strikes across the Belgorodskiy district of Belgorod Oblast, Russia. ", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. RUS36376" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Remnant landmine in water well kills one and injures another in Idlib, northwestern Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 35.6760000000000019326762412674725055694580078125, "lng": 36.83420000000000271711542154662311077117919921875, "description": "One civilian is killed and another injured after a remnant landmine detonates in a water well in rural Idlib, Syria. The landmine, planted by former regime members, exploded while the victims were cleaning the well.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR143626" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Taliban governor shoots father and son over water dispute in Sang-e Atash, Afghanistan; victim in critical condition ", "date": "2025", "country": "Afghanistan", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 36.50200000000000244426701101474463939666748046875, "lng": 69.8700000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "description": "A father and son are wounded after being shot by the Taliban deputy district governor over a water dispute in the village of Sang-e Atash in Takhar, Afghanistan. One victim is hospitalized in critical condition.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. AFG69795" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police officers in Nentón, Guatemala, targeted by at least 50 armed individuals in dispute over water resources", "date": "2025", "country": "Guatemala", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 15.8008000000000006224354365258477628231048583984375, "lng": -91.7549000000000063437255448661744594573974609375, "description": "At least 50 armed individuals target eight police officers carrying out a judicial proceeding relating to the reinstatement of water at Chacula treatment plant in Nenton, Guatemala. One officer and a local community leader are beaten and detained by the group. The incident is connected to ongoing conflict between the El Aguacate and Chacula communities over the use of land and water resources.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. GTM9081" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "The city of Port Sudan, Sudan loses access to water after attacks on fuel supplies", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan ", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 19.60620000000000118234311230480670928955078125, "lng": 37.19879999999999853343979339115321636199951171875, "description": "Attacks by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Port Sudan, Sudan leave the city without the diesel fuel needed to power groundwater pumps for the water supply, raising the price of water from vendors and cutting supplies.", "sources": [ "Osman and Sippy 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Artillery fire destroys hospital water tanker, disrupts patient water supply in Al Fasher, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 13.626400000000000289901436190120875835418701171875, "lng": 25.35589999999999832880348549224436283111572265625, "description": "A UNICEF water tanker stationed at Saudi Hospital in Al Fasher, Sudan, is destroyed by artillery fire during clashes between Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). Around 1,000 severely ill patients are left nearly without drinking water.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SUD35257", "Arab News 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Military forces armed with machine guns open fire on water station workers in rural Aleppo, Syria", "date": "2025", "country": "Syria", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 36.767200000000002546585164964199066162109375, "lng": 38.06649999999999778310666442848742008209228515625, "description": "Syrian military forces armed with machine guns open fire at workers maintaining a water station in rural Aleppo, forcing them to flee the site. The water station is damaged in the attack but the workers escape without injury.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. SYR143691" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Nine injured in BNP clash over canal lease in Khulna, Bangladesh", "date": "2025", "country": "Bangladesh", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 22.602199999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "lng": 89.5229000000000070258465711958706378936767578125, "description": "Two factions of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) clash with bricks in Chalna, Khulna, during a dispute over a canal lease. Nine people, including three police officers, are injured.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. BGD31697" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian-owned water pipelines and puncture water tanker tires near Tubas, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.32090000000000173940861714072525501251220703125, "lng": 35.369900000000001227817847393453121185302734375, "description": "Israeli settlers destroy Palestinian-owned water pipelines and puncture the tires of a water tanker in Al Mayita village near Tubas, Palestine.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE73868, PSE73868" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers attack water well and torch guard’s vehicle in Burqah, Palestine", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.8967999999999989313437254168093204498291015625, "lng": 35.25430000000000063664629124104976654052734375, "description": "Israeli settlers storm the town of Burqah in West Bank, Palestine, and attack a water well. They set fire to a number of Palestinian-owned vehicles, including the vehicle belonging to the well’s security guard.", "sources": [ "Raleigh et al. 2010 ID. PSE73873", "Kestler-D’Amours, Marsi, and McCready 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "A water tanker is attacked during a dispute over access to water in Knysna, South Africa", "date": "2025", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty, Trigger", "lat": -34.03479999999999705551090301014482975006103515625, "lng": 23.0424000000000006593836587853729724884033203125, "description": "A water tanker is attacked during protests over disruptions of water supply in Knysna, South Africa. Water was cut off after a main water pump broke, leaving extensive areas without water.", "sources": [ "Payne 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Violent protests over plans to divert Indus River water to Pakistan kill at least two and set a house on fire", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan ", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 25.8412000000000006139089236967265605926513671875, "lng": 68.451999999999998181010596454143524169921875, "description": "At least two people are killed and other injured in massive protests in Sindh province, Pakistan over plans to divert Indus River water to Punjab. Protesters also attack and burn down the local minister's house.", "sources": [ "Khan 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Riot police beat indigenous people protesting water outages in Tabasco, Mexico", "date": "2025", "country": "Mexico", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 18.159099999999998686917024315334856510162353515625, "lng": -92.7839000000000027057467377744615077972412109375, "description": "Indigenous people from Tamulté de las Sábanas in Tabasco, Mexico, block a federal highway in protest of power and water grid failures. Riot police push and beat them in response.", "sources": [ "Peréz Marin 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sabotage of electricity transformers in Zanzibar, Tanzania, results in severe water supply disruption ", "date": "2025", "country": "Tanzania", "conflictType": "Casualty, Weapon", "lat": -6.0480000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "lng": 39.29599999999999937472239253111183643341064453125, "description": "In June 2025, four electricity transformers are vandalized and stolen across several sites in Zanzibar, Tanzania, including water distribution facilities, resulting in severe disruptions to water supply in surrounding areas. According to Zanzibar’s Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals, the incidents are deliberate acts of sabotage designed to impede the government's effort to provide essential services to residents.", "sources": [ "Suleiman 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An Iranian missile strike targeting Israel intelligence headquarters damages a nearby wastewater treatment plant", "date": "2025", "country": "Israel, Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 32.15429999999999921556081972084939479827880859375, "lng": 34.81519999999999726014721090905368328094482421875, "description": "An Iranian missile strike targeting Mossad, Israel's intelligence headquarters, damages a nearby wastewater treatment plant in Herzliya.", "sources": [ "Conflict and Environment Observatory 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "An Israeli missile attack on Iran ruptures a major water pipeline, cutting water to thousands of people", "date": "2025", "country": "Israel, Iran", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 35.8111999999999994770405464805662631988525390625, "lng": 51.42730000000000245563569478690624237060546875, "description": "An Israeli missile attack on Iran ruptures a major water pipeline, cutting water to thousands of people in Tajrish, northern Tehran", "sources": [ "McKenzie and Goudarzi 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian shelling on infrastructure in Sumy, Ukraine, disrupts water supply and injures three", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.91329999999999955662133288569748401641845703125, "lng": 34.79220000000000112549969344399869441986083984375, "description": "Russian forces shell civilian infrastructure in the city of Sumy, Ukraine, damaging a water intake which leads to water outages in surrounding areas. Three people are injured in the attack. ", "sources": [ "Mezha 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers seize a spring in the West Bank and damage a water system that provides water to 30 Palestinian villages", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.988800000000001233502189279533922672271728515625, "lng": 35.33449999999999846522769075818359851837158203125, "description": "Israeli settlers seize the Ein Samiya spring in the West Bank and vandalize Palestinian pumping stations that supply water to 30 villages in the Ramallah area, diverting the water to a nearby pool.", "sources": [ "Shezaf 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli settlers in the West Bank accused of damaging a Palestinian water system", "date": "2025", "country": "Israel, Palestine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.988600000000001699618223938159644603729248046875, "lng": 35.3344000000000022509993868879973888397216796875, "description": "In the West Bank Israeli settlers are seen breaking a water pipline from the Ein Samiyah spring that supplies water to around 110,000 people. The water system staff were able to get the supply back online.", "sources": [ "Arab News 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Access to water for up to 80,000 people in Gaza is cut after Israel issues displacement order", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 31.34309999999999973852027324028313159942626953125, "lng": 34.29079999999999728288457845337688922882080078125, "description": "Israeli authorities issue displacement orders for two neighbourhoods in Khan Younis, Gaza, where up to 80,000 people had been living, cutting their access to the Al Satar reservoir – a critical hub for distributing piped water from Israel.", "sources": [ "UN News 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Ukraine strikes military water pipeline in Vladivostok, Russia", "date": "2025", "country": "Russia, Ukraine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 43.13609999999999899955582804977893829345703125, "lng": 131.90199999999998681232682429254055023193359375, "description": "Ukrainian forces strike a water pipeline supplying Russian military facilities in Vladivostok, in Russia's far east, cutting off drinking water to garrisons in the area. ", "sources": [ "Ivanyshyn 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Israeli missile strikes a water distribution site in Gaza, killing six children and injuring 17 others", "date": "2025", "country": "Palestine, Israel", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.452100000000001500666257925331592559814453125, "lng": 34.39750000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "description": "An Israeli missile strikes a water distribution site in the al-Nuseirat refugee camp in Gaza, killing six children and injuring 17 others.", "sources": [ "Al Mayadeen English 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian drone strikes on Kupiansk, Ukraine, leave city without water", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.7077000000000026602720026858150959014892578125, "lng": 37.60130000000000194404492503963410854339599609375, "description": "Russian forces carry out airstrikes on Kupiansk, Ukraine, in a prolonged attack on infrastructure in the area. A water pipeline is targeted, leaving the city without water.", "sources": [ "Oleniak 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Two injured in protest over water outages in eMalahleni, South Africa", "date": "2025", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -25.875, "lng": 29.20609999999999928377292235381901264190673828125, "description": "Two people are injured during a protest over water outages in eMalahleni, South Africa, due to broken pipes serving the area. A woman is engulfed in flames and thrown into the air after a motorist, blinded by smoke from burning tires, runs her over as she crosses the road. Meanwhile, another motorist is assaulted by a man who accuses him of bumping his vehicle.", "sources": [ "Goldswain 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man shot dead fetching water from a pump in The Bahamas", "date": "2025", "country": "Bahamas", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 24.68990000000000151203494169749319553375244140625, "lng": -78.0460000000000064801497501321136951446533203125, "description": "A man fetching water from a pump in The Bahamas is shot dead by an unknown assailant in a vehicle.", "sources": [ "Bailey 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Water pipes and meters targeted in Lydenburg, South Africa", "date": "2025", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": -25.094999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "lng": 30.452899999999999636202119290828704833984375, "description": "A number of businesses and households in Lydenburg, South Africa, have their water pipes and meters stolen or tampered with by unknown individuals.", "sources": [ "Engelbrecht 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Rapid Support Forces destroys $1 million water lab in Khartoum, Sudan", "date": "2025", "country": "Sudan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 15.603500000000000369482222595252096652984619140625, "lng": 32.5270000000000010231815394945442676544189453125, "description": "Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) destroys a water laboratory worth $1 million in Khartoum, Sudan, official say. The lab is used to analyze river and well water and is the main water analysis facility in the state.", "sources": [ "Sudan Tribune 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian attack on Lozova, Ukraine, disrupts water supply, kills one and injures 10", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 48.8926000000000016143530956469476222991943359375, "lng": 36.3068999999999988403942552395164966583251953125, "description": "Russian forces attack the city of Lozova, Ukraine, targeting critical infrastructure which disrupts water supply. Residential areas are also hit, leaving one dead and 10 others, including children, injured.", "sources": [ "Balachuk and Diakonov 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Man shot while fetching water in Liloan, Philippines", "date": "2025", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 10.4003999999999994230392985627986490726470947265625, "lng": 123.9959999999999951114659779705107212066650390625, "description": "A construction worker fetching water for his workplace is shot in the neck by a man on a shooting spree in Liloan, Philippines. The suspect later dies from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.", "sources": [ "Lauro 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Resident clashes with maintenance worker over water shortage in Ghaziabad, India", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 28.635799999999999698729880037717521190643310546875, "lng": 77.369699999999994588506524451076984405517578125, "description": "A fight breaks out between a resident of a high-rise housing complex in Ghaziabad, India, and one of it's maintenance workers during a dispute over a water shortage. The resident reportedly approached the worker to complain, leading to a heated argument. The resident pushes the worker, who retaliates by punching him in the face and continues the assault until witnesses intervene.", "sources": [ "HT News Desk 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Pakistani Army Chief warns India of missile strikes on dam if built in breach of Indus Treaty", "date": "2025", "country": "India", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 23.144200000000001438138497178442776203155517578125, "lng": 78.9750999999999976353137753903865814208984375, "description": "At a black-tie dinner in the United States, Pakistani Army Chief Asim Munir is said to have warned that Pakistan would retaliate against any perceived violations of the Indus Waters Treaty, saying a dam built by India would be destroyed \"with 10 missiles\", according to several attendees at the event.", "sources": [ "India-West News Desk 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Occupiers cut off water supply to Donetsk residents who refuse Russian documents", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Weapon", "lat": 48.12310000000000087538865045644342899322509765625, "lng": 38.06869999999999976125764078460633754730224609375, "description": "Occupiers in Donetsk, Ukraine, cut off water supply to residents who refuse Russian documents, declaring their homes as \"ownerless\". ", "sources": [ "Khlyudzinsky 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Poland thwarts major cyberattack on critical water infrastructure ", "date": "2025", "country": "Poland", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 52.2813000000000016598278307355940341949462890625, "lng": 21.413000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "description": "Poland's deputy prime minister reports that a major cyberattack on critical infrastructure that would have left a large Polish city without water has been thwarted. ", "sources": [ "Reuters 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "11-year-old girl attacked while fetching water at roadside tap in Bahawalpur, Pakistan", "date": "2025", "country": "Pakistan", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 29.2837999999999993860910763032734394073486328125, "lng": 71.7316000000000002501110429875552654266357421875, "description": "An 11-year-old girl fetching water from a roadside tap in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, is attacked and raped by a man thought to be responsible for several other attacks on young girls in the area. The suspect later dies by gunshot wound during a police raid in which the suspect's accomplices open fire on officers, reportedly shooting the suspect in the process.", "sources": [ "The Current 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Sabotage of borehole leads to water outages in South Corfu, Greece", "date": "2025", "country": "Greece", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 40.828800000000001091393642127513885498046875, "lng": 21.542300000000000892441676114685833454132080078125, "description": "Unknown individuals use axes to cut the power supply cables to a borehole in South Corfu, Greece, leaving residents of surrounding communities without water.", "sources": [ "Enimerosi Corfu News 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Doctors Without Borders report an attack on Gaza citizens waiting for a water truck", "date": "2025", "country": "Israel, Palestine", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 31.348099999999998743760443176142871379852294921875, "lng": 34.30369999999999919282345217652618885040283203125, "description": "The non-governmental aid organization, Docotors Without Borders, reports that at least two people are shot and wounded, including one child, while waiting for a water truck in Khan Yonis in the Gaza strip. Water and food distribution sites have repatedly been places of vulnerability for Palestinians who have few other options for acquiring basic necessities during the ongoing war with Israel.", "sources": [ "Ottens-Patterson 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russian missile strike destroys water intake facility in Trostianets, Ukraine", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 50.481999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "lng": 34.96300000000000096633812063373625278472900390625, "description": "A Russian missile strike on Trostianets in Sumy Oblast, Ukraine, destroys the city's water intake facility, leaving around 100 residents without water.", "sources": [ "Danishevska 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Police strike protesters with rubber bullets during demonstration over water shortages in Johannesburg, South Africa", "date": "2025", "country": "South Africa", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -26.192499999999999005240169935859739780426025390625, "lng": 27.976299999999998391331246239133179187774658203125, "description": "Residents of Coronationville in Johannesburg, South Africa, stage a protest over water shortages which they say have been ongoing for eight years. Police disperse the crowd with teargas and shoot several people with rubber bullets.", "sources": [ "eNCA 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Security forces injured during protests over drinking water quality in Basra, Iraq", "date": "2025", "country": "Iraq", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 30.535399999999999209876477834768593311309814453125, "lng": 47.770499999999998408384271897375583648681640625, "description": "Residents of Basra, Iraq, stage protests over several days over poor drinking water quality due to the flow of saltwater into the city. They block roads with burning tires and scuffle with security forces, leaving several personall injured. Severe drought in Iraq has affected the flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, allowing saltwater from the Shatt al-Arab to extend further into the city.", "sources": [ "The New Region 2025", "Shafaq News 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Six injured during protest over water shortages in Antananarivo, Madagascar", "date": "2025", "country": "Madagascar", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": -18.918099999999999027977537480182945728302001953125, "lng": 47.5240000000000009094947017729282379150390625, "description": "Anti-government protesters march through Antananarivo, Madagascar, in a mass demonstration over power and water shortages. Security forces use armored vehicles to charge the protesters who respond by throwing stones. At least four people are injured by rubber bullets and two others by stun grenades. In nearby Anosibe, a man is left unconscious after police chase and severely beat him.", "sources": [ "Arab News 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Russia launches large-scale attack on Ukrainian infrastructure, killing a child and disrupting water supply", "date": "2025", "country": "Ukraine, Russia", "conflictType": "Casualty", "lat": 49.05279999999999773763192933984100818634033203125, "lng": 31.24510000000000076170181273482739925384521484375, "description": "Over several consecutive nights, Russian forces carry out a large-scale attack on Ukraine, using cruise missiles and suicide drones to target the country's energy infrastructure. Electricity and water supplies are lost in parts of Kharkiv and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. In Zaporizhzhia, a child is killed and the Dnipro hydroelectric plant is closed as a precaution.", "sources": [ "Danishevska 2025", "Ukrinform 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 }, { "title": "Residents punch and beat firefighters due to lack of water in Manila, Philippines", "date": "2025", "country": "Philippines", "conflictType": "Trigger", "lat": 14.5999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375, "lng": 120.981999999999999317878973670303821563720703125, "description": "Residents of a burning building punch two volunteer firefighters and beat them with wooden planks in Manila, Philippines. They are angry that there is no water available and that they will have to wait for a supply to arrive.", "sources": [ "KAMI 2025" ], "zoomLevel": 7 } ], "metadata": { "source": "Pacific Institute Water Conflict Chronology", "updated": "2026-04-30T07:09:29+00:00", "contact": "info@pacinst.org", "note": "Mapped locations may not be exact." } }